ANTI-GAMBLING

POPE
• He received news from Juan Luna and
Valentin Ventura that some Filipinos in
Spain are engaged in too much gambling
• He advised them not to waste their
money but continue supporting the
Propaganda instead, which was the main
reason for coming to Madrid.
 ANTI-GAMBLING
POPE
• The gambling Filipinos were angered
upon learning about Rizal’s comments
and ridiculed him for acting like a
“Pope.”
• Rizal countered, in his letter to Del
Pilar, that his fellow Filipinos came to
Madrid to work for the Fatherland’s
freedom.
 THE SEQUEL: “EL
FILIBUSTERISMO”
• It is Rizal’s novel on a nation that is
on the brink of a revolution.
• It is presented as an alternative
course to the reform efforts of
Filipinos.
• It also presented the dangers of
taking an alternative based on hate
and vengeance.
• “…is a morality, a profound
description of the mentality and
climate of revolt… to Spain it was a
last and terrible warning.”
• Austin Coates
Rizal’s Biographer
 THE CALAMBA
DEPORTATION
• From the time Rizal left Calamba, the
agrarian problem had turned from bad to
worse.
• The Dominicans increased the land rent
without reason
• Rizal advised his family and other
tenants to refuse paying
• This move only enraged the
administrators.
 THE CALAMBA
DEPORTATION
• The Dominicans filed a suit against the
Calamba tenants
• Through the order of Gov. Valeriano
Weyler, the tenants were persecuted and
ejected from their lands and homes in
Calamba
• 25 members of the Mercado family were
affected
 THE CALAMBA
DEPORTATION (1890)
• Paciano and brothers-in-law Antonio Lopez
and Silvestre Ubaldo were exiled to
Mindoro.
• Manuel Hidalgo was earlier exiled to Bohol
• Rizal felt guilty about these sufferings of his
family and town mates.
• Spain’s hate on him had turned to his loved
ones.
 THE CALAMBA
DEPORTATION (1890)
• Rizal decided to return home no matter
what the dangers are.
• He confided to MH del Pilar his death wish.
• He expressed his readiness to die if it
would do good to his family and country.
• He called himself “Laong-Laan” which
means “Ever Ready”
FRUSTRATI
ONS
IN
MADRID
 FRUSTRATED IN MADRID
• Rizal went to Madrid to bring his protest
against the injustices done by Gov.
Weyler and the Dominicans to the
Calamba farmers at the Ministry of
Colonies headed by Minister Fabie.
• The meeting was fruitless; no
compromise was reached.
 FRUSTRATED IN MADRID
• He even asked his comrades in the
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina to assist him
• Asked the Spanish media: La Justicia, El
Dia, El Globo-- to publish article about
the issue to exert pressure on the
government.
• Del Pilar and Dominador Gomez helped
him , too.
 PANGANIBAN DIES
(1863-1890)

• Called “Avenger of Filipino Honor”

• Born in Mambulao, Camarines Norte, on
February 1, 1863.
• A good friend and co-worker of Rizal.
• He was Bicolandia's greatest contribution to
the historic campaign for reforms more
popularly called the Propaganda Movement.
 PANGANIBAN DIES
(1863-1890)

