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Avec le soutien du
édito sommaire
AMÉLIE ARA
RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF
The Russian issue
Russian meddling in American elections is as
complex as it is fascinating, and the implications
are far greater than for the two countries alone.
In May 2017, Independent Special Prosecutor,
Robert Mueller, was appointed to head the en-
quiry into Russian interference in the 2016
presidential campaign, which resulted in the
indictment of three Russian companies and
thirteen Russian individuals in February.
This interference is quite rightly considered an
offense of serious magnitude, yet it is not pos-
sible to prove that any one aspect of Russian
propaganda had a direct effect on the actual
election result. And in any case, as New York Times
journalist, Scott Shane reminds us, the United
States itself has a long history of interference
in the elections of other countries, beginning at
the end of the 1940s. One of the most striking
examples is its influence in the 1970 election
in Chile, and the support given to Pinochet’s
bloody coup in 1973. Even if the practice itself is
not new, the strategies employed have definitely
evolved. Russia has led a campaign of electoral
destabilisation largely centred around digital
technology and social media, which we explore
in our Focus section.
Now the question is, are they also meddling in
the mid-term elections scheduled for 6 Novem-
ber? American intelligence services think so and
are monitoring the situation carefully. We find
out more in this issue.
Happy reading!
Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur
BONUS
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
Photo de couverture : IStock
N° 446 / Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.
Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
A la une
 B2-C1 Russia is already at work on the U.S. midterms
THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Suspicion of Russian meddling in the upcoming US midterm elections.
 A2-B1 Focus .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Société
 B2-C1 India’s only openly gay prince discusses creating a centre
for at-risk LGBT+ people THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ................................................................ 10
A new centre for the Indian LGBT+ community.
 C1-C2 New Zealand has more gangsters than soldiers
THE ECONOMIST (UK) ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Gangs prevail in New Zealand.
Enjeux
 B2-C1 Resisting the resistance: anti-liberal rage in California
THE GUARDIAN (UK) ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
An anti-liberal movement gaining ground in California.
 A2-B1 A 360° ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
PRATIC’ABLE  ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
comme un anglophone
Voilà le printemps / Mots composés / Soignez votre orthographe ! / Jeux de
mots
 B2-C1 New Orleans’s controversial clean-up THE ECONOMIST (UK) ................. 21
Identity crisis for New Orleans.
Culture
 A2-B1 Echos 23
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 C1-C2 Natalie Portman, Gina Rodriguez, Tessa Thompson and the
sci-fi sisterhood behing 'Annihilation' LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) ..... 24
et sur Interview with three actresses from Annihilation.
 C2 Why 2018 may see a revival of Indian horror movies
MINT, NEW DELHI (INDIA) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Indian horror movies make a comeback.
Découverte
 B2-C1 How legal marijuana could save California’s wildlife
from toxic pesticides THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ............................................................................... 29.
Overuse of pesticides in California.
Bons plans .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
 Grand L’actualité en images

angle

(Shutterstock/SIPA)
ROYAUME-UNI

SCULPTURAL HIPSTERS
For the Classical Now exhibition, which opened this month at King’s College London, French artist
Léo Caillard has dressed two classical statues situated at the entrance to Bush House (part of the
Strand campus of King’s College London) as hipsters. These statues were carved by American
Londres
artist Malvina Hoffman from a 20-ton piece of stone in 1925, and symbolise the friendship
between Britain and America. Léo Caillard’s installation is labelled “To the Friendship of the
Classical”. The Classical Now exhibition explores how Greco-Roman art has inspired the
imagination of modern artists, and features classical, modern and contemporary works. It is free
and runs until 28 April 2018.
exhibition public display of works of art / King’s College a college belonging to University of London (founded 1829) / Strand campus historical building of the college
situated on the Strand (on the bank of the Thames) / to carve to sculpt / to label here to call, name / to feature to include, comprise / work oeuvre, piece (of art) / to run,
ran, run here, to be open.

4 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018

 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

Xi Jinping
Last February, the Communist Party of
China announced that it was abolishing the
two-term limit on the Presidency. This deci-
sion could allow President Xi Jinping to be
president for life. Political commentators,
who have denounced Xi’s “power grab”, fear
that this decision marks the end of the pe-
riod in Chinese history, from 2004 to today,
when China’s system of collective leader-
ship set it apart from other authoritarian
states. Since taking power of the Party in
2012, Xi Jinping has led a massive campaign
of arrests and executions against Party cad-
res and military officers.
term here, period of mandate in power / power grab leadership coup
/ to set, set, set apart to distinguish from.

(Sipa)
(Wikimedia Commons)
(Sipa)

(Sipa)
Monica Lewinsky Emma González Levi Sanders

In an article written for the March issue of
Vanity Fair, former White House intern
Monica Lewinsky has gone back over her
1998 affair with Bill Clinton and the scandal
that arose from it. She states that the affair
“constituted a gross abuse of power”. “Now, at
44, I’m beginning … to consider the
implications of the power differentials that
were so vast between a president and a White
House intern,” she said. She also revealed that
she was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress
disorder after the scandal.
issue edition / former ex / intern person working
temporarily for an organization for little or no pay /
affair sexual relationship outside a marriage / to arise,
arose, arisen to result / to state to affirm, declare /
gross flagrant / power differentials disparity between
the levels of influence / disorder syndrome.
Emma González, a student who survived the
mass shooting at the Majory Stoneman
Douglas High School in Florida on February 14,
has become a prominent advocate for gun
control legislation. Two days after the
shooting, she delivered a powerful speech at
an anti-gun rally, calling on Trump, politicians
and companies to cut ties with the National
Rifle Association. Her voice must have been
heard because in the weeks that followed
more than a dozen brands, including Hertz
and Delta Air Lines, severed ties with the NRA.
mass shooting gun attack into a group of unarmed
victims / prominent well-known, eminent, in the public
eye / advocate defender, champion / to deliver here, to
perform / powerful embodying a strong/positive
message / rally gathering, demonstration / tie link,
connection, relations / National Rifle Association
powerful militant organisation in favour of the right to
bear arms / brand trademark, well-known name / to
sever to break, cut.
Levi Sanders, son of Bernie Sanders, has
announced that he is running for Congress in
New Hampshire. He will be vying with at least
six other Democrats and multiple Republicans
to win the seat of retiring Democrat Carol
Shea-Porter. His campaign will focus on some
of the themes that were at the heart of his
father’s 2016 presidential campaign: tuition-
free college and universal healthcare. He also
plans to tackle gun legislation and equal pay
for women.
to run, ran, run for to be a candidate in an election / to
vie to rival, compete against / retiring leaving one’s
profession, here political position / to focus on to
revolve around / tuition-free here, elimination of fees
for higher education / healthcare medical coverage / to
tackle to deal with, to address the subject of.

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 •5

À la une US midterm elections:
I Politique I

Up for election:
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Average voter turnout:
November 6, 2018 • All 435 seats in the House of Representatives
• 34 of the 100 seats in the Senate
• 39 state and territorial governorships
40%

The polling station at P.S. 163 in New York on Election Day, Nov. 8, 2016. (George Etheredge/The New York Times)

THE NEW YORK TIMES MATTHEW ROSENBERG, CHARLIE SAVAGE AND MICHAEL WINES

RUSSIA IS ALREADY
AT WORK ON THE U.S.
MIDTERMS
American intelligence officials warning that Russian interference in the
midterm elections has already begun
In February, Robert Mueller formally accused thirteen Russians and three Russian organisations of interference in the American
presidential election of 2016. Now, American intelligence services are voicing concern over continued Russian interference, this
time regarding the upcoming mid-term elections in November. This article discusses the various forms this kind of interference
may take.

6 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

W
ASHINGTON — Russia is already
meddling in the midterm elec-
tions this year, the top U.S. intelligence officials
said, warning that Moscow is using a digital
strategy to worsen the country’s political and
social divisions. Russia is using fake accounts
on social media — many of them bots — to spread
1. to meddle in sth to interfere with sth / midterm
elections (US) elections held halfway through the term
of office of a president during which governors, senators
etc are elected / intelligence information of military or
political value; secret services / official high-ranking
employee or government representative / to warn to
caution, inform of possible danger / digital here, internet /
to worsen to become aggravated, get worse / fake false,
pretend / account here, online profile / bot internet robot
(automatic software application that interacts with
internet servers) /
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Quels réseaux sociaux ont été touchés par la
stratégie d'influence russe? Découvrez le reportage
vidéo et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
disinformation, the officials said. European elec-
tions are being targeted, too, and the attacks were
not likely to end this year, they warned.
2. “We expect Russia to continue using propa-
ganda, social media, false-flag personas, sympa-
thetic spokespeople and other means of influ-
ence to try to exacerbate social and political
fissures in the United States,” Dan Coats, the
director of national intelligence, told the Senate
Intelligence Committee at its annual hearing on
worldwide threats.  social media, including the recent push to release
TWO CENTRAL CHALLENGES
3. Coats and the other intelligence chiefs laid out
a pair of central challenges for the United States:
contending with the flow of Russian misinfor-
mation and shoring up the defenses of electoral
systems, which are run by individual states and
were seen as highly vulnerable in 2016. “There
should be no doubt that Russia perceives its past
efforts as successful and views the 2018 U.S.
midterm elections as a potential target for Rus-
sian influence operations,” said Coats, testifying
alongside CIA Director Mike Pompeo, FBI Direc-
tor Christopher A. Wray and other leading intel-
ligence officials.
4. The warnings were striking in their contrast
to President Donald Trump’s public comments.
He has mocked the very notion of Russian med-
dling in the last election and lashed out at those
who suggested otherwise. Trump has not di-
rected his intelligence officials to specifically
combat Russian interference, they said. But
Pompeo said that the president has made clear
to spread, spread, spread disinformation to
distribute/ diffuse false information / to target to aim at.
2. false-flag here, ref to tactics used in cyber attacks
which attempt to deceive or misguide with false
information concerning the attacker’s origin and identity /
persona here, identity / sympathetic understanding,
feeling, compassionate / spokespeople people who
speak on behalf of / means (inv.) method, way / fissure
division / hearing audience, session / threat menace.
3. to lay, laid, laid out to present, explain / to contend
with to deal with / flow stream, flux / to shore up to
consolidate / to testify to attest / alongside together
with / leading principal, eminent, top.
4. to strike, struck, struck in their contrast to... to
offer a very different perspective from that of / to mock to
deride, ridicule / to lash out (at) to respond angrily /
otherwise here, anything different / to direct sb to do
sthg to give an order to sb to do sth / to make, made,
made clear to make sth clearly understood.
that the CIA has “an obligation, from the foreign
intelligence perspective, to do everything we
can to make sure there’s a deep and thorough
understanding of every threat, including threats
from Russia.” 
RUSSIA’S GOAL : SPREADING
INFORMATION
5. Russia appears eager to spread information
— real and fake — that deepens political divi-
sions. Bot armies promoted partisan causes on
a Republican congressional memo critical of law
enforcement officials. The bots have also sought
to portray the FBI and Justice Department as
infected by partisan bias, said Sen. Mark Warn-
er of Virginia, the top Democrat on the intelli-
gence committee.
6. “Other threats to our institutions come from
right here at home,” he said. “There have been >>>
5. goal objective / to be eager to to desire strongly / to
deepen to intensify, increase / push initiative, campaign /
to release to make public / congressional of or from
Congress / memo memorandum, note / law
enforcement officials here, the police / to seek,
sought, sought to to try to, aim to / to portray to
describe, depict / bias prejudice / Sen. = Senator.
6. at home in the United States /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Vous avez sûrement
entendu parlé de fake
news (fausses
informations) comme
dans cet article (§ 5).
On y parle également de fake
accounts on social media (§ 1)
Mais il y a aussi fake diamonds, fake
passports, fake money ....
On peut utiliser des synonymes
comme false (faux) ou bien
counterfeit (contrefaçon) pour tout
ce qui est bijoux, documents, argent
etc.
Exemple: false diamonds, false ID…
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 •7
 À la une I Politique I
Convicted by Robert Mueller in the Russian investigation:
13 Russians
3 Russian companies: Internet Research Agency, Concord
Management, Concord Catering
>>> some, aided and abetted by Russian internet bots A GLOBAL THREAT
and trolls, who have attacked the basic integrity
of the FBI and the Justice Department. This is a
dangerous trend.”  beyond what is happening in the United States,”
FOCUS ON 'INFLUENCE
OPERATIONS'
7. Russia does not, however, appear to be trying
to penetrate voting machines or Americans’
ballots, U.S. officials said. “While scanning and
probing of networks happens across the internet
every day, we have not seen specific or credible
evidence of Russian attempts to infiltrate state
election infrastructure like we saw in 2016,”
Jeanette Manfra, chief cybersecurity official at
the Department of Homeland Security, said in
an interview.
8. Right now, Pompeo said, Russia is trying to
focus on what are known as influence opera-
tions — using social media and other platforms
to spread favorable messages — not hacking.
“The things we have seen Russia doing to date
are mostly focused on information types of
warfare,” he said.
9. Intelligence officials and election-security
experts have said both the states and federal
agencies have made significant progress in ad-
dressing voting-system vulnerabilities since
2016, when state-level officials could not even be
warned of attacks because they lacked the nec-
essary security clearances. The intelligence
community was focused on gathering informa-
tion about potential attacks and then sharing it
with local and state election officials, Coats said
during the hearing.  a foretaste of what is to come — not just from
aided and abetted by... with help and support from / troll
regular internet user who posts deliberately divisive messages
/ trend general tendency.
7. ballot list of candidates to vote for / probing investigation,
research / evidence (inv.) proof / attempt tentative /
Department of Homeland Security ministry of inland
security (in charge of preventing and responding to any
internal attack).
8. to focus on to concentrate on / platform here, means of
expression / to hack gain unauthorised access to data in a
system or computer, here to gain access to trick or deceive / to
date until now, up to now / warfare (techniques of) war.
9. significant considerable / to address to tackle, deal with,
resolve / state-level on state rather than federal level / to
lack not to have / security clearance authorised access to
sensitive information / to gather to collect, amass.
8 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
 former Trump campaign advisors: Michael Flynn, Rick Gates,
4
Paul Manafort, George Papadopoulos
1 Dutch lawyer and 1 Californian programmer
10. Coats called Moscow’s meddling “pervasive.”
“The Russians have a strategy that goes well
he said. “While they have historically tried to do
these types of things, clearly in 2016 they upped
their game. They took advantage, a sophisticated
advantage of social media. They are doing that
not only in the United States but doing it through-
out Europe and perhaps else-
where.”
11. As has been the case for years,
the intelligence leaders presented
cyberactivities of rival nations
and rogue groups as the fore-
most threat facing the United States.
They warned that such risks were
likely to only grow, citing China,
Iran, North Korea and Russia, along
with militant groups and criminal
networks, as the main agitators.
NEW PREVENTATIVE
MEASURES
12. To ease the flow of informa-
tion, the Department of Home-
land Security is trying to get at least one election
official in each state a security clearance. To date,
21 officials in 20 states received at least interim
“secret"-level clearances, Manfra said in the in-
terview. The federal government is also working
to provide states with enhanced online security
"to ensure the American people that their vote
is sanctioned and well and not manipulated in
any way,” Coats said.
13. Virtually every state is taking steps to hard-
en voter databases and election equipment
10. pervasive extensive, widespread, omnipresent / to
up one’s game to raise the level, make more of an effort /
to take, took, taken advantage of to profit from.
11. rogue destructive, outside of normal controls /
foremost most important, principal / facing...
confronting.
12. to ease to alleviate, reduce / interim provisional /
enhanced improved, increased, better / to ensure to
guarantee, make sure / ... is sanctioned and well ...is
correctly attributed and counted.
13. virtually almost, practically / to take, took, taken
steps to implement measures / to harden to reinforce,
strengthen (here, security) / database electronic store of
information /
against outside attacks and to strengthen post-
election audits. When the National Association
of Secretaries of State holds its winter meeting
this weekend in Washington, half of the ses-
sions will be devoted wholly or in part to election
security. 
PAPER BALLOTS
14. New standards for voting equipment were
approved last fall that will effectively require
manufacturers to include several
security improvements in new de-
vices. States are moving to scrap
voting machines that do not gen-
erate an auditable paper ballot as
well as an electronic one; Virginia
has decertified most of its de-
vices, Pennsylvania has de-
clared that all new devices will
produce paper ballots, and
Georgia — a state whose out-
dated equipment produces only
electronic voting records — has
set up a pilot program to move
to paper.
15. But a host of problems re-
mains. Roughly one-fifth of the country lacks
paper ballots, and replacing digital-only ma-
chines costs millions of dollars. Federal legisla-
tion that would allot funds to speed up the
conversion to paper is crawling through Con-
gress.
16. Many experts, meanwhile, believe that Rus-
sian meddling in the presidential race was but
the Kremlin, but also from other hostile states
and private actors. l
to strengthen to make stronger, reinforce / audit
examination of procedure, verification of standards / to hold,
held, held to organise / to devote to dedicate / wholly
completely, totally.
14. ballot paper used to register a vote / fall = autumn (GB)
/ manufacturer company that makes a product, maker /
device appliance, instrument, system / to scrap to abandon,
get rid of / to decertify to remove a licence or permission for,
here remove from service / outdated obsolete / voting
record list of votes / to set, set, set up to establish, install.
15. a host of a multitude of / roughly approximately, around
/ to allot to assign, dedicate / to speed, sped, sped up to
accelerate / to crawl through here, to move very slowly.
16. meanwhile in the meantime / race competition, here,
election / foretaste sample, small experience of sth before it
happens on a larger scale.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
I Politique I ETATS-UNIS

