LTE FDD Air Interface overheads

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LTE FDD Air Interface Overheads

FDD and TDD LTE Radio Planning [FL18/TL18]

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RA4120 – Learning Elements list

➢ Introduction & Roadmaps

➢ LTE/EPS Overview
➢ LTE Air Interface
➢ Air Interface Overheads
➢ RRM overview
➢ LTE Link Budget
➢ Cell Range (Coverage Planning)
➢ Radio Capacity Planning
➢ Nokia eNodeB LTE Solution
➢ Initial Parameters Planning
➢ LTE Performance Simulations
➢ Paging & TA Planning

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Module Objectives
After completing this module, the participant will be able to:
• Calculate the FDD Physical Layer overhead

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Module Contents

• Downlink FDD Physical Layer Overhead calculations

• Uplink FDD Physical Layer Overhead calculations

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Module Contents

• Downlink FDD Physical Layer Overhead calculations

• Uplink FDD Physical Layer Overhead calculations

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Contributors to Downlink Overhead

• The PDSCH is the physical channel used to carry the user plane in downlink.
• Any other channel is used for signaling and steals capacity from the PDSCH; therefore it must be
considered as overhead.
• The overhead contributors in downlink are:
- Synchronization signals
- Reference signals
- Positioning reference signals (OTDOA feature)
- PDCCH (together with PCFICH & PHICH)
- PBCCH
- PMCH: Physical MBMS Channel (From FL15A onwards)

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Sync Signals and Frame Type 1 - FDD

Subframe 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

S S
l l
o o
f1 (DL) t
0
t
1
0

Symbol 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P-SS
Subcarriers
Occupied

S P S P
- - - - 72
DC DC
S S S S Subcarriers
S S S S

S-SS

Slot 0 Slot 10

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Synchronization Signals Overhead

•Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)
- occupies 144 Resource Elements per frame (20 timeslots); i.e. (62 subcarriers + 10 empty Resource Elements) x 2
times/frame
Example: Normal CP, 10 MHz bandwidth; PSS overhead = 144 / (84 × 20 × 50) = 0.17 %
•Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)
• Identical calculation to PSS; same overhead as for PSS

10ms Radio frame

2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

1ms Subframe SSS

PSS
0.5ms = 1 slot
checking for SSS
Normal CP at 2 possible positions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  CP length

1 2 3 4 5 6
Extended CP

PSS & SSS frame + slot structure in time domain (FDD case)

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Single Antenna Port and DL Reference Signals

DL RS, Normal TCP DL RS, Extended TCP

f=1
f=2 Reference
Signal
f=3

Resource
f=11 Element

f=12
S=0 S=6 S=0 S=5

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2 Port DL Reference Signals, Normal TCP

DL RS, Normal TCP

Port 0
R0 Reference
Signal

R0
Port 0

R0

Not used on
R0 this port

eNodeB
R1 Port 1
Reference
Signal
eNodeB R1
Port 1

R1
Not used on
this port
R1

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4 Port DL Reference Signals, Normal TCP

Even Slot Odd Slot

Port 0
R0 R0 Reference
Signal

Port 0 R0 R0
R0

R0 R0

Not used on
R0 R0 this
port(DTx)

eNodeB
R1 R1

Port 1
R1 R1 Reference
Port 1 Signal

R1 R1

R1 R1

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4 Port RS, Normal TCP – Continued Even Slot Odd Slot

R2

Port 2
Reference
Port 2 R2 Signal

R2
Not used on
this port

R2

eNodeB
R3

Port 3 R3

R3
Port 3
Reference
Signal
R3

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DL Reference Signal Overhead

Reference Signal (RS)
- If 1 Tx antenna*: 4 RSs per PRB
- If 2 Tx antenna*: there are 8 RSs per PRB
- If 4 Tx antenna*: there are 12 RSs per PRB
• Example below: Normal CP (84 RE) & 2 Tx antenna, DL RS overhead = 8 / 84 = 9.52 %

PRB: Physical Resource Block

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PDCCH, PHICH, and PCFICH overhead

Subframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Subcarriers
Occupied

t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Even Slot Odd Slot

Reference
R0 Signal
R0

DL
Resource R0 R0 PDCCH, PHICH, PCFICH
Blocks
PDSCH
R0 R0

Not used on
R0 R0 this port

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System Overhead Downlink

PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH
-The combination of PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH is able to occupy the first 1, 2 or 3 time domain symbols per TTI
-As of RL30, the PDCCH Area defined in the PCFICH becomes dynamic
-Worst case scenario – PDCCH Area is 3 Symbols wide
- The number of RE occupied per 1 ms TTI is given by (12 × y – x), where:
• y depends upon the number of occupied time domain symbols per TTI (1, 2 or 3)
• x depends upon the number of RE already occupied by the Reference Signal
x = 2 for 1 transmit antenna
x = 4 for 2 transmit antenna
x = 4 for 4 transmit antenna when y = 1
x = 8 for 4 transmit antenna when y = 2 or 3 20 MHz = 100 RB
4 Antenna – 8 DRS in PDCCH Area
• Overhead(%)= (RE occupied PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH) /168 * 100
PCFICH = 3 Symbols
Dual Stream
16.67% Overhead