• He wrote articles for La Solidaridad, under

the pen names Jomapa and J.M.P.
• Died in Barcelona, Spain, on August 19,
1890.
• Rizal wrote the “Eulogy to Panganiban,”
whom he admired as an energetic patriot
who had pure love for the country.
 DUEL FOR NELLY’S
Nelly Boustead HONOR
• August 1890 – Rizal had a heated
argument with Antonio Luna
• Reason: Luna made tactless remarks
about Nelly, the girl he had courted but
chose Rizal
• Rizal was offended by Luna’s remarks
and attempted to attack the latter
 DUEL FOR NELLY’S
Nelly Boustead HONOR
• The two exchanged words.
• Rizal challenged Luna to a duel. He offered
Luna to choose between a pistol or saber.
• Luna chose the saber.
• Luna finally realized his mistake and asked
forgiveness from Rizal, who accepted the
apology.
 ALMOST ANOTHER
DUEL… FOR HIS
FAMILY’S HONOR
• Wenceslao Retaña, a pro-friar journalist,
made disrespectful remarks against the
Rizal family and the Calamba tenants in the
anti-Filipino newspaper La Epoca.
• He wrote that the family and the tenants
deserve what happened to them for failing
to pay the Dominicans their land rents.
 ALMOST ANOTHER
DUEL… FOR HIS
FAMILY’S HONOR
• Upon reading the offensive article, Rizal
sent a message to Retaña challenging him
to a duel in whatever weapon he would
choose, anywhere and anytime.
• Retaña immediately made a public
retraction and an apology to Rizal and his
family.
 END OF 11-YEARS
ENGAGEMENT
•Amidst Rizal’s frustrations in Madrid,
he received a letter from Leonor
Rivera, his girlfriend for 11 years
informing him that she was getting
married.
 END OF 11-YEARS
ENGAGEMENT
•It pained his heart greatly.
•He still loved Leonor despite
having courted girls before.
 END OF 11-YEARS
ENGAGEMENT
•He grew pale and sickly having
been jilted by Leonor.
•In his letter to Blumentritt, he
accused Leonor of infidelity
•His love turned to hatred.
 END OF 11-YEARS
ENGAGEMENT
• Galicano Apacible, a UST friend,
consoled him by saying there are many
girls in the world.
• He informed Rizal that the daughter of
Pi y Margall, was deeply in love with
him, ready to marry him.
LEONOR RIVERA FINALLY
GOT MARRIED
• On Leonor’s side, she was mad at Rizal
having been very quiet.
• She said that she still loved Rizal, that her
decision to marry was not because she no
longer loved him.
• She did it because she thought Rizal no
longer loved her.
LEONOR RIVERA FINALLY
GOT MARRIED
• 11 years of waiting was too long.
• Leonor wasn’t getting younger and
lamented the fact that Rizal didn’t bother to
see her.
• Rizal could have misunderstood her.
• Leonor married Henry Kipping, an
Englishman in Manila.
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
• In a banquet at Calle de Atocha
some Filipinos proposed for the
creation of a movement to bind the
colony together
• A leader called “Responsible”
would be the official representative
of all Filipinos abroad.
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
•Rizal felt he would be the
rightful person.
• Others thought otherwise.
•They endorsed MH del Pilar’s
candidacy
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
st
•In the 1 meeting, Eduardo
de Lete presided.
•Rizal was in favor of the
creation of a new
movement.
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
• Del Pilar objected because to him
they already have the La
Solidaridad and the AHP to take
care of the said objectives.
• His argument lost was overruled.
• A committee was formed to draw
the statutes.
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
• Rizal and Del Pilar became the two
candidates.
• They both wanted to withdraw.
• The rule of the election: the winner
must garner 2/3 majority vote
st
• 1 Balloting- Rizal was ahead but not
enough
nd rd
• 2 and 3 Balloting- the same results
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
• The meeting adjourned
• The next day, del Pilar was absent
• The results didn’t change
• Rizal grew impatient.
• He announced his withdrawal from the
race
• He bade farewell. But Ponce quickly
asked Lete, Sandiko, Luna and others to
shift their votes to Rizal.
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
• Dominador Gomez spoke in behalf
of the Pilaristas saying they
changed their votes for the sake of
unity.
• Thus, Rizal was voted unanimously.
• Rizal gave his admonitions to the
group in his acceptance speech.
 THE LEADER OF ALL
FILIPINOS
• Rizal blamed Lete for the election fiasco
• Expressed disappointment with del Pilar
• He said it would have been a
disappointing news to the nationalist
movement in Manila to know that Rizal
was defeated because he was the
acknowledged leader back home.
A BIARRITZ INTERLUDE
• Rizal went to see Nelly in Biarritz.
• He finally decided to marry Nelly
Boustead.
• Conditions made by Nelly’s father:
1. Abort all travels abroad and stay with
Nelly
2. Practice medicine and stay away from
politics
3. Become a Protestant before marriage
A BIARRITZ INTERLUDE
• Rizal, however,
decided to back down
from his proposal
Nelly Boustead thinking he wasn’t
ready yet to answer the
given conditions set by
Nelly’s father.
 PRINTING OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
• February 1891 – Rizal went back to
Brussels to edit and revise the novel.
• End of May 1891 – it was ready for printing
• Brought the novel to Ghent because
printing was cheaper there.
• No financial aid was sent by the Centro de
Propaganda
• He had spent all his money for the printing
cost
 PRINTING OF THE EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
• He only received P100 from his
countrymen as part of his allowance
• He was abandoned by the society after
just a month.
• He was consoled by the financial help
given by Valentin Ventura
• The novel was printed at F. Meyer van
Loo Press
• Gave the original manuscripts to Ventura
 RIZAL RESIGNS
• Before leaving for Manila:
• He sent a letter of resignation as a
contributor of the La Solidaridad
• He also sent a message to his
compatriots his decision to give up his
political leadership and fight in his own
• This news saddened many Propaganda
members
 RIZAL RESIGNS
• He quickly visited Nelly to bid goodbye
• He will go back to the Philippines to
take care of his family’s problems
• He boarded the SS Melbourne, a ship
from Marseilles bound to Hong Kong.
• He was with the company of many friars
including Fr. Volunteri, less like Fr.
Damaso
RIZAL
IN
HONG
KONG
 IN HONGKONG
• November 20, 1891– Rizal arrived in
Hongkong
• His friends welcomed him including
Jose Ma. Basa
• He established his residence at
D’Aguilar St. Rednaxella Terrace on
top of the seaman’s bar
• He put up a medical clinic there
 IN HONGKONG
• A few days before Christmas, his father,
brother and Silvestre Ubaldo arrived
• Later, his mother and sisters Lucia, Josefa
and Trinidad also arrived
• He noticed that his mother at 65 years old
was almost blind
• On Christmas day, he celebrated it with
his family, after four years.
 MEDICAL PRACTICE
• He put up a clinic in order to earn
some money
• He met some doctors including Dr.
Lorenzo Marques who recommended
him to his ophthalmologic clients
• His successful medical practice made
him popular to Asians and Europeans
alike
 MEDICAL PRACTICE

