Learning Module in GE Rizal- Life and Works of Rizal |. Title: RIZAL’S LIFE: EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH ML. Topics: 1. The Seditious Document: The Poor Friars 2. Rizal as a Practical Leader Conceives La Liga Filipino Rizal Deported to Dapitan Dapitan during the Arrival of Rizal . Rizal builds his home at Talisay . Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba The investigation . After the Alcoser's Speech . Rizal's Trial and His Alleged Guilt 10. Rizal's Last Remaining Hours on Earth Ceromae ’ il. Time Frame: 4 hours W. introduction: ‘The decision to exile Jose Rizel to Dapitan was taken so he could contemplate his sins against Spain and, “publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution". He arrived in 1892 and left shortly before his execution in 1896. During his four-year exile Rizal was famously productive: he practiced medicine and pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, widened his knowledge of languages and established a schoo! for boys (Rough Guides, 2020). ‘Thus, in this chapter, the leamers are able to engage to the life of Rizal during his exile in Dapitan. Leamers are also able to determine the great contributions of Rizal in Dapitan, ‘examine the evidence placed before him during his trial and witness his death as the cause of ‘Spanish colonial government downfall. V. Objectives: Al the end of this module, the students should be able to: 1. Analyze the causes that led to Rizal's exile and execution; Make a critical analysis on how the death of Rizal cause the downfall of Spanish colonial dominance in the country; and 3. Enumerate the different projects and other humanitarian deeds of the hero during his exile in Dapitan VI. Pre-Test: Answer the following questions below 1, Enumerate the fifteen documents that were considered bases for charges against Jose Rizal. Tell how they proved Rizal's innocence or guilt. [The Documents ““"""7 How tke Documents proved Rizal's innocence or guilt! cee GE Rizal 1- Life and Works of Rizal 1Vil. Learning Activities: 1. The Seditious Document: The Poor Friars This document included copies of a tract called “The Poor Friars” a caustic attack on the Dominican friars, divulging bankruptcy of the Dominican from different Asian banks. the the In Rizat's statement, “But now the devil has carried off the money of the widows and orphan, and it is so feared that he will cary everything, because when the devil begins, finish, ‘where the devil has family head were been to Persecuted during Calamba trouble. This Paper was calied seditious hence it consists for the slightest word against the POBRES FRAILES (Poor Friars) ~ an anti-friar aiticle under the authorship:of Father... Jacinto. and bore the imprint "imprenta de los Amigos, Manih Satire against the sich. domin who amassed fabulous wealth = ~ contrary to their “vow of poverty’ government, in which an insult to the religious order is called sedition. Besides, the religious orders in that period were the powers behind the throne, seating and unseating officials at will All the newspapers in Manila published the long curious decrees of theGovernor General, bearing the three charges that sent Rizal into exile. During his “voluntary exile" he had published three books and proclamations of very doubtful loyalty to Spain, which are not only frankly anti-Catholic, but impudently antifriars and introduced these into the archipelago. After his arrival in the Philippines, there was found in one of the packages belonging to the said subject a bundle of handbills entitled “the Poor Friars’ in which the patient and humble generosity of the Filipinos was satirized and in which accusations were published against the customs of the religious orders. Though the League of La Liga Filipina GE Rizal 1- Life and Works-of Rizal 2constitution contained no one seditious sentence, the fact that it began among members of the Masonic Order in Manila and that it was a secret organization somewhat resembling Masonry was enough to bring it under the suspicion of the govemment. It contained provisions which a despotic government would find intolerable such as: guard in absolute secrecy the decisions of the League Councils, Not submit to humiliation nr treat anybody with disdain and Obey unquestionably and punctually every command that emanates from a League Councilor or Chief. Purpose of the La Liga Filipina: Unity of the whole archipelago Inte one compact, vigorous and tomo Mees erate Pie vere eicaytces Epeouragemenvof instructions industrial, enterprises , Bee oe nee ten ia miau erate 2.Rizal as a Practical Leader Conceives La Liga Filipino- The other project he conceived while in Hong Kong was the founding of La Liga Filipina. This was to be established in the Philippines, hence the need to return to his country. The constitution of La Lige Filipina was drafted: with the cooperation of his friend, Jose Ma. Basa. The association aimed to unite the people of the entire archipelago into a compact body. it would provide mutual protection in every difficulty and necessity; defense against all violence