The Internet Research Agency and 2016

Focus American presidential election:

A Sophisticated Influence Strategy

According to the indictment by Robert S. Mueller III, in February, the Internet Research Agency is a ‘troll farm’ based in St.
Petersburg, which was initially created in 2013 to destabilise members of the Russian political parties in opposition, but from
April 2014 onwards, it turned its focus towards the United States.
indictment accusation / Robert S. Mueller III special prosecutor charged with the enquiry into Russian interference in the 2016 American presidential election / troll regular internet
user who posts deliberately divisive messages / from April 2014 onwards since April 2014 / to turn one’s focus towards to concentrate on.

SELECTING TARGETS MANIPULATING SOCIAL MEDIA GETTING FINANCIAL

During the presidential campaign,
Russian operatives actively
supported candidate Trump and
disparaged Clinton. After mid 2016,
they often talked about targeting
“purple states”. They also focused
on the state of Florida, which Trump
ultimately won. Events were
organised and promoted on social
media such as pro-Trump political
rallies across the country from June
to November, 2016.
target person or thing sth is aimed at / to
disparage to strongly criticise, denigrate /
purple state swing state, where the
outcome of an election between
Democrats and Republicans is
unpredictable / ultimately in the end /
rally assembly, gathering.
The focus of the operation was the
creation of thousands of fake
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and
Youtube accounts by Russian
operatives to boost distrust in
American political institutions and
spread confusion. When posting from
these accounts, they would pose as
Americans or American
organisations, purchasing space on
computer servers in the United
States to mask their Russian location.
fake false, pretend / account here, online
profile / operative agent / to boost to
augment, increase / distrust lack of trust/
confidence / to spread, spread, spread
confusion to create confusion / space
here, online capacity / location area,
place, geographical situation.
The Facebook pages featured very
volatile topics such as immigration
(“Secured Borders”), African-
American rights (“Blacktivist”) and
religion (“Army of Jesus”). It is now
thought that roughly 126 million
people may have been “served
content” from these pages, over a
two-year period and that the Russian
agency may have spent at least
$100,000 on Facebook advertising to
promote these accounts and pages.
to feature to include, present / volatile
here, explosive / topic subject, issue / to
secure to protect / roughly
approximately, about / content subject
matter / advertising publicity.
SUPPORT
It would seem that
Russian billionaire
businessman
Yevgeny Prigozhin
is the man behind
the Internet
Research Agency’s
operations. Often referred to as
“Putin’s Cook”, he has developed a
close relationship with the Russian
president and has benefitted from
big state catering contracts. He
allegedly used two companies,
Concord Management and
Consulting, and Concord Catering, to
finance the operations of the Internet
Research Agency. Apparently, the
Agency had a $1.25 million monthly
budget during the height of the
campaign, in the summer 2016, and
200 to 300 employees.
operation activity / catering activity of
preparing food and providing a food
service / allegedly supposedly, it would
seem/appear / during the height of at
the most important time.
Sources: The New York Times, The Guardian

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 •9

Société I Droits LGBT I INDE I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo sur le quotidien d'un
Gujarat activiste luttant pour les droits des personnes
homosexuelles en Inde et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

THE INDEPENDENT MAYA OPPENHEIM

INDIA'S ONLY OPENLY

GAY PRINCE DISCUSSES
CREATING A CENTRE FOR
AT-RISK LGBT+ PEOPLE
Indian prince who has struggled with sexual
orientation taboos is opening a centre to help others
Article 377 of the penal code in India, states that relations that are “against the A member of India's
order of nature” are illegal. That along with heavy family and social pressure, LGBT community during
makes India a country where homosexuality is extremely marginalised, and a parade in Gurgaon, on
the outskirts of New
homophobia deeply embedded in the national psyche. But Prince Manvendra Delhi. (Altaf Qadri/AP/SIPA)
Singh Gohil is taking action to change this…

P rince Manvendra Singh Gohil might

have grown up in a vast and opulent
rococo palace in prosperous Gujarat with
servants responding to his every beck and
call but it would be wrong to assume his life
1. one’s every beck and call any and every need and
desire / to assume to suppose, presume, imagine /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"with servants
responding to his every
beck and call" (§ 1)
(avec des domestiques constamment
à sa disposition)
"beck" vient du verbe to beckon
(faire signe)
he beckoned to her to follow him  to find the remedy to / both here, in two different ways.
(il lui a fait signe de le suivre)
he beckoned me in/back/over
(il m'a fait signe d'entrer/de revenir/
d'approcher)
"call" vient du verbe to call
(appeler)
has been free of problems. The Indian prince,
who is the son and probable heir of the Ma-
haraja of Rajpipla in Gujarat in western India,
was forced to shroud his sexuality from
public view for years. Marrying a princess
of Jhabua State in Madhya Pradesh in 1991,
Prince Manvendra lived a lie and his matri-
mony remained unconsummated for its
entirety.  his parents insisted his sexuality must be kept
A COMING OUT IN THE
SPOTLIGHT
2. Unable to endure the secrecy, he eventually
confided in his wife about his sexual orienta-
tion. Barely a year after the wedding she filed
for divorce despite separation being virtually
unheard of in India at the time and still mas-
sively taboo now.  his home state of Rajpipla, effigies of the prince
son male child / heir inheritor / to shroud to hide / lie
deception / matrimony marriage / to remain to stay,
continue (to be).
2. in the spotlight in the centre of media attention / unable
incapable / to endure to continue with, live with /
eventually finally / to confide in to talk in confidence to,
tell a secret to / wife spouse / barely almost, nearly /
wedding marriage celebration / to file for divorce to
make a formal request to divorce / despite in spite of the
fact that / virtually almost, practically / unheard of
unknown, non-existent / time era, epoque.
3. Like many in India – where sex between
people of the same gender is punishable by law
– the 52-year-old kept his homosexuality a se-
cret from everyone for many years after the
divorce. In 2002 Prince Manvendra had a nerv-
ous breakdown and found himself in hospital.
It was there that his psychiatrist told his par-
ents he was gay. This did not go down well and
a secret. They tried to “cure” him with both
medical and religious measures.
4. If this was not bad enough the prince’s life
was thrown into yet further disarray and
chaos after he publicly came out as gay. The
revelation was not only breaking news all over
India but also grabbed headlines worldwide. In
3. gender sexual identity / punishable by law illegal /
nervous breakdown nervous depression / to go, went,
gone down well to be well received, (fig) accepted / to cure
4. enough sufficiently / to throw, threw, thrown into to
propel (fig.) / yet here, even / further more / disarray
confusion / breaking news scoop / all over everywhere
in / to grab headlines to attract media attention /
worldwide all over the world / home place of origin,
where one comes from /

10 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Notre animatrice Shelly de Vito discute avec la journaliste Aditi Tyagi de la manière
dont l'homosexualité est perçue en Inde et des relatives avancées récentes.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
were burned and people called for him to be
robbed of his title and ostracised. His parents
brought out public notices saying they wanted
to publicly disown him and disinherit him from
the ancestral property.  and running on his own and has procured the
SOCIAL STIGMA
5. “Coming out in India is very difficult. There
is so much stigma. Society doesn’t allow
parents to accept it,” the prince, who is the
first and only openly gay royal in India,
tells The Independent. The royal said home-
lessness is a massive problem in the LGBT+
community in India. “People in India are so
attached to their parents they are not able to
live without them. When they try and come
out parents do not understand and disown
their children and throw them out of the
home. The children don’t know where to go
and are homeless,” he said.  qualification / training instruction, education / to run,
to rob to deprive, take away / to bring, brought, brought
out to publish / notice notification / to disown to renounce,
repudiate / to disinherit to prevent from inheriting.
5. stigma prejudice, disgrace, infamy / to allow to permit,
authorize, accept / royal member of the royal family /
homelessness situation of having nowhere to live, reside,
shelter.
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
6. “I need to rescue these people who have
been rendered homeless otherwise they will
die, commit suicide, or get depressed.” Prince
Manvendra is not talking in vague, nebulous
terms and actually has a solution in mind.
The royal is going so far as to transform his
15-acre pink palace into a centre for vulnerable
LGBT+ people. The centre aims to deliver
clinical services, financial support and skills
training for young LGBT+ people so they are
able to become financially independent from
their families. He will run the centre with his
community-based organisation The Lakshya
Trust.  moment I got invited on things changed.”
EMPOWERING LGBT+ PEOPLE
7. “There are two aims. One is social empower-
ment and the other is economic empower-
ment,” he explains. The royal, who says he has
been thinking about the idea for 15 years, also
plans to use the centre to offer free safe-sex
seminars to young LGBT+ people across India
and run workshops with parents who have
accepted their children’s sexuality. He is con-
structing more buildings to house visitors to
the centre who will be able to stay in shared
accommodation.  rooted in Indian society’s attitude to sex as a
8. But the prince is not getting the centre up
support of Kanwar Amarjit Singh – a 28-year-
old Indian royal who is also an LGBT+ activ-
ist. Prince Manvendra is so appreciative of Mr
Singh’s decision to help with funding he has
named the centre after him – it will be called
Hanumanteshwar Amar 1927.  explains. “Our country is a paradox in that way.
6. to rescue to help, come to the aid of / to be rendered
homeless to find oneself without accommodation, shelter
/ otherwise if not / to commit suicide to kill oneself / to
get depressed to become a victim of depression /
actually in fact, in reality / acre 0.4 hectare / to aim to to
have as an objective / to deliver here, to provide, offer /
support help, assistance / skill competence, expertise,
ran, run to manage / trust foundation.
7. empowerment emancipation / to plan to to intend to
/ across all over, everywhere in / workshop study/
discussion group / to house here, to host, welcome /
shared held in common / accommodation lodging,
housing.
8. up and running operational, open and functioning / on
one’s own alone / to procure to obtain / activist
militant / appreciative grateful, thankful / funding
financial support.
9. Prince Manvendra also emphasises the
importance of education and uses his platform
to speak to university students about LGBT+
issues. In fact, the royal has had something of
a turnaround since coming out and being
shunned by society after coming out.
10. He has not only been accepted by his fam-
ily but has been on The Oprah Winfrey Show
three times and even appeared on Keeping Up
With The Kardashians. “Oprah’s interview was
a big turning point in my life,” he reflects. “The
whole of society had turned against me but the
 
HOMOPHOBIC LAW
11. Despite the progress Prince Manvendra has
made and continues to make in India, it is
worth remembering that Indian law continues
to criminalise sexual acts between members
of the same sex and homophobia remains
deeply culturally ingrained. Nevertheless, the
Supreme Court of India has ordered a review
of the legislation later this year. 
12. In Prince Manvendra’s view, the problem is
whole. “It is a taboo to even speak about sex
and there is no sex education in schools,” he
says. Ironically the prince, who campaigns for
the reform of India’s anti-LGBT+ laws, says
homosexual behaviour is far more accepted
than heterosexual behaviour in the country.
“Men are affectionate with each other but
heterosexual behaviour is not accepted,” he
It is very easy to get a room for same sex at a
hotel but if a male and female want a room you
have to prove the relationship.” l
9. to emphasise to highlight, insist upon the importance
of / issue problem, concern / to have, had, had to have
the experience of / something of a... a kind of, sort of /
turnaround complete reversal/change of situation / to
shun to turn one’s back on, reject.
10. even here, even more surprisingly / to reflect to express
a carefully considered opinion / the whole of... all of.
11. it is worth remembering that... it is important not to
forget that / deeply profoundly / ingrained rooted,
established / nevertheless however, all the same,
nonetheless / review re-examination.
12. in sb’s view in sb’s opinion / rooted ingrained,
deep-seated / behaviour conduct, comportment, practice
/ far much / affectionate displaying warmth, fondness,
love / in that way in this regard.
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 11
Société I Gangs I NOUVELLE ZÉLANDE I  C2

