NATURALISM ART TO FUTURISM ART

Naturalism
Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The
Realist movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction to the stylized
and idealized depictions of subjects in Romanticism, but many painters have used a
similar approach over the centuries. One example of Naturalism is the artwork of
American artist William Bliss Baker, whose landscape paintings are considered some of
the best examples of the naturalist movement. Another example is the French Albert
Charpin, from the Barbizon School, with his paintings of sheep in their natural settings.
Naturalism began in the early Renaissance, and developed itself further throughout the
Renaissance, such as with the Florentine School.
Naturalism is a type of art that pays attention to very accurate and precise details, and
portrays things as they are.
 
Impressionism
The impression movement started in France, which led to a break from the tradition in
European painting. Impressionism is a style of painting that emerged in the mid-to late
1800s. impressionist artist incorporated scientific principles to achieve a more distinct
representation of color. The distinctive characteristic of this style is that it allows the
artist to emphasize is communicated by the artist through his work and can be seen
through the brushstrokes, distinction of colors, and the lights and shadows used by the
artist.
 
Post-Impressionism
It is an art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both the influence and
rejection of impressionist but later on saw the inherent limitations and flaws of
impressionism. This eventually led to the development of individual style that gave
emphasis to defining from with the use of broken colors and short brush stroke. Some of
the famous post-impressionism artists include Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, Paul
Gaugin, and Vincent van Gogh, among others. Most of the works of the said painters
became the framework of the contemporary techniques and trends during the twentieth
century.
 
Neo-Impressionism
            As an art movement, neo-impressionism is considered as a response to empirical
realism of impressionism. Most painters who subscribe to such movements rely on a
systematic and scientific techniques that have a predetermined visual effects not only on
the art work itself but also how the audience perceive the art. The leading figure in neo-
impressionism was Georges Seurat who recorded optical sensation on a more scientific
manner. His color theories paved the way for the technique called pointillism. This art
technique basically utilizes discrete dots and dashes of pure color. These elements are
believed to blend with viewer’s perspective. Aside from Seurat, other neo-impressionist
artists include Henri-Edmond Cross, Maximilien Luce, and Camille Pissarro, among
others.
 
Art Nouveau
Between 1890 and 1910, countries from Europe and the United States witnessed the
emergence and flourishing of a new art style. This ornamental style of art was a break
from the conservative historicism, which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most
Western artworks. This ornamental style uses long and organic lines that are concretely
manifested in architecture, jewelry and glass design, among others. In most works, the
defining characteristic of Art Nouveau is the asymmetrical line that usually is in the form
of insect wings or flower stalks. The line is done in such a graceful and elegant manner
that somehow evokes a certain power to it.
Fauvism
This is a style of painting that emerged in France around the turn of the twentieth
century. What makes fauvists revolutionary is that they used pure and vibrant colors by
applying straight from the paint tubes directly to the canvas. This is done to produce a
sense of explosion of colors in the canvas. The difference lies with how the fauves have
this strong and expressive reaction to how they portray their subjects. Most fauvist
works reject the conservative and traditional renderings of three-dimensional space.
What artists did was they introduced and promoted a picture space that is defined by
the movement of color.
 
Cubism
Between 1907 and 1914, French artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque introduced a
new visual arts style called cubism. This style would later on have a huge influence on
artists during the twentieth century. Cubists highlighted the two-dimensional surface of
the picture plane. Focusing on flat surface was a rejection of the dominant techniques
like the use of perspective, foreshortening, and modeling. In addition, one of the things
that cubism rejected was the existing and prevailing notion that art should imitate
nature. Cubists emphasized that they are not in any way obliged to copy texture., form,
color, and space. They presented a new depiction of reality that may appear fragmented
objects for viewers.
Futurism
It is an early twentieth century art movement that started in Italy, which highlighted the
speed, energy, dynamism, and power of machines. In addition, common themes for
works in this movement are restlessness and the past-space of modern life. Later on, the
movement’s influence branched out not only in Europe but also in Russia. The greatest
impact of futurism is evident in poetry and visual arts.
Italian poet and editor Filippon Tommaso Marinette coined the term “futurism” to reflect
his purpose of disregarding the traditional methods of the art in the past. He believes
that art should embrace and embody change. Innovation, creativity, and originality.