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PBCH Overhead
Occupies (288* – x) Resource Elements (REs) per 20 timeslots per transmit antenna
The value of x depends upon the number of REs already occupied by the Reference Signal:
x = 12 for 1 Tx antenna, x = 24 for 2 Tx antennas & x = 48 for 4 Tx antenna
- Example: normal CP, 2 Tx antennas, 10 MHz bandwidth;
PBCH Overhead = (288 – 24) / (84 × 20 × 50) = 0.31%

one radio frame = 10 ms

72 subcarriers

Repetition Pattern of PBCH = 40 ms

PBCH * PBCH uses central 72 Subcarrier over 4 OFDM symbols in Slot 1

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eMBMS - PMCH Overhead

1. evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (eMBMS) is a technique to MBSFN: subfrPShareRequired

broadcast transmissions to a wide number of users, located within a confined MBSFN subframe pattern share
geographical area based on the proportion of the system
capacity that shall be reserved for
2. Complete TTIs are reserved for MBMS transmissions, exhausting all PRBs within MBMS .
2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,
this TTI 50, 55, 60
Default: N/A
3. Gain increases significantly with increasing number of users Compared to
redundant, unicast transmissions
4. Typical use case: Sports events
5. Physical MBMS Channel Overhead: “Reserved TTIs” ranges from 2,5% – 60%

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Physical Layer Overhead

Downlink signaling overhead summary table:

Physical Channel bandwidth[MHz]

channel/signal 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Reference 9.52% 9.52% 9.52% 9.52% 9.52% 9.52%

signal
Synchronization 2.86% 1.14% 0.69% 0.34% 0.23% 0.17%
signals
PBCH 2.62% 1.05% 0.63% 0.31% 0.21% 0.16%
PDCCH 19.05% 19.05% 19.05% 19.05% 19.05% 19.05%

Total 34.05% 30.76% 29.89% 29.23% 29.01% 28.90%

Assumptions:
➢ 2x2 MIMO
➢ Normal CP
➢ 3 OFDM symbols per TTI for PDCCH

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System overhead
It is recommended to assume 3 OFDM symbols per TTI for PDCCH to account for
maximized controlling region capacity. The cell-specific Reference Signal overhead
depends on the number of active antenna ports (it is two times higher for dimensioning
with transmit diversity at the cell-edge). These are the two most important factors
impacting dimensioning and capacity results. The rest of DL PHY channels and signals
can be neglected.
For uplink control channel (PUCCH), it is recommended to assume 1 PRB (1.4 MHz), 2 (3
and 5 MHz), 4 (10 MHz), 6 (15 MHz), 8 (20 MHz).
PRACH density (number of PRACH resources per radio frame) can be set to 1, which
means that one PRACH resource (consisting of 6 PRBs) is reserved per every radio
frame. It obviously depends on the subscriber profile (that is service usage, mobility,
etc.).

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Module Contents

• Downlink FDD Physical Layer Overhead calculations

• Uplink FDD Physical Layer Overhead calculations

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Contributors to Uplink Overhead

• The PUSCH is the physical channel used to carry the user plane in uplink.
• Any other channel is used for signaling and steals capacity from the PUSCH and must be considered as
overhead.
• The overhead contributors in uplink are:
- Demodulation Reference Signal (DRS)
- Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)*
- PRACH
- PUCCH
- Uplink Control Information - UCI (PUSCH is also used to transmit L2 signaling)

*: SRS are associated with optional features and are out of the scope of this presentation. They are supported in the
Nokia solution from RL40.

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UL Demodulation Reference Signal Overhead (1/2)

Demodulation Reference Signal (DRS)

- The DRS is sent on the 4th OFDM symbol
of each RB occupied by the PUSCH.