A Hells Angels member. (Julie Platner/The New York Times)

THE ECONOMIST

NEW ZEALAND HAS MORE

GANGSTERS THAN SOLDIERS
New Zealand: more mobsters than military
New Zealand has more sheep than human inhabitants, which is one reason why it can boast spectacular unspoiled views and
idyllic scenery. Even more surprising, the country has over 5,300 gang members, more than its military personnel, which is

T
roughly about 4,500. British newspaper, The Economist, offers an insight into this gang culture.

he picturesque wine country of Hawkes
Bay is hardly a classic gangland. Tourists
come here to ogle art deco buildings or slurp
merlot. But its less affluent suburbs are divided
between bitter rivals: Black Power and the Mon-
grel Mob, New Zealand’s biggest gangs. This
underworld occasionally rears its head, with, say,
gunfire at a rugby game, or an assault outside a
winery.
2. For a sleepy country, New Zealand has a pecu-
liar problem with gangs. Police count over 5,300
1. picturesque beautiful / wine country wine-growing
region / hardly not exactly / gangland area where gangs
live / to ogle to look at, here, to admire / to slurp to
(noisily) drink / affluent rich, prosperous / bitter hostile,
angry / mongrel dog of mixed breed, here, of mixed race /
mob mafia, criminal organisation / underworld world of
crime and criminals / to rear to raise, to emerge / say for
example / gunfire shooting of guns / assault attack /
winery vineyard, place where wine is produced.
2. sleepy peaceful, quiet / peculiar strange / to count to
estimate /
members or “prospects” lining up to join one of
its 25 listed groups, which together makes them
a bigger force than the army. Unlike counterparts
in other countries, they thrive in rural areas as
well as cities. Almost a quarter of people living in
the shabby bungalows of Flaxmere, a suburb in
Hawkes Bay, are said to be linked to Black Power.
BLACK POWER AND MONGREL
MOB
3. Bikers such as the Hell’s Angels have a presence
in New Zealand, but Black Power and the Mongrel
Mob have ruled the roost for almost half a cen-
prospect here, potential candidate / to line up to wait in
line / counterpart equivalent person / to thrive, thrived or
throve, thrived or thriven to flourish, to prosper / shabby
run-down, dilapidated / bungalow house built on one level.
3. biker person who rides a motorbike / Hell’s Angels
motocycle club founded in 1948 (whose members ride
Harley-Davidson motorbikes) considered as an organised
crime syndicate in the US / to rule the roost to be in charge,
to dominate (roost perch where birds sleep) /
tury. Their members “stick out like dogs’ balls”,
one admits, because they sew patches onto their
clothes and brand themselves with dense tattoos.
A clenched fist is the symbol of Black Power; a
bulldog or the Nazi salute “Sieg Heil” are the marks
of the Mongrels. Both gangs are predominantly
Maori. In all, police say three-quarters of the
country’s mobsters are Maori (they make up just
15% of the population as a whole).
4. For decades the groups fought ruthlessly for
turf, beat and raped women, and pushed wannabe
to stick, stuck, stuck out to be prominent, easy to notice /
balls testicles / to sew, sewed, sewed or sewn to attach
pieces of material with cotton thread / patch piece (of material,
leather) / to brand oneself with sth to give oneself a
distinctive mark with sth / clenched fist hand held very tightly
/ predominantly mainly / mobster member of the mafia / to
make, made, made up to represent / as a whole in total.
4. ruthlessly without mercy/pity / turf territory / to beat,
beat, beaten to hit / to rape to force a person to have sex /
wannabe person who aspires to be part of a group of people /

12 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

members into violent crime to earn their stripes.
When the economy slumped in the 1990s, mob-
sters sold drugs from houses known as “tinnies”
and demanded protection money from other
criminals. Today prison officers say that “ethnic
gangs” work as methamphetamine distributors
for more organised biker groups and foreign
syndicates. They keep the prisons in business,
filling about a third of cells and accounting for
over 14% of all murder charges, according to police.
5. Locking gang members up has arguably exac-
erbated the problem, by turning jails into recruit-
ment grounds. Gang colours and insignia are
banned behind bars, but “nine times out of ten”
inmates will “turn to a gang just for protection”,
explains Mane Adams, a heavily inked boss of
Black Power, who has served two sentences him-
self. Some leaders have taken to tattooing the
faces of prison recruits, to guarantee fealty when
they are free.
THE METHAMPHETAMINE PROB-
LEM
6. But if the authorities have not done gangs much
harm, methamphetamines have. Mr Adams be-
gan campaigning against the drug after a com-
rade disembowelled himself in meth-induced
to earn one’s stripes to prove that one merits a position / to
slump to fall, to collapse / to demand to ask for (with force) /
officer person in a position of authority / syndicate group of
gangsters / to keep, kept, kept sth in business to make sth
continue to exist and function / cell room in a prison where a
prisoner is held / to account for to represent / charge
accusation.
5. to lock up to incarcerate / arguably probably / jail prison /
grounds place, site, area / insignia symbol as an emblem of
membership / to ban to prohibit, to forbid / behind bars in
prison / inmate prisoner / heavily very much / inked here,
tattooed / to serve to spend a period of time in prison /
sentence punishment, conviction (in prison) / to take, took,
taken to to start / fealty allegiance.
6. harm damage / comrade member of the same group / to
disembowel oneself to eviscerate oneself / to induce to
provoke /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"to rule the roost" (§ 3)
(faire la loi)
Comparez :
the roost (le perchoir)
a rooster ( un coq)
the chickens have come home to
roost (on récolte ce que l’on a semé)
their actions have come home to
roost (leurs actes ont fini par se
retourner contre eux)
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
psychosis. A smattering of gang leaders have tried
to ban members from using them, after seeing
paranoid henchmen turn against each other. Yet
when officials conduct tests in gang-members’
homes, they are still more likely to find traces of
the substance than not.
7. Reform-minded gangsters swear that they are
cleaning up in other ways. Black Power prohibits
the lurid gang rapes that once occurred on an
almost weekly basis. Leaders say they now criti-
cise, rather than joke about, domestic violence.
Women linked to the gangs claim their lives are
vastly improved. Street battles, too, have grown
less frequent.
NO LONGER CRIMINALS
8. By almost every measure, life is still worse for
Maoris than other New Zealanders, but gangsters
insist that, thanks to a strong economy, criminal-
ity is no longer a prerequisite for survival. Many
Maoris claim to join as much for  whanau, or
family, as for money, power or thrills. “People have
this idea we are all rapists and murderers and
methamphetamine cooks. But not all gang mem-
bers are criminals,” laments Eugene Ryder, a
leader of Black Power in Wellington. He requires
his underlings to study or take full-time jobs.
9. Jarrod Gilbert, an academic, believes that gang
life has “fundamentally changed from what it
was”. Neil Campbell, who heads the Maori divi-
sion of the Corrections Department, agrees that
some “pro-social” gang members really “do want
better for their children”. Perhaps the best proof
of the gangs’ rehabilitation is the rise of new, more
destructive rivals. The bling-obsessed teenage
members of the new outfits are unpredictable and
violent—just as the mellowing members of the
Mongrel Mob and Black Power used to be. l
smattering small number / henchman member of a criminal
gang / to turn against each other to become hostile towards
each other / official police officer, government representative.
7. reform-minded favourable to reform / to swear, swore,
sworn to solemnly promise / to prohibit to ban, to forbid /
lurid violent and shocking / gang rape rape of a person by
several attackers / to occur to happen / to joke to make an
amusing remark / to claim to declare, to say / street battle
street fight.
8. by almost every measure on almost every level, in almost
every aspect / prerequisite requirement / thrill excitement /
cook chef, here, person who makes sth / underling
subordinate, person of a lower rank.
9. academic university professor, researcher / Corrections
Department governmental agency responsible for the
incarceration of people convicted of crimes / proof evidence /
rise increase / bling ostentatious jewellery / outfit
organisation, group, here, gang / unpredictable difficult to
predict, changeable in behaviour / to mellow to become
more relaxed and less harsh with age.
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 13
Enjeux I Politique I
THE GUARDIAN SAM LEVIN
RESISTING
THE RESISTANCE:
ANTI-LIBERAL RAGE
IN CALIFORNIA
Extremist reaction to liberal policies in California
California has traditionally been one of the bastions of liberal politics and
progressive thinking in the United States. But since the election of Donald Trump,
California has never been so divided. With rural counties supporting the president, a
conservative movement is gaining ground in the state, giving rise to fears of a new
form of separatist conflict.
I
n California’s Central Valley an unex-
pected item is popping up for sale in
souvenir stores: Confederate flags. There’s a
growing market for the hate symbol. “There’s
been an atmosphere of comfort for folks that
were holding these very extreme conserva-
tive views,” said Angel Garcia, an activist in
Tulare County, an agricultural region where
Confederate imagery has become common-
place in immigrant communities.
WARS BETWEEN RIGHT
AND LEFT
2. While California is seen as the national
leader of the liberal resistance to Donald
Trump, it has also become increasingly polar-
1. unexpected unforeseen, surprising / item article,
object / to pop up to appear / growing expanding / folks
people / to hold, held, held to have / view opinion /
activist militant / county administrative division of a
state in the US / commonplace common, normal.
2. while even though / to see, saw, seen to perceive,
consider / increasingly more and more /
14 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
ized, with wars between the right and the
left breaking out from the scenic coast to the
rural farming communities that produce the
nation’s food.
3. The widening divides in the US have
played out in stark ways in California, where
clashes between Trump supporters and those
threatened by his agenda have led to violent
conflicts, battles between neighbors and
dueling campaigns to draw new borders that
tear apart the country’s most populous state.
polarized divided into two opposing groups / to break,
broke, broken out to erupt, occur spontaneously / scenic
picturesque / farming agriculture.
3. widening growing, expanding / divide separation,
division / to play out to happen / stark extreme, here,
violent / way manner / to threaten to menace / agenda
programme / to lead, led, led to cause, result in /
neighbor (US)= neighbour (GB) person living next door
or nearby / to draw, drew, drawn to determine, fix, create
/ border frontier, boundary / to tear, tore, torn apart to
divide / populous highly populated.
THE “NEW CALIFORNIA”
MOVEMENT
4. The latest incarnation is the so-called “New
California” movement, a far-fetched initiative
to have rural conservative counties declare
independence from the rest of the state,
which is run by Democrats and has passed
a series of policies intended to undo Trump’s
agenda. New California is a kind of resistance
to the resistance, channeling the rightwing
rage directed at the liberal havens of San
Francisco and Los Angeles.
5. “I’m just waiting for the day the federal
government comes in and takes the state
over,” said Ross Patterson, a New California
backer from Yuba County, a northern juris-
diction that voted for Trump.
4. latest most recent / incarnation example / so-called
named, known as / far-fetched extreme / to have, had,
had here, to propose / to run, ran, run to lead, govern / to
pass to adopt, vote / policy plan of action adopted by a
government, measure / to be intended to to be designed
to, have the objective of / to undo, undid, undone here,
to reverse, end / kind sort / to channel here, to
concentrate / directed at aimed at / haven paradise,
here, enclave.
5. to take, took, taken over to take control of / backer
supporter, partisan.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