and injustices instruction, agriculture and commerce; and carry out the study and application of reforms. Its motto “One Is worth for ali”. ‘The member of the La Liga Filipina was entitled to (1) moral, material, and financial aid from his council and from La Liga Filipina; (2) a demand that all fellow members favor him in business or profession so long as he offered the same guarentees to others (3) full assistance from La Liga Filipina in case of trouble, afiront or injustices; and (4) financial assistance in any business of funds were available in the treasury, 3. Rizal Deported to Dapitan-Three days after the founding of the Liga, Rizal went to Malacafiangagain. The governor asked him whether he has an intention to go back to Hong Kong. Rizal replied positively to the query. After a while the governor proceeded to ask him the owner of the pillows and the mats in his luggage, as there were questionable handbills them. Rizal's answer was that they belong to his sister Lucia. Despujol therefore ordered his aide-de-camp to arrest Rizal and incarcerate him at fort Santiago. Rizal was detained in Fort Santiago for 9 days. On July 15, 1892, he left Manila for Dapitan, where he would be spending the next four years of life. With his deportation to GE Rizal 1- Life and Works of Rizal 3Dapitan, the Liga died its natural death. 4. Dapitan during the Arrival of Rizal-Rizal arrived at Dapitan on July 17, 1892 via the steamer Cebu. The place was swampy with unclean streets, Rizal set foot in Dapitan, but he found out that the land is fertile. There was no potable water, as well as lighting system, which made the town appear desolate. People were dying with different diseases, as they were not provided proper medical services by the authorities 5. Rizal builds his home at Talisay.With cash on hand, he immediately bought land in ‘Talisay, which was more than 70 hectares. Then he constructed his house made of nipa hut. As a physician he was cognizant at the dangers of dysentery and cholera germs from an open pit, 80 he took all the necessary precautions to prevent their occurrence in his home.Rizal opened a school for young boys of his neighborhood, following the Athenian system of & education. As a doctor, Rizal Practices his profession in his new home. The foregoing experiences that Rizal had in Dapitan greatly enhanced his concept of practical leadership and nationalism (Romero,1978). Rizal and Josephine Bracken- Rizal's fame as an ophthalmologist spread beyond Dapitan and the Philippines. Josephine Bracken and her uncle Mr. Taufferwho was suffering from eye ailment all the way from Hong Kong with 2 card of introduction from Julio Llorente came to seek help from Rizal, Rizal saw Josephine the qualities which made him attracted, so he ‘sought the permission of Mr. Tauffer and expectedly the latter raged in fury. Rizal had been treating him, pemnitting him to regain a little eyesight. Nonetheless, Tauffer lose hope of regaining his eyesight as his case was hopeless for it was terminal ailment.Tauffer then left Dapitan and instead Josephine accompanies him, she did not go against the demand of the old man. Upon arriving Manila, however, Josephine took refuge in the house of Rizal's mother, to whom she brought Rizals’ of introduction, which runs as follows (Quirino, 1940): My very dear Mother, The bearer of this letter is Miss Josephine Tuafer with whom | was on the GE Rizal 1- Life and Works of Rizal 4Point of marrying, relying of course on your consent. Our relations were broken at her suggestions because of the many difficulties that came on the way. She is almost an orphan in everything; she has no relatives except distant ones. As | am interested in her and it is very easy for her later fo decide to join me, and since she may be left all afone and abandoned, | beg of you fo give her the hospitability, treating her as if she were a daughter, until she has better ‘opportunity or occasion to come back. Treat Miss Bracken 2s a person whom esteem and greatly appreciate and whom J would not like to see exposed or abandoned. Your affectionate son who loves you, Jose Rizal 6. Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba On September 3, 1896, Rizal boarded the steamer sia de Panay, which shall ferry him to Barcelona, Spain. So he was happy. He fell that he succeeded in his race against the evolution, spearheaded by the Katipuneros, Without his knowledge, the sinister plan of Blanco was already in place at the very moment he left Manila for Spain. By October 3, 1896, Rizal reached Barcelona, He was heavy guarded and detained as a prisoner at the steamer Isla de Panay. On October 6, at 3:00 in the moming he was informed that he would be taken to Fort Monjuich, the prisoner citadel of the city. Despujoi the governor, who decreed his deportation to Dapitan, told Rizal that he would be shipped back to the Philippines, so he left Barcelona for Spain, and that same date he sailed back to the Philippines. The steamer arrived in Manila on November 3, 1896, and he was brought to Fort Santiago. The Spanish authorities commenced their expedition