UL DRS occupies the whole PUCCH

allocated band except 2 “RB
bandwidth” in the both end.
Reference signal: 12 RE (per
RB) x (50-4) RBs not dedicated PUSCH
to PUCCH /(84 x50) =13.14%

PUCCH

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UL DRS Overhead (2/2)

Example:
For 1.4 MHz Channel Bandwidth, the PUCCH occupies 1 RB per Slot.
The number of RE per RB is 84 when using the normal CP.
This means the DRS overhead* is: ((6-1) × 12)/(6 × 84) = 11.9 %

Channel BW PUCCH RB/slot DRS Overhead*

1.4 MHz 1 ((6-1) × 12) / (6 × 84) = 11.9 %

3 MHz 2 ((15-2) × 12) / (15 × 84) = 12.38 %
5 MHz 2 ((25-2) × 12) / (25 × 84) = 13.14 %
10 MHz 4 ((50-4) × 12) / (50 × 84) = 13.14 %
15 MHz 6 ((75-6) × 12) / (75 × 84) = 13.14 %
20 MHz 8 ((100-8) × 12) / (100 × 84) = 13.14 %

* for normal CP

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PRACH Overhead
•PRACH
- PRACH uses 6 Resource Blocks in the frequency domain.
- The location of those resource blocks is dynamic. Two parameters from RRC layer define it:
• PRACH Configuration Index: for Timing, selecting between 1 of 4 PRACH durations and defining if PRACH
preambles can be sent in any radio frame or only in even numbered ones
• PRACH Frequency offset: Defines the location in frequency domain
- PRACH Overhead calculation: 6 RBs * RACH Density / (#RB per TTI) x 10 TTIs per frame
• RACH density: how often are RACH resources reserved per 10 ms frame i.e. for RACH density: 1 (RACH resource
reserved once per frame)

Channel BW PRACH Overhead

1.4 MHz (6 × 1) / (6 × 10) = 10 %

3 MHz (6 × 1) / (15 × 10) = 4 %
5 MHz (6 × 1) / (25 × 10) = 2.40 %
10 MHz (6 × 1) / (50 × 10) = 1.20 %
15 MHz (6 × 1) / (75 × 10) = 0.8 %
20 MHz (6 × 1) / (100 × 10) = 0.6 %

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Multiple PUCCH in One Subframe

Subframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Subcarriers
Occupied

Even Slot Odd Slot Demodulation RS

PUCCH 1 PUCCH 0 PUSCH
PUCCH 3 PUCCH 2 PUCCH
UL Resource
Blocks

PUCCH 2 PUCCH 3

PUCCH 0 PUCCH 1

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PUCCH Overhead
•PUCCH overhead (%)
-Ratio between the number of RBs used for PUCCH and the total number of RBs in frequency
domain times 100.

Channel BW PUCCH RB/slot PUCCH Overhead

1.4 MHz 1 1 / 6 = 16.67 %

3 MHz 2 2 / 15 = 13.33 %
5 MHz 2 2 / 25 = 8 %
10 MHz 4 4 / 50 = 8 %
15 MHz 6 6 / 75 = 8 %
20 MHz 8 8 / 100 = 8%

UCI(Uplink Control Information) can be carried on PUCCH or on PUSCH, that´s why the extra UCI
considered overhead.
i.e, Aperiodic CQI reports is an example of UCI carried on PUSCH only.

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Physical Layer Overhead

Uplink signaling overhead summary table:

Physical Channel bandwidth[MHz]

channel/signal 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Reference 11.90% 12.38% 13.14% 13.14% 13.14% 13.14%
signal
PRACH 10.00% 4.00% 2.40% 1.20% 0.80% 0.60%
PUCCH 16.67% 13.33% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00%
PUSCH UCI* n/a 2.29% 1.71% 1.20% 0.73% 0.61%
Total 38.57% 32.01% 25.26% 23.37% 22.67% 22.35%

Assumptions:
➢ PRACH density =1 (1 PRACH per frame)
➢ PRACH duration= 1 TTI (Preamble format 0)
➢ PUCCH size: according to table in previous slide
* PUSCH UCI Overhead calculation is out of the scope of this chapter

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System overhead
It is recommended to assume 3 OFDM symbols per TTI for PDCCH to account for
maximized controlling region capacity. The cell-specific Reference Signal overhead
depends on the number of active antenna ports (it is two times higher for dimensioning
with transmit diversity at the cell-edge). These are the two most important factors
impacting dimensioning and capacity results. The rest of DL PHY channels and signals
can be neglected.
For uplink control channel (PUCCH), it is recommended to assume 1 PRB (1.4 MHz), 2 (3
and 5 MHz), 4 (10 MHz), 6 (15 MHz), 8 (20 MHz).
PRACH density (number of PRACH resources per radio frame) can be set to 1, which
means that one PRACH resource (consisting of 6 PRBs) is reserved per every radio
frame. It obviously depends on the subscriber profile (that is service usage, mobility,
etc.).

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Physical Layer Overhead

Downlink and uplink overhead comparison

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