Yuba Country
Tulare Country
California has become
increasingly polarized.
(John Amis/AP:SIPA)
6. California has a rich history of progressive
activism, launching the Free Speech Move-
ment, the Black Panthers and Black Lives
Matter and passing groundbreaking policies
on the environment, marijuana, immigrants’
rights and gun control. In reaction, a far-right
backlash has quietly brewed for years – and
loudly exploded under Trump.
SHOULD THE NORTHERN
REGION SECEDE?
7. Some conservatives have repeatedly called
for the northern region to secede and form a
51st state called the State of Jefferson, with
lower taxes and smaller government. Other
recent campaigns include Six Californias, a
venture capitalist’s proposal that would make
Silicon Valley its own state, and Calexit, a push
for California to become its own country.
6. to launch here, to initiate, set in motion / free speech
freedom of expression / Black Panthers African-American
liberation movement, formed in 1966 / Black Lives Matter
movement, originating in the African-American community,
that campaigns against violence and systemic racism
especially by the police / groundbreaking revolutionary /
gun firearm / far-right extreme right, ultra conservative,
reactionary / backlash counter-reaction.
7. to secede to separate from, become independent / tax
compulsory financial contribution to the state made by
individuals / venture capitalist person who/ company
which provides capital for innovative projects / own in its
own right / push initiative, campaign.
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture
8. The fringe efforts, though unlikely to alter the president or immigration – he said a man
California’s political representation, speak to drove by and yelled “Trump! Trump! Trump!”
the fractures in California, which has at- at him. This kind of visible aggression is new,
tempted to defy Trump and inspired an angry even in conservative counties, he said: “All of
counter-movement Jeff Crow, a New Califor- the sudden, your neighbor is waving a Con-
nia coordinator, said the “hippies” and “social- federate flag. That didn’t really happen before.”
ists” from the state’s major cities
would be happy to separate from 11. Even in the urban centers that
the rest of California: “We’ll see “I’m just over whelmingly voted for
who thrives. It’ll be a great com- waiting for Hillary Clinton, the far right and
petition.” He added: “I love the the day the white supremacists have devel-
coast. I’ll still be going to the federal oped a growing presence, accord-
other California to have fun.”
government ing to some leftwing activists.
Cat Brooks, co-founder of the
THE IMMIGRATION comes in and Anti Police-Terror Project, said
ISSUE takes the she recently saw a group of men
9. In recent months, much of the state over” with visible white supremacist
conservative resentment in tattoos walking down the street
California has stemmed from a in liberal Oakland in broad day-
“sanctuary state” law meant to protect im- light. “America is unmasked right now,” said
migrants and limit cooperation between Brooks, a longtime activist. “Something has
local police and federal deportation authori- shifted where you feel safe to be here.” l
ties. Tom Reed, a 57-year-old who has been
involved in the Jefferson and New California
efforts, said he was frustrated with the state’s to drive, drove, driven by to pass by in a car / to yell to
decision to limit cooperation with federal shout / even as well as / all of a sudden suddenly, at that
authorities: “Assisting criminals makes you moment / to wave to brandish, hold and move from side
to side / to happen to take place, occur.
criminal. It’s making enforcing federal laws
11. overwhelmingly by a very large majority / growing
more expensive. California’s disagreement expanding and more visible / according to as stated/
is costing me money.” reported by / co-founder joint founder / in broad
daylight during the day / unmasked no longer hidden,
(fig) not feeling the need to appear politically correct /
10. The Trump administration and US Im- right now at the moment / longtime for many years / to
migration and Customs Enforcement (Ice) shift to change.
have promised to retaliate by increasing en-
forcement in California. Activists said the
threats and xenophobic rhetoric has trickled
down into the everyday lives of immigrants
and people of color. Garcia said the Trump-
fueled fury towards immigrants has led to SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
more overt racism. While he was doing a
television interview last year about children’s "walking down the
health and the environment – unrelated to street in liberal
Oakland in broad
daylight." (§ 11) (en plein
jour)
8. fringe marginal / effort initiative / though despite
being / unlikely to with very little probability of / to Comparez :
attempt to try / counter- anti- / to thrive, thrived or broad in the shoulder large
throve, thrived or thriven to prosper.
d'épaules
9. issue question, matter, topic, debate / resentment a broad expanse of lawn une vaste
animosity, indignation / to stem from to arise from, result
from /  law legislation / to be meant to to be intended to étendue de pelouse
/ deportation expulsion / to be involved in to take part the broad outlines les grandes lignes
in, be connected with / to make, made, made to render / in the broadest sense of the word
to enforce to implement, apply. au sens (le plus) large du terme
10. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) a broad spectrum of opinion un
federal agency responsible for border security / to large éventail d'opinions
retaliate to strike back, take revenge / to increase to a film with broad appeal un film
increase, reinforce / to trickle down into to infiltrate,
grand public
influence (little by little) / to fuel to incite / health
physical and mental well-being / unrelated to nothing to to have broad implications avoir de
do with / vastes implications
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 15
 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Istock)
Job(s) Application
A 1973 job application from Steve Jobs has
attracted worldwide attention. The one page
questionnaire, filled out by Jobs three years
before co-founding Apple, appears to be
riddled with spelling errors. It will be up for
sale at a pop culture auction in Boston, in
March, where it is expected to sell for $50,000.
application request form for employment / worldwide
all over the world / to fill out to answer questions on the

(Istock)
form / to be riddled with to have many / spelling order
of letters in a word, orthography / to be up for sale to be
available for purchase / auction public sale of sth to

Going Plastic Free

the highest offer / ...is expected to... is predicted to,
should.

The world's first plastic-free aisle has been opened at a supermarket in Amster-
dam. This supermarket is a branch of the Dutch chain Ekoplaza, which plans to
open similar aisles in all of its branches by the end of the year. In this new aisle,
customers will be able to choose from more than 700 plastic-free products, in-
cluding chocolate, rice, meat, cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables. Sian Sutherland,
co-founder of the British environmental campaign group, A Plastic Planet, said
that this launch represented “a landmark moment for the global fight against
plastic pollution”.

plastic-free without plastic / aisle here, section of goods in a supermarket / branch shop, outlet / chain chainstore,
franchise / environmental campaign group organisation to protect the environment / launch here, inauguration /
landmark decisive moment, historical turning point.
Military Shake-up
Following a decree issued
by King Salman in
February, women are
now allowed to serve in
Saudi Arabia’s armed
forces. After the decree
was issued, women had a
(Tasneem Alsultan/The New York Times)
(Istock)
Toilet Paper Rush
Taiwan was struck by panic buying of toilet
paper after producers announced the cost
of this commodity would increase between
10 and 30% from mid-March onwards due
to an international rise in pulp prices. After
the announcement, consumers rushed to
supermarkets across Taiwan’s major cities
to stock up on toilet paper. Many
hypermarkets, supermarkets and online
retailers ran out. Online retailer PChome

few days to apply for
military positions that
involved security work
but not combat. The
applicants had to meet a
list of twelve
requirements, including a
high school degree and
the permission of a male
guardian.
shake-up reorganisation / decree legal decision / to issue here to publish / to apply to offer oneself as a candidate / to
involve to comprise, consist of / applicant candidate / requirement condition, criteria / high school degree diploma
from secondary school / guardian responsible adult.
reportedly sold five million packs of toilet
paper in three days. Taiwan’s Ministry of
Economic Affairs released a statement to
calm people down, saying that it would
watch the situation on behalf of consumers.
rush a sudden simultaneous or general movement /
commodity product / from mid-March onwards as of
the middle of March / pulp here, cellulose / to rush to
hurry, move quickly / to stock up to buy in quantity and
store up for future use / online retailer internet company
selling goods / to run, ran, run out here, to be out of stock
/ reportedly apparently, supposedly / to release to
make public, broadcast, publish etc / statement
declaration, message / on behalf of in the name of, for.

16 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018

 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

Voilà le printemps
Voici revenu le temps des chants d’oiseaux, du doux parfum
des fleurs et des chaudes soirées avec les amis qui
s’éternisent… Si vous vous sentez l’âme d’un poète, cette
page est faite pour vous…

Vocabulaire clé
bee abeille migratory bird oiseau
birdsong chant d’oiseau migrateur
blossom fleurir (v), fleur (sur mimosa mimosa

(ISTOCK)
un arbre) (nm) orchid orchidée
bud bourgeon petal pétale
bug insecte picnic pique-nique
Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur le
bush, shrub arbuste pistil pistil CD lecture et son commentaire sur la partie
carnation œillet pollen pollen basique du CD conversation.
daffodil jonquille rabbit lapin CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
daisy marguerite root racine
Easter Pâques
egg œuf
rose rose
sap sève
Bon à savoir
flower fleur scent parfum, senteur Pâques n’est pas représenté par les cloches dans les
geranium géranium seed graine pays anglo-saxons. On retrouve cependant le lapin de
gillyflower giroflée Spring printemps Pâques (Easter rabbit) qui apporte des œufs en
grass herbe stamen étamine
chocolat.
grow pousser stem, stalk tige
Le printemps est le moment où les festivals célébrant le
retour des beaux jours se multiplient. Au Royaume-Uni,
heat chaleur tulip tulipe ne manquez pas les incontournables célébrations du
iris iris violet violette May Day, le 1er mai, héritées d’anciennes traditions
ladybug coccinelle warm chaud, doux païennes anglo-saxonnes. Les festivités incluent
notamment l’élection d’une reine de mai (May Queen) et
leaf feuille wasp guêpe
des danses autour du maypole, grande tige en bois
lilac lilas wreath couronne (de fleurs) plantée dans le terre et ornée de fleurs et de rubans.
lilly of the valley muguet

Expressions à retenir
Spring is coming! Le printemps arrive !
It’s Springtime! C’est le printemps !
I’m so happy Spring is here! Je suis tellement heureux que le
printemps soit là !
One swallow does not make a summer. Une hirondelle ne fait pas
le printemps (l’été en anglais).
Cast not a clout before May is out. En avril, ne te découvre pas
d’un fil (avant mai en anglais).
March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers. Les
vents de mars et les pluies d’avril font venir les fleurs de mai
(proverbe anglais).
Testez-vous
Dites-le avec des fleurs ! Associez chaque
couleur de fleur avec une signification :
1) red a- joy, happiness
2) green b- gentleness, secrecy
3) orange c- purity, respect, consolation
4) purple d- passion, love
5) white e- deception
6) yellow f- hope
SOLUTIONS : 1-d ; 2-f ; 3-a ; 4-b ; 5-c ; 6-e.

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 17

 En partenariat avec

PRATIC’ABLE  / Grammaire

Mots composés
Piqûre de rappel
Dans un mot composé le premier
élément permet de préciser le sens
du second. Le premier mot ne se met
jamais au pluriel car il joue le rôle
d’adjectif.
 Adjectifs composés avec verbe
Verbe en – ING  sens actif
A hard-working student  a student
who works hard (un étudiant qui
travaille dur)
Verbe en – ED  sens passif. Ce
sont des adjectifs formés avec le
participe passé, régulier ou
irrégulier.
A stress-related illness  an illness
related to stress (une maladie liée au
stress)
A home-made cake  a cake made at
home (un gâteau fait maison)
La règle et les exercices de cette page sont extraits de
l’ouvrage Petite grammaire anglaise de l'écrit et de l'oral de
Sylvie Persec (niveau collège et lycée) aux Editions Ophrys
1 Complétez les mots 2 Comment prononcer
composés. les mots composés ?
1. J ohn has dark hair  John is a En général on accentue le
dark-............... boy. premier mot, qui restreint et
2. The company makes a profit  It’s précise le sens du deuxième.
a profit-............... company. Lorsque les mots apportent des
3. This room has air-conditioning  indications tout aussi
importantes les unes que les
This room is air-............... .
autres, ils sont accentués de
4. It’s a story that never ends  It’s a
never-............... story façon identique.
5. H  er dress was made by hand  She Surlignez les termes à accentuer
was wearing a hand-............... dress. dans ces mots composés :
6. I t wasn’t a new car  It was a a bus stop, an airport, a policeman
second-............... car. a blue-eyed girl, a half-price ticket,
7. A machine for washing clothes  A
it was half price, they’re old-
............... machine.
fashioned
8. Signs along the road giving
instructions to motorists  a Sunday paper, a toy car, New York
............... signs. City
6.second-hand 7.washing machine 8.road signs old-fashioned, a Sunday paper, a toy car, New York City

 Adjectifs composés sans verbe

3.air-conditioned 4.never-ending 5.hand-made eyed girl, a half-price ticket, it was half price, they’re
SOLUTIONS : 1.dark-haired 2.profit-making SOLUTIONS : a bus stop, an airport, a policeman, a blue-
Adjectif + nom -ED
A long-haired girl  a girl with long
hair (une fille aux cheveux longs)
Expression de l’âge
A twenty year-old girl  a girl who is
twenty years old (une fille de vingt
ans)
 Noms composés
Le premier élément permet de
préciser la fonction ou certaines Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr
caractéristiques de la personne ou
de l’objet placé en seconde
position.
1. What does he do? A window-
cleaner  he cleans windows (un
laveur de carreaux)
2. What is it for? A letter-box  a box
for letters (une boîte aux lettres)

Cette page a été réalisée

en partenariat avec OPHRYS
Remise 5 % avec le code promo VOCPRA
sur www.ophrys.fr

18 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018

 / Prononciation Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

JOAN GREENWOOD

Soignez votre orthographe !

Le saviez-vous ?
1 Complétez chaque mot avec -ous, -uous, -eous ou -ious Dans l’article "New
obsequ-------- ambig-------- simultan-------- Orleans"
illustr-------- humor-------- vigor-------- page 22 § 7 on parle de

intraven-------- right-------- superfl-------- “the city’s dark

glamor-------- notor-------- conspic-------- underbelly”.
fastid-------- sumpt-------- naus-------- En anatomie, the
aqu-------- underbelly est le bas-
aqueous, simultaneous, nauseous, righteous, obsequious, illustrious, notorious, fastidious ventre, uniquement utilisé
pour les animaux.
SOLUTIONS : ambiguous, superfluous, conspicuous, sumptuous, vigorous, glamorous, humorous, intravenous,

“Belly” (ventre) n’est

2 Tendez l’oreille également utilisé que
Trouvez les mot correspondant à chaque définition.
pour parler des animaux.
Chaque mot contient le son “o” comme dans “hope”.
Attention, les définitions ne sont pas dans l’ordre – à vous de trouver le bon En plaisantant, on peut
emplacement sur la grille de réponses!
parfois dire de quelqu’un
1. money you borrow 7. catchy short phrases
2. possessor 8. what a river does qu’il a un “beer belly”.
3. close to your neighborhood 9. not closed Pour les humains on parle
4. cold like ice 10. by yourself
5. small rocks 11. not fast de stomach ou tummy.
6. areas or limited regions 12. gotten bigger Stomach désigne aussi
l’estomac :
L - - - -
Z - - - - to go to bed on an empty
S - - - stomach (se coucher avec
O - - - -
le ventre vide).
L - - -
F - - - -
F - - - - -
S - - - - -
S - - - - - -
O - - -
A - - - -
G - - - -
sur www.vocable.fr
Agnihic te maion non pa earum volorem
eriatur eiusdae que corest quatia cori.
SOLUTIONS : 1. loan 2. owner 3. local 4. frozen 5. stones 6. zones7. slogans 8. flows 9. open 10. alone 11. slow 12. grown

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE  / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 Complétez la grille 5 mots à mémoriser
Pour vous aider, tous les mots contiennent le son [ow] comme dans WOW!,
sauf ceux dont les indices sont inscrits en bleu.
dans ce numéro
1 half-baked qui ne tient pas
  2 debout
3 4   5   groundbreaking révolutionnaire
6             crackdown mesures de
7       8       répression 
9       10     11
trailblazing innovateur
12         13          
14             15  
swampland marécages
    16          
     
