DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEEERING

DCC50232

ENGINEERING SOCIETY

ASSIGNMENT 1

LECTURER: MDM NORASIDA

DKA5A

No Name Matrik Number

1 Amanda Leonard 20dka20f2014
2 Erra Ak Ugun 20dka20f2018
3 Jessper Ak Philip 20dka20f2016
Table of content.

No Content Page
1 Introduction 2
2 Discussion
- Causes of issues 3-6
- Example of issues
- Way to overcome the issues.
- Relate the issues
3 Reference list 7
Introduction

The process of planning, producing, distributing, and managing the most efficient
use of water resources is known as water management. Water is an essential requirement
for all living things. Water resources are getting depleted at a very fast rate, and there is a
shortage of water in many places due to various factors. To avoid this shortage of water,
it needs to be managed efficiently.

All of us depend on freshwater, which comprises only 2.6% of the water on the

Earth. Most of the freshwater is in the frozen state, so only a small fraction of freshwater
is readily available. Therefore, it is important for us to manage our water resources
carefully as well as conserve them.

We need water for our biological survival and for various other purposes like
irrigation, in industries, cooking, cleaning, and bathing. The sources of water are places
from where we get water. Some of the sources of water are surface water, ground water,
and rainwater.

Causes of issues
 o Poor Water Management and Growing Demand

Today, the world’s population is just short of eight billion people, which translates to a
growing demand for water amid water stress from climate change. Urbanisation and an
exponential increase in freshwater demand for households are both driving factors behind
water shortages, especially in regions with a precarious water supply. For example, in 2018,
Cape Town, South Africa experienced a water crisis and became the first modern city to
effectively run out of drinking water because of extreme drought, poor water resource
management and overconsumption.

o Water Pollution

Contaminated and unsafe water is another contributing cause of the issues of water
management. Water pollution already kills more people each year than war and all other
forms of violence combined. As we only have less than 1% of the Earth’s freshwater
accessible to us, human activity is actively threatening our own water resources. Water
pollution can come from several sources, including sewage and wastewater – more than 80%
of the world’s wastewater flows back into the environment without being treated, and
agricultural and industrial runoff, where pesticides and toxic chemicals leach into the
groundwater and nearby freshwater systems. Consequently, precious water resources get
contaminated, resulting in less freshwater and drinking water available.

o Poorly managed water resources are deadly.

Waterborne illnesses like cholera cause millions of deaths each year. Children under the
age of 5 who live in developing countries are especially at risk. In addition to possible death,
contaminated water leads to diarrhoea, dehydration, vomiting, infections, and more. Disease
isn’t the only threat to water safety. Heavy metals and chemicals like pesticides can
contaminate drinking water. Strict policies regarding impurity levels are essential to any water
management system. Good water management saves lives.

Example of issues
 o Title: Water supply issues in Manjung, Perak Tengah to be resolved by April 3
morning.
o Location: Ipoh Perak
o Time: Sunday, 02 Apr 2023

IPOH: The Perak Water Board expects the water supply issue affecting residents in Manjung
and Perak Tengah districts to be resolved by Monday (April 3) morning.

Its general manager Datuk Ishak Abd Rahman said it depended on good weather, adding that
they were in the process of connecting new pipes and this would be completed by 4am to 6
am, with residents receiving water supply in stages.

He also said that they were filling up the Teluk Kepayang water treatment plant in Bota,
which was currently at 40% capacity.

"Some parts of the district will receive less water as pressure is still low, but we can supply
around 12 to 15 million gallons within a day, and obviously water provided through lorry
tankers will not be enough as there are over 70,000 accounts affected, but we will do our
best,” he told Bernama today (April 2).

About 79,360 consumer accounts in Manjung and Perak Tengah were affected by an
unscheduled water supply disruption since noon yesterday (April 1) due to burst pipe at the
water treatment plant intake point.

The affected areas include Ayer Tawar, Sitiawan, Seri Manjung, Lekir to Kayan, Pangkor and
Lumut in Manjung district. In Perak Tengah, the areas affected are Seberang Perak, Changkat
Lada, Kampung Gajah, Bukit Chawi, Simpang Ranggam and Hujung Rintis.