of fishing all evidences that can be used against Rizal. Those who sympathized with Rizal were harassed and tortured, 7. The Investigation Colonel Francisco Olive, the Judge Advocate of the Spanish military tribunal, summoned Rizal to appear before him on November 20, 1896. Desiring fo clear his name from the accusations imputed on him. ‘The Trial of Rizal-Rizel's case was tumed over to Dominguez and Alcoser on December 19, 1896 for prosecution. The trial commenced on December 26, at the Halls of Banner of Cuarte! de Espafia Two days prior to the trial, the court martial was constituted, with Colonel Jose Colonel Jose Togores a8 president and the following as members: Ricardo Mufioz Airas: Manuel Reguera; Santiago Isquierdo and Manuel Escrbano. Fermin Rodriguez de Alcoser was designated as prosecutor. jinary Investigation of Rizal The trial started with the reading of the charges against the accused by judge Advocate Dominguez. This was followed by a detailed presentation of Rizal's case by Alcoser, which culminated in his call on the members of the military tribunal to render a decision by imposing death penalty on the accused. Alcoser's argument rested on Rizal's admission of the founding of La Liga, which to his mind had something to do with Bonifacio's revolution. Thus, Alcoser averred thai. ee GE Rizal 1- Life and:Works of Rizal 5In a crime founded on rousing the passions of the people against government Powers, the main burden of guilt is on the man who awakens dormant feelings and Taises false hopes for the future (Guerrero, 1998). The charges against Rizal were illegal association and rebellion, the first being illegal to have been the means to comm the second, both therefore, constituting a complex crime punishable with the penalty imposed for the graver offense in it is maximum degree (death). Article 188 of the Spanish Penal Code declared illegal, among others, any association whose Purpose was fo commit any of the crimes punished by the same code; Article 220 declared guilty of rebellion those rose publicly and in open hostility the government for the purpose among others of proclaiming the independence of any part of the territory included within the term of the Philippine Islands, and Art.230 imposed the penalty of cadena perpetua to death upon those who promoted or maintained such a rebellion by induction and upon the principal leaders of the rebellion. 8. After the Alcoser’s Speech-Passionate speech, Taviel de Andrade took the floor to present his defense of Rizal, Taviel de Andratle’s defense was based on the rule of evidence and the law applying the Penal Code of Spain in the Philippines. Believing that the prosecution was biased on Rizal, he defended Rizal by saying that penalties can only be imposed on an accused through any of the following means: ocular inspection; confession of the accused; credible witnesses; expert opinion; official's documentation or conclusive evidences (Guerrero, 1998). As none of these conditions existed, Rizal was not guilty of the crime charged him. Moreover, as oral testimonies used against Rizal were given by those who were interested in ascribing leadership of the revolution to Rizal, these were biased and should not be used against the accused. After Taviel de Andrade’s brilliant defense, Rizal was asked by the judge advocate whether he had something to add to what his counse! had presented. Rizal stood up and presented his own brief (Zuueta, 2004; Guerrero, 1998). 1. | am not guilty of rebellion as 1 even advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan not fo rise in revolution; 2. The revolutionists used by name without my knowledge. If | were guilly, | could have escape from Singapore; 3. If] had hand in the Katipunan revolution, 1 could have escaped Depitan and should have not built a house there; 4. If | were the chief of the revolution, why did they not consult me on their plans? 5. 1 was not the founder of La Solidaridad and the Association Hispano-Filipino; 6. | had nothing to do with the introduction of masonry in the Philippines. Serrano had a higher degree than | had. If | were the head, since when does an officer permit himself to be promoted to a captain general? 7. The La Liga Filipina did not live long. It died a natural death after my banishment to Dapitan; 8. if the La Liga was re-organized nine months later, | was totally unaware of it; 9. it was true that | wrote the statutes of the La Liga. The La Liga however, is a civic association whose purpose are unity and development of commerce and industry; 10. While it was true that there were some bitter statements in ry letters, it was because they were written when my family was being persecuted, being disposed of their houses and lands, and my brother and brother-in-law were rusticated without due process of law; 11. It was not true that the revolution was inspired in one of my speeches at the house of Doroteo Onjungco, as alleged by the witnesses who | would like to confront. My friends knew very well about my vehement opposition to an armed rebellion; a GE Rizal 1- Life and Works of Rizal 612. Why