1. o
 pposite of up 17            
L'expression idiomatique
2. not many    
Shadow ou Shade ?
3. a dark colour 18          
 shadow (ombre)
4. like a circle    
5. w hat a lemon tastes like
I could see his shadow on the wall  je
voyais son ombre sur le mur
6. t o look around shops or the Internet 11. m
 ore than a hundred
in the shadow of Hollywood movies
7. A fro-American slang for brother 12. smaller than a city
(page 28 § 3) dans l’ombre des films
8. the present 13. a fish that inspired Schubert 14. d’Hollywood
9 (across).belonging to you and me something you can hear
he was standing in the shadow il se
9 (down). A prefix used to form verbs in front 15. not courageous 16. a lot of people tenait dans l’ombre
of “number”, “weigh”, “grow”, for example 17. headgear for royalty
in the shadows  dans l’obscurité,
10. the one in Pisa leans 18. not right dans les ténèbres
11.thousand 12.town 13.trout 14.sound 15.coward 16.crowd 17.crowns 18.wrong shadow play spectacle d’ombres
SOLUTIONS : 1.down 2.few 3.brown 4.round 5.sour 6.browse 7.bro 8.now 9(across).our 9(down).out 10.tower chinoises
D’autres expressions:
without a shadow of doubt  sans
2 Les homonymes l’ombre d’un doute
Trouvez le mot qui correspond aux deux définitions. not a shadow of truth  pas le
moindre atome de vérité
little animal that makes some shadow cabinet cabinet fantôme
people scream ...... .. ........ tool to guide a cursor
he is the shadow Foreign Secretary 
at the top of your body ...... .. ........ to be in charge il est le porte-parole de l’opposition
an overview of what you the silhouette or shape of pour les Affaires étrangères
intend to do ...... .. ........ something  shade (l’ombre, mais avec le sens
to pull in order to make de protection contre la lumière)
something bigger ...... .. ........ area of land or water She sat in the shade because it was
the entrance hall of a building to try to persuade a group too hot in the sun (elle s’est mise à
such as a hotel ...... .. ........ to act differently l’ombre puisqu’il faisait trop chaud au
an amount or number ...... .. ........ the shape of your body soleil)
to succeed in doing something to control or organize a shades (US: lunettes de soleil)
difficult ...... .. ........ group or a project a lampshade (un abat-jour)
SOLUTIONS : mouse, head, outline, stretch, lobby, figure, manage

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : Les associations/ les clubs

20 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018

Enjeux I Démocratie I
THE ECONOMIST
NEW ORLEANS’S CONTROVERSIAL
CLEAN-UP
New cleaned up version of New Orleans sparks debate
Bourbon Street is one of the most emblematic streets in New Orleans. It is as famous for its French inspired architecture as for its
bars, music and striptease venues. However, for several months, officials have put measures in place to curb prostitution and create
I
a more respectable environment. Does this hide another agenda and how do the locals feel about these changes?
t was supposed to be a triumphant an-
nouncement, made only days before Mar-
di Gras, New Orleans’s signature celebration. A
long-awaited repaving of the busiest blocks of
Bourbon Street, the city’s most famous thor-
oughfare, was finally complete. But the news
conference organised by city and tourism offi-
cials on January 31st was hijacked by a band of
strippers and their supporters, protesting a
crackdown on clubs at what is usually the
busiest time of the year.
1. triumphant victorious, exultant, triumphal /
announcement notification / signature characteristic,
emblematic, famous / long-awaited expected for a long
time / repaving resurfacing / busy with a lot of activity,
crowded / block area of houses enclosed by intersecting
roads / thoroughfare avenue, boulevard / official person
in charge, representative / to hijack to take over (seize
control), here, interupt / stripper dancer performing
striptease / crackdown repressive measures.
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
There are thirteen strip clubs around Bourbon Street. (Patrick Frilet/SIPA)
NEW LAWS FOR THE CITY
2. In recent months eight of the 13 strip clubs
around Bourbon Street have had their liquor li-
cences taken—temporarily, in most cases—after
authorities said they discovered violations such
as prostitution and drug-dealing on undercover
visits. Three clubs have closed permanently.
3. The dragnet comes as the city wrestles with
several changes. They include a law that requires
strippers to be aged at least 21 and a plan to
shrink the city’s number of adult-entertainment
venues. Residents are also debating a new secu-
2. liquor licence permit to sell alcohol / violation infraction,
here, illegal activity / drug-dealing selling/trafficking of illegal
substances / undercover engaged in a clandestine/secret
police operation.
3. dragnet roundup, raid, here, police operation / to wrestle
with to struggle with, debate about, grapple with / to shrink,
shrank, shrunk to reduce /
rity plan proposed by Mitch Landrieu, the outgo-
ing mayor, who wants to create a city-wide
network of about 1,500 video cameras that would
be monitored by law enforcement. Every bar
room in the city would be required to have one.
The city has begun installing dozens of cam-
eras along the parade routes for Mardi Gras,
which falls this year on February 13th, and
other heavily trafficked areas.
AN IDENTITY CRISIS
4. These changes have given New Orleans,
which is justifiably proud of its libertine nature, >>>
venue place / outgoing who is about to leave a postition /
mayor head of a city government / to monitor to observe,
watch / law enforcement here, the police / heavily
trafficked crowded, populated, frequently used.
4. justifiably understandably, with good reason / proud
feeling pleased and satisfied about sth /
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 21
 Enjeux I Démocratie I
>>> something of an identity crisis. In this free- POLITICAL HYPOCRISY?
wheeling city the giddy brass-band anthem “Do
Whatcha Wanna” serves as unofficial civic
motto alongside the more genteel “Laissez les
bons temps rouler.”
5. New Orleans is also one of America’s most
dangerous cities. But campaigners say that au-
thorities are eliding efforts to make the city
safer with a cosmetic clean-up that will strip it
of character.  In 2014 a Carnival parade dubbed
“Dizneylandrieu” sent up the sanitised vision of
New Orleans that some believe the mayor and
other leaders would like to present to the world.
Critics discern a plan to imitate New York’s
makeover of Times Square, once a haven of peep
shows and adult theatres, and now the most
family-friendly of destinations. Hence the ban-
ners waved by strippers at the protest in January
reading, “It’s Bourbon Street, not Sesame Street.”
freewheeling here free, independent / giddy dizzy /
brass-band group of musicians that play brass (e.g.
trumpet and trombone) and percussion instruments /
anthem hymn / whatcha contraction of what + you /
wanna = want to / motto short phrase to express a
principle or ideal / genteel distinguished and elegant.
5. campaigner active supporter of a cause / to elide to
omit, here, avoid / cosmetic decorative, aesthetic,
superficial / to strip of to deprive of / character
personality / to dub to call, nickname / sanitised cleaned
up, toned down / to discern to see, here, predict /
makeover image transformation / haven paradise, here,
enclave / peep show erotic, pornographic show / theatre
here, cinema / hence and so, for this reason / banner
poster, sign / to wave to brandish, hold and move from
side to side / protest demonstration / Sesame Street 1,
rue Sésame (American TV series for children).
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Ou faut-il placer
l'apostrophe+s du
possessif ?
- après la dernière lettre d'un mot
singulier
 the crackdown's detractors (§ 6)
 the city's culture (§ 9)
- après le s final d'un mot qui se
termine en s
 New Orleans's clean-up (titre)
Notez que l'on peut écrire également
New Orleans' clean-up, Charles'
house ... etc
Pour un mot au pluriel on met
seulement une apostrophe sans
ajouter de s.
Exemple : workers' rights (et non
workers's rights).
22 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1 Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
6. The crackdown's detractors argue that it is
fraudulent. Though authorities frame it as a
strike against sex trafficking, the strippers note,
PROFESSEURS
correctly, that no one has yet been charged with
that crime. Instead, police and regulators cited
D’ANGLAIS
club operators for offences that do not shock
most New Orleanians—allowing drug-dealing
and inappropriate touching on the premises and
strippers to parade around half-naked while not Jeu-concours
on stage.
7. The strippers also argue that a move purport-
CARNET DE VOYAGE :
edly made to protect women is instead depriving
them of their living. As one, writing under her
L’IRLANDE,
stage name Reese Piper, put it in a recent opinion
piece in the Advocate, Louisiana's biggest news-
DÉCOR DE CINÉMA
paper: “Many see strip clubs as a symptom of
the city’s dark underbelly, a place of exploitation
and abuse. But to me, they represent student
loan payments, education and freedom.”
8. Some dancers have said putting them out of
work may have the unintended consequence of
pushing them into prostitution. Lyn Archer, a
leader of the Bourbon Alliance for Responsible
Entertainers, says strippers would support a
genuine effort to crack down on human-traf-
ficking. But this crusade, she says, means that
topless dancing and isolated acts of prostitution
will be conflated with trafficking in the public
imagination. Gagnez un voyage
9. Richard Campanella, a geography professor at
Tulane University and author of a history of
scolaire en Irlande
Bourbon Street, says there is truth in the view pour votre classe !
that the sex trade has been intrinsic to New
Orleans. But the city also has “a long history of
trying to curtail it. Both are part of the city's Niveau :
culture, and my bet is that both will continue.” l collège
et lycée
6. to argue to affirm, assert, claim / fraudulent here,
deceitful, fallacious / to frame here, to present / strike
here, a measure to fight against / to charge sb with sthg
to accuse sb of (officially, legally) / regulators
organisation that officially controls an area of business or
industry / operator here person in charge / offence crime,
illegal act / premises site / stage raised platform in a
theatre etc where performance takes place.
7. move action, decision, initiative / purportedly supposedly
/ to deprive sb of to take sth away from sb / living
occupation or employment as means of support / opinion Inscription sur
piece section of a newspaper or magazine for opinions to be
expressed / underbelly hidden side / abuse maltreatment,
www.vocable.fr/carnetdevoyage
violence (sexual) / loan amount of money borrowed.
8. unintended unplanned, involuntary / genuine real, Date limite de participation le 30/04/18
sincere, authentic / to crack down on to repress, take firm
action against / topless with exposed breasts / to En partenariat avec
conflate to mix up, confuse.
9. view idea, opinion, belief / to be intrinsic to to be
inherent to / to curtail to reduce, restrict, limit / my bet
is... I predict, believe.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Échos
Brèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(SIPA)
A little gem of a
recording
Gil Cang, a London composer, has uploaded
an unreleased Amy Winehouse’s demo to
the Internet, which the singer recorded
when she was 17. The newly released track,
titled “My Own Way”, was co-written by Gil
Cang and James McMillan for the singer, and
was sent to numerous record labels when
Amy Winehouse started out in the industry.
“I’ve had it knocking about for so long. I
found it again last week and thought - I’ll
put it out there so people could hear it,” Gil
(SIPA) Cang said about the track.
gem jewel, «pearl», exquisite thing / recording audio
preservation on cassette, disc or computer / to upload

A fairy tale cast to put online / unreleased not made public / demo
demonstration, music sample / track here, song / to
title to call, give a name to / record label company
The Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group has announced that Quentin Taranti- that promotes and sells music / to knock about to be
around, here, to be in one’s possession.
no’s next film will be titled Once Upon a Time in Hollywood and will star Brad Pitt
and Leonardo DiCaprio. The story takes place in Los Angeles in 1969 and focuses
on the former star of a western TV series (Leonardo DiCaprio) and his stunt dou-
ble (Brad Pitt). Sony Pictures will release the film worldwide on August 9, 2019.
“I’ve been working on this script for five years, as well as living in Los Angeles
County most of my life, including in 1969, when I was seven years old. I’m very
excited to tell the story of an LA and a Hollywood that don’t exist anymore,” Tar-
antino stated.
fairy tale implausible but entertaining story, often written for children / cast list of actors and actresses / to star to have
(SIPA)
in the principal role / to focus on to revolve around / former previous, past / stunt double stand in, body double, skilled
replacement used for dangerous film or video sequences / to release (of film) to come out, show for the first time / script
screenplay / county administrative division of a state in the US / to state to declare.
Catholic fashion
The Vatican will loan around 40
Censorship ecclesiastical items to the Metropolitan
Museum of Art of New York for its Heavenly
In South Africa, the Film and Publication Board Bodies fashion exhibition opening next May.
has reclassified the movie Inxeba(The Wound) These pieces include a papal tiara
with the same rating given to pornographic films. comprising 18,000 diamonds. Some of
The movie is now banned in the country. Inxeba them have never left the Vatican’s sacristy
tells the story of a factory worker who, once a before. They will be shown alongside 140
year, cares for young men undergoing the garments from the world’s most famous
(Pyramide Films)

circumcision ritual, and falls in love with another fashion houses (Versace, Chanel...).
male caretaker. It was shortlisted for the 2018
Oscars, in the foreign-language category, and fashion popular style of clothes / to loan to lend /
has won several international awards. item article / heavenly celestial / exhibition public
display, show / piece article / tiara jeweled headdress
censorship act of examining and removing information which authorities do not wish to be made public for political reasons / / to comprise to feature, be made up of / alongside
board committee, commission / Inxeba (VF) Les Initiés / rating classification / to ban to prohibit / factory worker manual together with / garment article of clothing / fashion
labourer in a manufacturing facility / to care for to look after, take care of / to undergo, went, gone to submit to, go through / house haute couture designer label.
caretaker person employed to look after another person / to shortlist to select / award prize, honour, distinction.

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 23

Culture I Sortie Netflix I ETATS-UNIS I  C2

Jennifer Jason Leigh, Natalie Portman, Tuva Novotny, Tessa Thompson

LOS ANGELES TIMES JEN YAMATO and Gina Rodriguez in Annihilation. (Peter Mountain)

NATALIE PORTMAN, GINA

RODRIGUEZ, TESSA THOMPSON
AND THE SCI-FI SISTERHOOD
BEHIND 'ANNIHILATION'
Annihilation and its wonder women (sci-fi = science-fiction / sisterhood
solidarity between women, sorority)
On March 12, Netflix presented the long awaited science-fiction film, Annihilation; a loose adaptation of Jeff
Vandermeer’s eponymous novel by director, Alex Garland (Ex Machina, 28 jours plus tard). Its three star
actresses discuss the filming of this little gem and the importance of female solidarity.