Piling works to control soil movement were completed by 5am and water supply efforts to the
affected areas include 48 static tanks and 30 tanker lorries.Foreign Minister Datuk Seri Dr
Zambry Abd Kadir, who is Lumut Umno division chief, has taken note of the water
disruption, posting on Facebook that he had asked his aides, division leaders and Umno
branch personnel to provide help to those affected"I pray that those being tested during this
holy month will continue to be patient and inshaAllah, this issue will be immediately
resolved,” he posted. - Bernama

o Title: Sabah minister hints of reshuffle to tackle water woes

 o Location: Sabah

PETALING JAYA: A Sabah minister has hinted that there might be a reshuffle in the state’s
water department to solve the water shortage issues.

State finance minister Masidi Manjun said both he and the state’s work minister Shahelmy
Yahya believe it is a matter of finding the right people to helm positions in order to solve the
issue.

“Both of us feel there’s an urgent need to put the right people in the right place at all levels of
the Water Department for better management and distribution of available water supply to
consumers,” he said, according to The Star.

The report also added that Shahelmy agrees that department officials need to be more
proactive in order to resolve Sabah’s water woes.

Shahelmy also said his ministry is working closely with the state’s water department to
resolve the issue.

Sabah’s water woes have become a frequent highlight in social media. Earlier this month,
Shahelmy called up the department’s director after Sandakan MP Vivian Wong Shir Yee said
people of Sandakan had to drink “salty” water for three months.
Ways to overcome the issue.

Some of the ways to save water are as follows:

 Water harvesting

The technique to save water is called water harvesting. In summers water level of rivers
goes below, people do not have enough water to drink like in Rajasthan. Hence it is important
to save water. It can be done by two major processes:

Rainwater harvesting, it is a method of collection and storage of rainwater into natural

reservoirs or tanks or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers.

Groundwater harvesting, Groundwater harvesting is a method to save water placed under the
ground to control the groundwater flow in an aquifer and to raise the water table.

 Drip irrigation

Drip irrigation is a type of irrigation which that saves water and fertilizer by dripping
water slowly to the roots of various crops, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root
zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. This saves more water than the
traditional watering method.

 Rainwater harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site,
rather than allowing it to run off. Here, rainwater is stored for further use.

 Water-wise habits

There are various wise habits to conserve water. Like during washing clothes we can
utilize wise techniques to save water. Fixing leaky taps. Keeping the tap closed while
brushing, taking a quick shower instead of long baths are a few examples of saving water.

 Awareness and education

Education is critical to save the water crisis. In fact, to cope with future water scarcity, it is
necessary to radically reform all forms of consumption, from individual use to the supply
chains of large companies.
Relate the issue with the guideline / acts / journal / article
Conclusion

Rapidly increasing economic and population growth in urban areas has generated
corresponding increases in demand for augmentation of water supplies. Irrigation, by far the
largest water use, remains a mainstay of some local and state economies. Perhaps the most
rapidly escalating call for water is motivated by concern for environmental and recreational
values, values not protected by law or public advocacy in the early evolution of western water
allocation. When water resources are managed well, communities and the government benefit.
Water management allows for reduced water and sewer costs, better irrigation controls during
summer, and less energy waste. Good management also ensures that water is clean and safe,
which protects public health.
Reference

Cecilia Tortajada, (9 October 2019). Water Quality Management: A Globally Neglected Issue.

William J. Cosgrove, Daniel P. Loucks, (20 June 2015), Water Management: Current And
Future Challenges And Research Directions

Metro New (9 January 2020), Drainage Issue Causes Waterlogging.

Haliza Abdul Rahman (08 August 2021), Water Issues in Malaysia

Mohamed Faizal Hashim (24 January 2023), Keadaan Banjir Di Johor Kian Buruk, 1,703
Mangsa Dipindahkan.

Akanksha P John (25-01-2023), Water Management: Sources, Scarcity, Importance and

Methods of Water Conservation
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