did the Katipunan send an emissary to in Dapitan, who was a total stranger to me? Because those who knew me were cognizant that | would never sanction any violent movernent? RIZALTAULS INTO. SPANISH ER: 13. My life in ee : e Dapitan had been febestunaraies exemplary, as Pein 5 a MOMS < ‘lor antrrelipious and Productive activities for ee kn peace the welfare of the Saubegeor people. Even the Se politico-military Se commanders and missionary priests could attest to this, a Peer tee ese ees 9. Rizal’s Trial and His Alleged Guilt-Rizal's trial was a ciear case of mistrial - a very clear confirmation of the injustice of the Spanish Regime (Zaide&Zaide, 1999). It was a deliberate effort to condemn Rizal to death for the following reasons: 1. Rizal was a civilian but was tried by a military tribunal; 2. Rizal was already condemned guilty even before the trial 3. All allegations against Rizal were accepted by the court nut not the arguments and evidence in his favor; 4. Rizal was not allowed to confront witnesses against him nor his counsel to cross-examine them; and 5, Evidences to convict Rizal did not have any bearing on his alleged commission of the complex crime of rebellion. No.4 ‘The Manifesto, as translated by Palma (1949) is presented below: GE Rizal 1- Life and Works of Rizal 7My Countrymen: “On my retum from Spain, |Jeamed that my name had been used as a war cy ‘among some who were in arms. The news painfully surprised me, but believing it was all over, | kept silent over what | considered irremediable. Now I hear rumors tat the disturbances continue, and lest any persons should still go on using my name in bad or good faith, to remedy this abuse and to undeceive the unwary. | hasten to address you these lines so that the truth may be known. From the beginning, when ! had news of what was being planned, | opposed it, fought it, and demonstrated its absolute impossibility. This is the truth and witnesses to my words are stil living. | was convinced that the idea was highly absurd and, what was worse, would bring great suffering. | did more. When later, in spite of my counsels, the ‘movement broke out. | spontaneously offered not only my services, but my life, even my name so that they might use them in the manner they was fir (o suppress the rebellion, for convinced of the evils that would befall them. | considered myself fortunate of, at any sacrifice. | could prevent such useless misfortunes. This is equally of record. 10. Rizal’s Last Remaining Hours on Earth-The verdict sentence of death sentence was fead to Rizal on December 29, 1896 (Romero, 1978). At the outset, Rizal refused to sign it owing to his innocence and objection to his being labeled as a Chinese mestizo. Later, fealizing that the law required it, he affixed his signature on the notification of the court's decision. While busy attending to his visitors, he took time to write his last letter to his best friend and confidante, Blumentritt. The letter runs this way (National Commission, 1962). When you receive this letter, | shall be dead. 1 shall be shot tomorrow at seven o'clock, ‘but i am innocent of the crime of rebellion. | am going to die with a clear conscience, Farewell my best, my dearest friend, and never think ill of me. Rizal’s Mi Ultimo Adios was the longest, untitied poem written on December 29, 1896. According to Coates (1968), this poem is remarkable for it achieves four separate purposes: “it is a farewell ‘i is an appeal fo the Filipinos, not for him 3 “it is Rizal's last will and ” testament * tis Rizal's autobiography RIZAL’S DEATH MARCH GE Rizal 1- Life and Works of Rizal 8Vill. Self-Evaiuation:Provide the answer in the following table below 1. What made Rizal's exile in Dapitan a “pleasant ite"? 2, Describe the emotional condition of Jose Rizal twenty-four hours prior to his death? Sean ee IX. Review of Concept La Liga Filipina- an organization established by Jose Rizal in lieu to the failure of the Propaganda Movement in Europe, a crusade for reforms. GE Rizal 1- Life and Works-of Rizal 9X. Post-Test: With your knowledge in this chapter, answer the following questions below. 1. Do you think Rizal “planned” his martyrdom? Why? XI. References: Zaide, Gregorio ot. al (2002). Philippine History & GovtS ed, Quezon City: All Nations Publishing Co., Inc. ———$— $$$ GE Rizal 1- Life and Works of Rizal 10Abeleda, A.S Jr (2003).Philippine History. Manila: Saint Bemadette Pub. Inc. Capino, Diosdado 6, et.al (2005). Rizal, Life, Works and Wntings-their impact on our National Identity, Quezon City: Bookman Inc. Guerrero, Leon Ma.(2010). The First Filipino. Quezon City: National Historical Institute; Montemayor, T. H.Riza! pictorial calendar. Manila: National Historical institute Ocampo, A. R. Rizal without the Overcoat. Metro Manila: Anvil Publishing, Inc. Romero, Ma. C. et al. Rizal and the Development of National Consciousness. Quezon City: JMC Press, Inc. Rough Guides (2020). Jose Rizal in_——‘Dapitan._—Retrieved from https://www.roughguides.com/destinations/asia/philippines/mindanao/north- coast/dapitanijose-rizal-in-dapitan/ a Y GE Rizal 1- ct!