24 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

O n screen in the sci-fi odyssey "An-
nihilation," an expedition ventures
deep into a foreboding terrain known only as
Area X, carrying guns and harboring mounting
suspicions about one another. These soldiers
— a psychologist (Jennifer Jason Leigh), a bi-
ologist (Natalie Portman), a paramedic (Gina
Rodriguez), a physicist (Tessa Thompson) and
an anthropologist (Tuva Novotny) — enter what
is about to become a living, breathing night-
mare, an environmental disaster zone without
scientific explanation, as filtered through the
mind of "Ex Machina" director Alex Garland,
adapting the first book in Jeff VanderMeer's
"Southern Reach" trilogy.  Natalie Portman as Lena in Annihilation. (Peter Mountain)
COMPLEX FEMALE
CHARACTERS
2. The fact that they're all complex and dimen-
sional female characters is at once trailblazing
and, refreshingly, perfectly normalized. "Each
of the women have their own destructive be-
havior," said Portman, who brings steely inten-
sity to the role of Lena, the biologist with her
own reasons for volunteering for the dangerous
mission. "I find that so beautiful. That's the
greatest science fiction, when the psychological
becomes externalized.  Reach, marked by the beauty and horrors of
3. "And to have five women at the center of this
expedition — we're so used to seeing five men
going and doing something together, it's not
even questioned why it's always all men. To
give that same kind of attitude to five women
is really unique."  posits. Its approach, however, is one of empathy.
4. The sisterhood struck on the London set of
"Annihilation" is still strong between Portman,
Rodriguez and Thompson, reunited in a suite
at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel ahead of the
film's Los Angeles world premiere. Sitting side
1. onscreen à l'écran / odyssey odyssée / to venture
s’aventurer / foreboding inquiétant / to harbor (US) =
to harbour (GB) nourrir, entretenir / mounting
grandissant / suspicion soupçon, ici méfiance /
paramedic auxiliaire médical / physicist physicienne /
breathing ici, éveillé / nightmare cauchemar / disaster
zone zone sinistrée / as filtered through the mind of...
interprétée par l'imagination de... / Ex Machina film de
science-fiction (2015) / Southern Reach Trilogy trilogie
du Rempart Sud.
2. dimensional qui a du relief, de la profondeur / at once
à la fois / trailblazing pionnier, avant-gardiste / steely
inflexible, dur, aussi, déterminé / to volunteer se porter
volontaire.
3. to question remettre en question.
4. to strike, struck, struck se nouer, opérer / set plateau
(de tournage) / ahead of avant / premiere projection en
avant-première / premiere first showing (of a film) /
Une suggestion ? écrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
by side on a couch with their legs curled up, the
camaraderie came flooding back in waves of
laughter and mutual admiration. "I feel like
['Annihilation'] is the kind of movie where if
you've seen it only once you haven't seen it,"
said Thompson.
5. Part philosophical sci-fi, part psychedelic-
existential fever dream, "Annihilation" pulses
with the looming unease of the unknown. That
unknown lurks in the darkness of the vast
swamplands and marshes of the Southern
nature run amok, and perhaps more disturb-
ingly in the disquiet of confronting those same
mysteries within oneself.  graph a memorable third-act sequence of
AN INTENSE TRAINING
6. Self-destruction is in our DNA, the film
And the journeys the three stars went on in
search of their characters, expanded in col-
laboration with Garland from the sparsely
detailed counterparts in VanderMeer's book,
had profound and lasting effects.  Shimmer." "There was something in it that I
7. Portman, who moved her family near the
Pinewood Studios production during filming,
couch sofa / to curl up to adopt a position with the legs
close to the body / to come, came, come flooding back
to suddenly feel an emotion again very intensely / wave
sudden feeling / laughter expression of happiness and
amusement.
5. fever dream hallucinations provoked by a fever / to
pulse to beat, to vibrate / looming imminent / unease
malaise, disquietude / unknown unexplored, unfamiliar /
to lurk to hide (in the shadows) / swampland marshland,
wetland / marsh wetland / to run, ran, run amok to
become uncontrollable / disturbingly worryingly /
disquiet uneasiness.
6. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid (carrier of genetic
characteristics) / to posit to put forward a proposition /
journey voyage / in search of looking for, in a quest for /
sparsely detailed described in little detail / counterpart
equivalent person / lasting continuing for a long time.
responded to the melancholic interrogation
Lena embarks on as she pushes farther into
Area X while reflecting on a broken marriage
(Oscar Isaac, reuniting with "Ex Machina"
helmer Garland, plays her husband). "Alex
brought the [idea of] self-destructive behavior,
and defining the destruction of a marriage as
part of that," she said. "You could call it moral-
istic, but I found it very moving — that it is
destructive, hurting someone that you love
very deeply." The physicality of the shoot de-
manded Portman know her way around a
military-issue machine gun and train with
visionary dancer Bobbi Jene, whom Garland
hired on Isaac's recommendation to choreo-
movement. 
CHARACTERS AND
PERSONAL LIFE
8. Thompson found a deep connection to her
character Josie's growing link with the muta-
tions the group encounters as they get closer
to the inexplicable veil of energy known as "The
was really struck by in the destruction of the
Earth, of how we treat the other things that are
not human — the planet," she said. "At a certain
point with the destruction that we do, we will
not have the technology to undo it or to even
understand it."  >>>
7. to embark on to begin / to push farther to force one’s
way further / to reflect to think about / helmer director /
physicality physical activity / shoot filming / to demand
to require / to know, knew, known one’s way around to
know how to use / military-issue from the army /
machine gun automatic firearm that gives continuous
rapid fire / to train to prepare oneself physically / to hire
to employ / third-act in the third part of the film.
8. to encounter to come across / veil screen which
separates/hides, curtain / The Shimmer Area X / at a
certain point at one moment in time.
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 25
 Culture I Sortie Netflix I ETATS-UNIS I  C2

>>> 9. Rodriguez's character Anya, a paramedic with A NEW GOAL

a physical swagger, has an outgoing personality 11. The trio found themselves linking up again
that masks her own addictive personality and after "Annihilation" with a very different goal:
deep-seated fears — a theme that resonates in Combating sexual harassment across indus- SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Rodriguez's own life. "I didn't realize how much tries, including their own, as founding signa-
of my personal draw to the character was her tories of the Time's Up movement this year. "I Un mot qui a changé de
reason for going into The Shim- feel like it's a continuation of the sens:
mer," she admitted. "Her reason sisterhood we started on this
for going on a suicide mission
"It was really movie," Portman said of her
"It was really awesome" (§ 11) a
maintenant le sens de super! génial!
was running away from her past awesome to get friendship with Thompson and alors que précédemment ce mot
and her addictive personality, to experience Rodriguez. "It was really awe- signifiait quelque chose de terrifiant,
her addictions, and her fear of each other in a some to get to experience each d'impressionnant ou d'imposant.
mental illness, and her fear of new light; as other in a new light; as col- Comparez "terrible" en anglais qui
losing control of herself.  colleagues, and leagues, and then friends, and veut dire atroce, effroyable alors que
"terrible" en français peut aussi avoir
then friends, and then fellow activists."  le sens de super! génial!
10. "I'm always battling the idea then fellow
of mental health," Rodriguez con- activists." 12. Both Thompson and Rodri-
tinued. "My fear of it personally, guez cheer Portman's Golden
the history of mental health in my Globes moment this year when,
family, and not ever really facing it because in my presenting the director category during the live 13. But Portman downplayed her onstage ges-
culture we don't really talk about mental health. I telecast, she went off script to point out the ture as just one of the many ways the hundreds
got to actually enter my own fear as an actor." Also absence of any female directing nominees "I've of members of the Time's Up movement are
tantalizing for Rodriguez was the chance to step got a video of it, girl!" said Rodriguez. trying to effect change: "If you look around the
outside her popular "Jane the Virgin" TV alter ego. room and everyone looks like you, there's a
"Being able to play this very outwardly unafraid problem and not only should it feel weird, but
badass … was so dope," she said.  you need to do something about it. 
11. sexual harassment inappropriate and unwelcome
sexual behaviour usually with threat and intimidation / 14. "I think a lot of us have had our eyes opened,"
9. swagger arrogance / outgoing extrovert / deep-seated signatory person/country that signs up to sth / Time’s
Up lit. «it’s over», initiative launched on January 1st, 2018 she added. "I speak for myself; I haven't always
deep-rooted / to resonate to evoke a feeling of shared
emotion/belief / draw attraction. by over 300 actresses, female scriptwriters, directors and had my eyes open. And it's an amazing, energiz-
10. to battle to fight/to struggle with / to face to confront / other women working in the film industry. / awesome ing, incredible feeling to be awakened to this,
extraordinary / fellow here, other.
actually in reality / tantalizing exciting and tempting / to even though it's a lot of ugly truths to try to
step outside to leave, to move away from / Jane the Virgin 12. to cheer to applaud and shout words of
American TV series created in 2014 / outwardly in appearance, encouragement to / telecast broadcast, transmission / to change — to change myself first and try to be
from the exterior / badass tough and aggressive person / dope go, went, gone off script to not follow a script / part of this cultural shift." 
here, cool. nominee candidate.
15. After the female-led "Annihilation," Portman,
Rodriguez and Thompson hope more films will
follow suit as Hollywood sees long overdue
SÉJOURS change in the way stories are told.
One vital next step, Rodriguez notes, will be
LINGUISTIQUES getting more underrepresented voices hired
behind the camera, and more diverse projects
& VACANCES backed, in a Hollywood that remains risk-
averse when it comes to making inclusive
JEUNES choices. l

13. to downplay to minimise (the importance of) /

onstage on the raised platform of a theatre / gesture
action, initiative / to effect to accomplish, to bring about /
weird strange, bizarre.
IM012100014

05 65 77 10 47 14. energizing invigorating / to be awakened to sth to

become aware of sth / ugly nasty, unpleasant / shift
www.verdiehello.com change.
15. female-led here, with women as the main characters /
to follow suit to do the same / overdue which should
have happened before / diverse varied / to back to
destinations support / risk-averse afraid of taking risks, too cautious.
humaines

26 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Culture I Cinéma I INDE I  C2

NIVEAUX BASIQUE ET AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

La journaliste indienne Aditi Tyagi nous donne son opinion sur l'industrie du
cinéma dans son pays.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3

India makes 1,500 to 2,000 movies a year. (John Marshall Mantel/The New York Times)
MINT, NEW DELHI LATA JHA

WHY 2018 MAY SEE A REVIVAL

OF INDIAN HORROR MOVIES
A return to horror for Bollywood in 2018?
Bollywood is famous for its lavish family-centred romantic musicals. Indian Journalist, Lata Jha, believes a renaissance of horror
films is the new genre for 2018. Several films are scheduled for release, not least, Stree, featuring two big Bollywood stars who
are working together for the first time.

T he Holi weekend next Friday will see

Anushka Sharma dabble with a genre
Bollywood doesn’t take to very often—horror—in
her home production Pari. Along with a horror
comedy called Stree, starring Rajkummar Rao
1. to see, saw, seen to observe / to dabble with to try, to
play around with sth / to take, took, taken to sth to be
fond of, to find sth easy, to adapt to / home here, national
/ along with together with, as well as / to star to have as
the principal actor/actress /
and Shraddha Kapoor, there are a bunch of re- 1921 and Tamil-Telugu horror thriller Bhagaam-
gional horror films scheduled for later this year, athie last month, Hollywood has supernatural
including Kanchana 3 (Tamil) and Karu (Telugu).  horror films like The Nun and A Quiet Place
ready too. Meanwhile, over-the-top (OTT) video
2. While the Indian horror movie scene has been streaming platforms like Amazon Prime Video >>>
heating up with the success of Vikram Bhatt’s
nun female member of a religious community / A Quiet
bunch group, here, series / to schedule to plan. Place Sans un bruit / meanwhile at the same time /
2. scene area of activity / to heat up to warm up, here, to over-the-top distribution of audio/video and media
intensify, to become more active / services directly to the consumer over the internet
via streaming /

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 27

 Culture
>>> and Viu have already gotten into the horror game you realized the Ramsay horror was really slightly less revenue than a comedy or a love
with shows like Shaitan Haveli and Gehraiyan.
The former is a satirical take on B-grade horror
movies, while the latter is a supernatural thrill-
er based on a couple whose relationship is chal-
lenged by dark forces.  8. Clearly though, that hasn’t deterred him, or
IN THE SHADOW OF HOLLYWOOD
MOVIES
3. For a country still relying on the Ramsays, a
group of seven brothers who produced more
than 30 horror films with sparse crews and
shoestring budgets during the 1980s, for its
primary horror inspiration, there is suddenly a
lot to look forward to in the genre.  6. But the genre faces other challenges too. “In- always done well for them in terms of interna-
4. “There was a change that came in the 1990s
with films like Ram Gopal Varma’s Raat,
where we started exploring the idea of taking
horror beyond the stereotypes of the putlas
(idols) and the chudails (witches) as we start-
ed getting exposed to Hollywood cinema,”
said Varun Thakur, writer of Amazon’s Shaitan
Haveli. “When you saw this paradigm shift,
to get, got, got into to enter, here, to become involved in
/ game here, sector, activity / show here, series / the
former... the latter the first (of two things mentioned)...
the second... / take interpretation / B-grade low-budget
movie / while at the same time as / to challenge to put
to the test / dark forces evil influences.
3. shadow area of darkness created by an object blocking
the light, here, dominating presence / to rely on to depend
on / sparse here, small (technical team) / crew team of
people working on a film / shoestring budget tight
budget, limited resources / to look forward to to be
enthusiastic about a future event.
4. to come, came, come to happen / to explore to
consider, to investigate / to take, took, taken to
transform / beyond apart from, other than / witch
woman with magical powers / paradigm shift change in
an established model/set of practices /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"there is suddenly a lot
to look forward to" (§ 3)
Petit rappel:
to look forward to something
(attendre quelque chose avec
impatience)
to look forward to doing something
(être impatient de faire quelque
chose)
Registre formel  I look forward to
meeting you (au plaisir de vous
rencontrer)
Registre informel  I'm looking
forward to seeing you again (j'ai
hâte de te revoir)
28 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
campy, though it was really interesting for the story that is all-encompassing,” Bhatt said. 
time it came in, but there were other stories
that you could explore, and the setting of those INSPIRATION FROM STREAMING
older films seemed ridiculous.”  PLATFORMS
5. Still, even towards the 2000s, in the name of the numerous emerging OTT platforms from
horror, most Indian films were simply remakes attempting horror stories. “The opportunity to
of Hollywood flicks. Even a superhit like Raaz, tell various stories through (services like) Prime
for example, Thakur said, was basically What Video is bringing a lot of creators forward with
Lies Beneath, a Harrison Ford and Michelle ideas and concepts that are in the face of super-
Pfeiffer film, punched with five songs.  natural thrillers, horror and such adjacent gen-
res,” said Vijay Subramaniam, director (content),
BIG CHALLENGES Amazon Prime Video, adding that horror has
dian audiences are basically divided into two. tional movie franchises like The Conjuring,
While the mass audience likes the more in-your- Paranormal Activity and, more recently, Anna-
face and easy to understand belle. “Web series lend them-
horror stories, those in the selves very well to this genre,
multiplexes like to be engaged The fact that you can keep customers en-
with their minds,” Vikram most horror gaged for a longer period of
Bhatt said. “So while we re- movies are adult time and build multiple story
spect the intelligence of the films restricts a arcs which is very liberating
audience, the question is how for a lot of creators.” 
to make holistically for the lot of the viewing
entire country. One way audience. 9. While Subramaniam said
would be to get a major star the great deal of VFX and
to do it, so that people come technical skill involved in put-
to see the star and then the story. A second way ting horror together has proven to be a challenge,
would probably be to have a simplistic story Thakur pointed to the focus on spectacle rather
without too many other emotional angles.”  than story, hoping that credible names like
Anushka Sharma will change that this year.
7. Plus, the fact that most horror movies are adult “While horror done well is very popular, if it’s
films restricts a lot of the viewing audience and half-baked, you’re not going to get anybody to
limits potential on satellite television. At the consume it. Unlike drama where you can get
same time, horror is a genre, Bhatt added, that engaged with any character track you fell in love
has a very loyal audience both ways. There are with, in horror you have to love the whole story,
some people who will always watch horror and otherwise you don’t have the customer’s atten-
some who never will. “There’s a huge percentage tion,” Subramaniam said. l
of people, especially women, who are extremely
scared of scary films and don’t want to pay for
slightly a little / revenue turnover, income, sales / to be
the nightmare. So it is always going to have all-encompassing to embrace everyone, to have a wide
appeal.
8. to deter to discourage, to dissuade / to attempt to try
/ through via / to bring, brought, brought forward to
campy stylistically exaggerated / though even if / time attract / in the face of in the context of / director person
period / setting place in which a film takes place. who is in charge of making a film / content here, digital
5. still all the same / towards here, in the later part of the media / to do, did, done well for sb to work well/to be a
1990s / flick film / basically essentially, simply / What success for sb / The Conjuring Conjuring: Les Dossiers
Warren / to lend, lent, lent oneself to to be suitable for
Lies Beneath Apparences / to punch with here, to
punctuate, to intersperse (with). a particular purpose / customer client, user.
9. a great deal of huge amount of / VFX = Visual Effects
6. to face to be confronted with / audience viewers,
spectators / in-your-face very obvious, direct / to be / skill competence, expertise / to be involved in to be
engaged with one’s mind to be intellectually stimulated required / to put, put, put together here, to create / to
/ holistically for mind, body and spirit, for everyone / way prove, proved, proved or proven to be to reveal to be /
method / major star famous actor/actress / so that in to point to to refer to, to draw attention to / focus centre
order that. of interest, objective / rather than as opposed to /
half-baked stupid, unrealistic, ill-conceived / to consume
7. both here, in two different ways / huge very high / to buy, to believe / unlike contrary to / character track
especially particularly / nightmare bad dream, torture, character development (character fictional person) / the
awful experience / whole... all the... / otherwise if not.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Découverte I Environnement I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1

Workers trim leaves from harvested cannabis buds at Harborside Farms in Salinas,
California. (Jim Wilson/The New York Times)

THE INDEPENDENT JOSH GABBATISS

HOW LEGAL MARIJUANA COULD

SAVE CALIFORNIA'S WILDLIFE
FROM TOXIC PESTICIDES
Could legalised marijuana production in California help to stop the use of
illegal pesticides? (wildlife flora and fauna)
On 1 January, 2018, California legalised the use of cannabis for recreational purposes. But the new legislation does not solve
another major problem the state has been dealing with for years, the massive use of unauthorised pesticides by cannabis

O
growers. Ecologists in California are issuing the alarm warning of the consequences.

n 1 January, Proposition 64 was
welcomed w it h open a r m s
and Happy New Year blunts by many Cali-
fornians. To bring in the new year, the state
had become the latest in the US to legalise
the drug for recreational use, following
years of partial legalisation for medical
purposes. Even before full legalisation
kicked in, California was already the can-
nabis capital of the US. “California pro-
duces the majority of the marijuana that the
US consumes, legal or illegal,” said  Dr
Mourad Gabriel, an ecologist at the Univer-
sity of California, Davis. >>>

1. blunt joint made with a cigar (instead of rolling paper) / to consume to use.
to bring, brought, brought in here, to celebrate / latest for... purposes for... reasons / to kick in to take effect, to
most recent / start, to come into effect /

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 29

 Découverte I Environnement I
>>> ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER
2. While this status has made California
popular among cannabis enthusiasts for
decades, it has been accompanied by a creep-
ing environmental disaster.  Hidden in
California’s extensive forests are thousands
of illegal cannabis farms. At these sites the
desire to maximise production and profit
and the need to grow in discrete areas that
are far from ideal for agriculture, has driv-
en growers to extreme measures. The lack
of oversight means many of these sites are
doused in toxic chemicals that are working
their way into the ecosystem and poisoning
California’s wildlife. “Overuse of pesticides
is just absolutely rampant,” said Dr Gabriel. 
3.As many cannabis growers are already
operating outside of the law, they do not feel
compelled to stick to state regulations con-
cerning chemicals and excessive use is not
2. disaster catastrophe / while although / to make,
made, made to render / among with / decade period of
ten years / creeping happening gradually /  to hide, hid,
hidden to conceal, to be out of view / extensive vast /
farm plantation / discrete separate / area place, zone /
to drive, drove, driven to push, to force / lack absence /
oversight supervision, management, control / to douse
to cover with a liquid / chemical substance / to work
one’s way into to gradually infiltrate / to poison to
pollute, to kill with poison / overuse excessive use /
rampant widespread/prevalent in an uncontrolled way.
3. as in view of the fact that / to operate to work /
outside of the law illegally / to compel to oblige, to
force / to stick, stuck, stuck to here, to respect /
regulations rules, laws /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"It could result in a
reduction in pesticide
use" (§ 7)
- could exprime une possibilité.
"It might result in a reduction in
pesticide use"
- might exprime une possibilité mais
un peu moins certaine qu’avec
could.
"It would result in a reduction in
pesticide use".
- would exprime une certitude.
30 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo
et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/vidéos-anglais
An installer puts in a drip irrigation line at Harborside Farms, a large marijuana grower in the Salinas
Valley, in California. (Jim Wilson/The New York Times) 
the only concern. On illegal farms run by 5.But as the cannabis industry seeks le-
cartels, scientists have found traces of fer- gitimacy, a chance presents itself for a
tilisers and pesticides like carbofuran that crackdown on the illegal chemicals that
have been banned in the US for years.  currently prop up much of California’s can-
nabis production and a move towards a
TOXIC CHEMICALS greener solution. “I talk to a lot of growers
4. In their work, Dr Gabriel and his col- who are permitted or who want to come into
leagues have found endangered owls and regulatory oversight and some of them are
weasel-like mammals called fishers show- seeking organic status, they want to be
ing signs of poisoning by rodenticides. sustainable,” said Dr Gabriel. 
These chemicals are applied to prevent rats
from eating sugar-rich cannabis sprouts and REGULATING THE INDUSTRY
when ingested they cause brain damage and 6. With legalisation, economics and market
internal bleeding. Besides working their pressure could ultimately “weed out the
way up the food chain and poisoning ani- majority” of black market cannabis produc-
mals, toxic chemicals are seeping into the tion, according to Dr Gabriel. This would
water supply. Here they have the potential pave the way for a state-wide cannabis
to harm more wildlife, as well as livestock industry that complies with chemical
and people.  regulations. However, the dissipation of
concern worry, preoccupation / to run, ran, run to manage
5. to seek, sought, sought here, to try to obtain /
/ fertiliser substance with nitrates which makes soil more
legitimacy legality / crackdown forceful regulation,
fertile / to ban to prohibit, to forbid.
4. work research, studies / owl nocturnal bird of prey /
repressive measures / currently at present, at the
moment / to prop up to support, to sustain / move
weasel-like animal which is similar to a weasel change in direction / to come, came, come into here, to
(carnivorous mammal with a long body, long tail, short legs
and brown fur) / mammal class of warm-blooded
start becoming, to be part of / regulatory legal / organic
produced without pesticides and fertilisers / sustainable
vertebrate with hair and mammary glands in the female / ecological.
fisher pekan / rodenticide substance used to kill rodents
6. economics financial aspects / pressure force,
(mammal such as a rabbit or rat with large incisors) / to
demands / ultimately in the end / to weed out to
apply to use / to prevent from (+ger.) to stop sth from /
eliminate (play on words with weed marijuana) /
sprout young plant / brain damage cerebral abnormality /
according to in the opinion of... / to pave the way for to
internal bleeding internal haemorrhaging /  besides in
prepare the way for / -wide extending/effective
addition to / to work one’s way up to gradually infiltrate /
throughout a certain region / to comply with to respect,
to seep into to pass gradually into / water supply here,
water source / to harm to damage, to poison / as well as in to conform to /
addition to / livestock farm animals.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

the black market will “not take place over-
night”. Dr Reggie Gaudino is chief science
officer at Steep Hill Labs, a medical can-
nabis research facility that aims to “em-
power cultivators, dispensaries, manufac-
turers and consumers with a transparent
understanding of science”.  cides?” Mr Frick asked. “The millions of
7. He says regulation of the industry, along
with proper enforcement and education on
alternative pest management methods,
could result in an overall reduction in pes-
ticide use.
8. According to Dr Gaudino, there is grow-
ing awareness about the need to protect the
environment while growing cannabis: “As
the industry matures the community does
become aware,” he explained. “There are
several movements in the industry towards
reducing the use of chemicals,” he said,
mentioning the Clean Green growing pro-
gramme, which allows growers to brand
their product as grown without pesticides
while still passing microbial testing. 
IT’S ALL ABOUT MONEY
9. However, some in the state are a little less
optimistic about the future of California’s
environment. Stephen Frick, assistant spe-
cial agent in charge of the Forest Service,
thinks the legalisation of cannabis can only
be bad news for the state’s wildlife. “I expect
more people moving into the state for the
sole purpose of marijuana production,” he
said. “We will see more people and more
marijuana production on both private and
public lands.” Instead of purely green inten-
tions, Mr Frick is concerned these new
growers have another motivation: money.
The issue, he said, is that the state lacks the
capacity to deal with those who grow their
to take, took, taken place to happen, to occur /
overnight from one day to the next / facility building,
centre, here, laboratory / to aim to to have as an objective
/ to empower to give influence, authority and power to /
manufacturer maker, producer.
7. along with together with / proper here, effective /
enforcement application of a law / pest animal/insect
that causes damage / to result in to lead to, to have as a
consequence, to result in / overall general, global.
8. awareness understanding, realisation / while at the
same time as / to mature to develop fully / several many
/ towards with the aim of / to allow to authorize / to
brand to classify, to label / microbial relating to
microbes.
9. it’s all about... it’s essentially a question of... / to
move into to come to live in / sole only, unique / both
each of two things / instead of rather than / issue
problem / capacity authority / to deal, dealt, dealt
with to take action against /
Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
cannabis using illegal chemicals. The stakes
are just too high.  but we have upwards of 13,000 unpermit-
10. “Who is going to enforce the pesticide
regulation in the state? What is the punish-
ment for those caught with illegal pesti-
dollars in illicit marijuana production here
in California far outweigh any fines im-
posed by the state for using these illegal
and/or legal pesticides in an unlawful man-
ner. “Until California gets serious about
making clean water and our environment
a priority over legalising marijuana, pesti-
cides will continue to be abused by growers
regardless of the impact
they have on our resourc-
es,” said Mr Frick.  and bring in a huge amount
Many have
BLACK MARKET VS referred to the
REGULATED IN- burgeoning
DUSTRY
11.In the densely forested cannabis
Humboldt county, on Cali-
fornia’s north-west coast,
economy as a
a report released in No- “green rush.”
vember revealed there are
around 15,000 grow sites.
Of these, only 2,300 have applied for legal
permits, of which only 91 were permitted.
“So that demonstrates clearly that the ma-
jority of cultivators on private lands still
want to be in the black market,” said Dr
Gabriel. “Probably because of the high
profit margin in the black market versus
the regulated industry.”  cious minerals. “What I would hate to
12. Dr Gabriel agrees there is a lack of capac-
ity to deal with the illegal cannabis growers
and their harmful chemicals. He estimates
there are no more than 300 biologists and
law enforcement agents hired to address the
problem of illegal pesticide use by the state’s
cannabis farmers.
stakes risks.
10. to enforce to ensure a law is respected / punishment
sanction, penalty / to catch, caught, caught to arrest /
to outweigh to be greater in number than / fine sum of
money paid as a penalty / unlawful illegal / to get, got,
got serious about to take sth seriously / clean water
drinking water / over above, here, as opposed to, instead
of / regardless of irrespective of.
11. county administrative division of a state in the US /
report study / to release to publish / around
approximately / to apply for to make a formal request for
/ profit margin profits, financial gain.
12. harmful toxic, dangerous / to hire to employ, to
recruit / to address to deal with, to focus on, to try to find
a solution to.
13. “That may seem like a lot of personnel,
ted grows that need to be inspected, en-
forced or eradicated in addition to the
permitted grows that need inspecting in
one county alone,” he said. With 58 coun-
ties in California, that’s a lot of farms that
require monitoring. 
14. “We can put regulations on the books,
but it’s the question of how you enforce
them, and how you standardise that enforce-
ment,” said Dr Gabriel. Many have referred
to the burgeoning cannabis economy as a
“green rush”, an opportunity for motivated
entrepreneurs to legitimise
a previously illegal practice
of money in the process.
However, Dr Gabriel warns
that unless proper atten-
tion and respect are paid to
t he env iron ment , t he
“green rush” analogy may
be accurate in a less posi-
tive way. 
15. “When we look at it as
conservationists, what we don’t want to
happen is something similar to the gold
rush,” he said. The gold rush brought enor-
mous wealth to California, but also brought
environmental devastation. Rivers were
dammed, land was torn up and forests were
logged to support the demand for the pre-
happen is that we bypass current environ-
mental regulations for short term mone-
tary gain.” l
13. to seem like to appear to be / upwards of more than
/ grow here, plantation / in addition to as well as.
14. to put, put, put on the books to write in official
financial records / burgeoning flourishing / rush large
influx of people to a region where sth has been discovered
/ previously before, in the past / to bring, brought,
brought in to earn, to make / huge enormous, colossal /
amount of money sum of money / in the process at the
same time / unless except if / to pay, paid, paid proper
attention to to give the required attention to / accurate
precise, exact / way sense.
15. conservationist ecologist / to happen to take place,
to occur / wealth riches, fortune / to dam to construct a
barrier across a river to control the flow of water / to tear,
tore, torn up to rip up, to destroy into pieces / to log to
cut down / to support to provide/maintain with / to
bypass to get round, to circumvent, to not respect.
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 31
 Bons plans I Langues

L’ANGLAIS
PROFESSIONNEL
PAR CAMILLE LARBEY

Si le marché du travail est une jungle, la maîtrise de l’anglais

demeure une précieuse boussole. Celle-ci permet d’améliorer son
employabilité, de favoriser sa mobilité professionnelle, mais
aussi de gagner en crédibilité et en confiance. Vocable vous
explique alors comment booster votre anglais professionnel.

LES FORMATIONS
Si vous optez pour des cours dans
l’une des nombreuses écoles de
langues, celles-ci demandent
souvent un niveau prérequis A2
ou B1. Ces formations à l’anglais
des affaires (à partir de 680€ les
30 heures chez British Council)
affichent généralement les mê-
mes objectifs d’un organisme à
l’autre : diriger une réunion, gérer
un conflit, mener une négocia-
tion, répondre au téléphone, etc.
Toutefois, certaines écoles propo-
sent des formations spécifiques
à un domaine d’activité précis.
Une douzaine de secteurs pro-
fessionnels —allant de la mode à
l’hôtellerie, en passant par le tou-
risme, le médical ou l’agriculture
— sont par exemple disponibles
chez Capital Formations en
cours à distance (entre 40 et 60€
de l’heure). Pour les apprenants
qui ne sont pas pressés et sa-
chant faire preuve d’une grande
autonomie, le CNED propose une
formation multi-supports (cours
imprimés et fichiers à téléchar-
ger) pour travailler de chez soi.
Accessible à partir d’un niveau
B1, elle dure à peu près 8 mois (à
partir de 259€).
LES SÉJOURS EN
IMMERSION
Là encore, les apprenants ont le
choix entre des formations gé-
néralistes (à partir de 959€ la
semaine à Londres chez You-
rewelcome) ou des séjours en
rapport avec votre métier. Ainsi,
chez Idealangue, les 2 semai-
nes à Bournemouth (dans le sud
de l’Angleterre) pour travailler
l’anglais de l’aviation sont propo-
sées à partir de 1500€. Mais il est
également possible d’effectuer
un séjour en immersion tout en
restant en France. Le Maison, si-
tué en Île-de-France, propose des
stages intensifs d’une semaine (à
partir de 1550€) pour redynamiser
son anglais professionnel. L’élève
devra réaliser un mini-business
plan fictif, permettant ainsi de
gagner en aisance et en fluidité.
LE BULATS ET TOEIC,
LA PREUVE DE SON
NIVEAU
Si vous souhaitez améliorer votre
anglais dans l’espoir de décrocher
un poste important, le passage
par la case test est indispensable.
Le TOEIC et le BULATS permet-
(Istock)
tent tous deux d’évaluer votre
capacité à travailler en anglais
et sont fréquemment demandés
par les recruteurs. Le premier,
d’1h30, est constitué de 200 ques-
tions (à partir de juin prochain
certaines questions du format
actuel du test évoluent pour re-
fléter au mieux l'évolution de
l'utilisation de la langue actuelle),
tandis que le second, d’une durée
de 2h30, adapte les questions
au niveau de chaque candidat.
Le score final correspond à un de-
gré de compétence précis : A2, B1,
B2, etc. Les organismes proposent
différents séjours de formation à
ces tests. Le Centre d’Echanges
Internationaux organise, par
exemple, un séjour d’une semaine
(à partir de 605€) à Londres avec
des cours intensifs axés sur la

32 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018


préparation au TOEIC. Activa
Langues a mis en place un séjour
d’une semaine (à partir de 440€),
à Cork, en Irlande, pour se fami-
liariser aux épreuves du BULATS.
LES MÉTHODES
INTÉGRALES
Assimil a publié l’Anglais des affai-
res (69,90€), un pavé de 600 pages
et 4 CD où vous suivez les pas
d’une jeune universitaire anglai-
se qui vous entraînera à faire des
affaires dans la langue de Bill
Gates grâce à une cinquantaine
de dialogues. Attention, l’ouvrage
est à destination des élèves con-
firmés. De son côté, Harrap’s a
mis au point une méthode inté-
grale également intitulée L’Anglais
des affaires (34,90€), constituée de
2 CD et d’un livre de 300 pages
regroupant des points de vocabu-
laire, des explications grammati-
cales, des exercices divers et des
activités interactives. Début 2018,
Nathan a publié une nouvelle
mise à jour de sa méthode Anglais
des affaires / anglais professionnel
(29,90€), un livre de 420 pages
assorti d’un CD. Cette méthode
se découpe en 4 parties : com-
munication, réunion, voyages et
des annexes où l’on retrouve les
distinctions de vocabulaire entre
l’anglais et l’américain.
LES OUVRAGES
La célèbre collection à la couver-
ture jaune et noire a publié un
volume consacré à L’anglais des
affaires pour les nuls (6,95€), guide
de conversation de 190 pages. Les
éditions First ont compilé dans
un livre de poche 1000 expressions
pour travailler en anglais (2,99€).
Ce couteau-suisse permet de re-
trouver rapidement les formu-
les correctes pour répondre au
téléphone, réserver une salle de
conférences, réclamer une facture
ou demander un devis. Chez Ma-
rabout, Travailler en anglais (6,50€)
contient tout le vocabulaire et les
tournures de phrases pour abor-
der les situations courantes. Tou-
jours en format poche, L’anglais des
affaires (4,80€), chez Gualino Edi-
tions, regroupe 9 fiches sur des
points précis : tenir une réunion,
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
rédiger un rapport ou manier des
données chiffrées. Pour les étu-
diants en BTS, Nathan propose
un Vocabulaire d’anglais des affaires
(11,90€) et Sup’Foucher a publié
un Anglais des affaires (26,40€) pour Anglais des affaires
les élèves de BTS, IUT et LMD en Cours sur mesure pour des
école de commerce. progrès rapides et ciblés
POUR TRAVAILLER
CHEZ-SOI
Lire la presse est évidemment un
excellent exercice pour travailler
sa compréhension écrite. Pour
découvrir les derniers rebondis-
sements du Brexit ou connaître CONTACTEZ-NOUS
les secrets du succès d’Amazon ou INT146_Advert - Vocable-p4p.pdf 1 09/11/2017 11:06
www.esl.fr
de Netflix, le magazine Vocable
Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Nice, Paris, Strasbourg & Toulouse
anglais propose tous les quinze
jours des articles d’actualité avec C
des fiches thématiques de voca- M
bulaire pratique. Et, cerise sur le Cours particuliers chez le professeur
Y
gâteau, l’application (disponible le meilleur moyen d’apprendre l’anglais
gratuitement pour les abonnés CM
More than just a language course
sur Google Play et Apple Store) MY
propose à l’apprenant de se cons-
CY
tituer un dictionnaire personna-
lisé. L’actualité économique ou CMY
politique a tendance à vous faire K
bâiller ? Consultez alors theonion.
com. Ce site parodique publie des
nouvelles drôles (mais toutes faus-
ses, naturellement) dans un style Gagnez un séjour
journalistique. Les émissions de la
BBC (et particulièrement la partie
linguistique
« Talking Business », à retrouver
sur internet) ou de CNN permet-
de 2 semaines
tront d’améliorer votre oreille.
De même, les principales appli-
à Dublin !
cations d’apprentissage ont mis
au point des modules spécialisés
sur l’anglais des affaires : Babbel avec ccccc
(à partir de 9,95 par mois) ou Ap-
prendre l’Anglais Business (5,49€)
développé par Mosalingua.
Les amateurs de séries regarde-
ront The Office en V.O sous-titrée
en anglais (la version anglaise
ou la version américaine, au
choix), satire hilarante du monde
de l’entreprise. l
CONTACTS UTILES
www.britishcouncil.fr
www.capital-formations.fr/
www.cned.fr/
www.yourewelcome.com/
www.idealangues.com/
www.le-maison.fr Plus d'infos sur vocable.fr
www.activa-langues.com/
VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 33
Les sorties Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr

sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...

Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…

CINEMA
CINEMA RED SPARROW
De Francis Lawrence
THE RIDER Dominika
De Chloé Zhao Egorova est
Le nouveau film de Chloé Zhao retrace l’histoire de Brady, la plus
étoile montante du rodéo qui apprend qu’il ne pourra plus talentueuse
concourir suite à un tragique accident de cheval. ballerine du
Désespéré, le jeune cowboy multiplie les petits boulots Bolchoï. Suite
afin de subvenir aux besoins de sa famille, et cherche un à une chute,
sa carrière
nouveau sens à sa vie. Les personnages ne sont pas
est brisée net
interprétés par des acteurs professionnels mais par de et elle est
vrais cowboys indiens que Chloé Zhao a rencontrés en recrutée, contre sa volonté, par
2013 dans la réserve indienne de Pine Ridge, en Dakota du les services secrets russes. Elle
Sud. C’est leur histoire qu’elle nous raconte dans ce film intègre alors un camp
bouleversant qui pose des questions essentielles sur la d’entraînement où on lui apprend
masculinité et livre un portrait authentique et fidèle d’une à utiliser ses atouts pour devenir
certaine Amérique. leur meilleur agent. Sa première
Avec Brady Jandreau, Tim Jandreau, Lilly Jandreau, Lane mission est de taille : manipuler
Scott, Cat Clifford un agent infiltré de la CIA en
En salles le 28 mars. Russie. Un blockbuster bien léché
qui ne surprend pas beaucoup
mais qui remplit très bien son
rôle : nous divertir.
Des places à gagner ! Avec Jennifer Lawrence, Joel
sur www.vocable.fr Edgerton, Matthias Schoenaerts,
Charlotte Rampling
En salles le 4 avril.
MUSIQUE
BOARDING HOUSE REACH
De Jack White DVD
L’ancien leader des White
Stripes sort un nouvel album LE PORTRAIT DE JENNIE
solo qui surprend par son De William Dieterle
audace et par son éventail de New York, 1934. Eben Adams, peintre
sonorités. En treize chansons, sans le sou, croise une énigmatique
Jack White explore une fillette à Central Park. Cette rencontre
multitude de registres l’inspire et il décide de laisser tomber les
musicaux allant du funk au natures mortes pour peindre le portrait
gospel en passant par le de Jennie. Mais, à chaque nouvelle
hip-hop. Mais cet album n’en rencontre, la mystérieuse Jennie semble
reste pas moins rock, et on y différente… Eben Adams est bien décidé
reconnaît toujours la patte du à percer le secret de sa nouvelle muse.
musicien surdoué de Detroit. Jennifer Jones et Joseph Cotten
avec beaucoup d’humour et de excellent dans cette romance de l’âge
finesse. d’or hollywoodien produite par David O’
Selznick. Un film baroque et onirique
Third Man/XL Recordings - 11€99
disponible pour la première fois en DVD.
86 minutes - Carlotta Films - 20€06

EXPOSITION
WILLIAM + KLEIN
Dans cette rétrospective dédiée à l’artiste William Klein, Polka nous présente 90 tirages du plus
français des photographes américains. De ses photos de mode à celles de grandes métropoles
mondiales en passant par ses premiers clichés de style abstrait, cette exposition nous dévoile l’œuvre
d’un artiste caméléon qui a révolutionné cet art.
Polka Galerie. Cour de Venise, 12 rue Saint-Gilles, 75003 Paris. Du 24 mars au 26 mai.

34 • VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018

 le
dessin
I Décryptage I ETATS-UNIS

the three « Rs » = reading, writing and arithmetic (traditional elements of primary level education).

ARMING TEACHERS The Artist

On 14 February, seventeen students and members of staff were killed in a mass Phil Hands is the editorial
cartoonist for the
shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. The surviving Wisconsin State Journal in
students spent two days lobbying Florida lawmakers, urging them to bring in Madison, Wisconsin. He
meaningful gun control legislation. At the end of February, lawmakers from the State has won a number of
state awards for his
House and Senate approved a package of gun control bills. One of the proposals, known cartoons, and his work
as the “marshal program”, is a $67 million voluntary programme to arm school staff, has appeared in
including teachers. The staff would be trained by law enforcement officials to carry publications such as: USA
weapons in school. Many parents oppose the programme, which will only be Today, Newsweek, Time
and The Washington
implemented if approved by the full House and Senate, and the Governor of Florida. Post.
cartoonist person who draws
staff employees, personnel / mass shooting gun attack into a group of unarmed victims / to lobby to put pressure on / lawmaker legislator / cartoons (funny or satirical
to urge to recommend strongly, exhort / to bring, brought, brought in to introduce / meaningful purposeful, useful, significant / State drawing) / award prize, honour,
House state level House of Representatives / package group of measures / bill draft of a proposed law / marshal a police officer responsible distinction.
for a particular area / law enforcement official here, the police / weapon arm / to implement to put into practice, apply.

VOCABLE SERVICE ABONNÉS 03 27 61 10 11. www.vocable.fr

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Dans ce numéro, des encarts d’abonnements brochés ou jetés sur tous les abonnés. Cette publication comporte, sur une partie des abonnés, un encart Vivalangues ou un livret audio jeté.

VOCABLE Du 22 mars au 4 avril 2018 • 35

.
 “ UN MAGNIFIQUE WESTERN MODERNE. ”
★★★★ THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER
CAVIAR & HIGHWAYMAN FILMS PRÉSENTENT

CAVIAR ET HIGHWAYMAN FILMS PRÉSENTENT UN FILM DE CHLOÉ ZHAO “THE RIDER” BRADY JANDREAU LILLY JANDREAU TIM JANDREAU AVEC LANE SCOTT ET CAT CLIFFORD MUSIQUE NATHAN HALPERN SUPERVISEUR MUSICAL BEN SOKOLER SUPERVISEUR DU MONTAGE DES EFFETS SONORES PAUL KNOX
MONTAGE ALEX O’FLINN DIRECTEUR DE LA PHOTOGRAPHIE JOSHUA JAMES RICHARDS PRODUCTEURS ÉXÉCUTIFS MICHAEL SAGOL JASPER THOMLINSON YUJI ZHAO DICKEY ABEDON DANIEL SBREGA PRODUIT PAR BERT HAMELINCK SACHA BEN HARROCHE MOLLYE ASHER
ÉCRIT, RÉALISÉ ET PRODUIT PAR CHLOÉ ZHAO

LE 28 MARS