•His friends sent him books

and equipment in support of
his great job
•He also successfully
restored his mother’s
eyesight again.
MEDICAL PRACTICE
WRITINGS IN HONGKONG
• Rizal translated the “The Rights of
Man” in Tagalog (about the French
Revolution in 1789)
• Wrote “A La Nacion Española” which
was an appeal to Spain to rectify the
wrongs committed by the Spaniards
against the Calamba tenants.
• Also wrote “Sa Mga Kababayan”
WRITINGS IN HONGKONG
• He also contributed articles to the
Hongkong Telegraph, a British
newspaper, through Frazier Smith,
one of its editors.
• When the Spanish censors
discovered it, they immediately
banned the Hongkong newspaper.
VICTORIA GAOL PRISONS
VICTORIA GAOL PRISONS
• March 1892 – Rizal wrote about
his visit to Victoria Gaol, the
colonial prison in Hongkong.
• He wrote that the British prison
was more humane and more
modern than the cruel Spanish
prison system in the Philippines.
 THE BORNEO COLONIZATION
PROJECT
• To save his townmates from the
oppressive regime of Gov. Weyler,
Rizal dreamed of setting up a
Filipino colony in North Borneo
(Sabah).
• He planned to move the landless
Filipino families to Borneo which
he will call “New Calamba.”
THE BORNEO COLONIZATION
PROJECT
 THE BORNEO COLONIZATION
PROJECT
• March 7, 1892- Rizal traveled to
Sandakan, Sabah to negotiate with
the British government re: a possible
establishment of a Filipino colony
there.
• He boarded the steamer Menon
• He was offered the lands over the
Bengkoka River near the Maradu Bay
 THE BORNEO COLONIZATION
PROJECT
• The British North Borneo Company agreed
to give about 100,000 acres of land free of
charge if Rizal would be able to bring in 50
families who will migrate to the area.
• Rizal thought this was enough to
compensate the lands they lost in Calamba.
• He called this the British North Borneo
Colonization Project.”
THE BORNEO COLONIZATION
PROJECT
• May 1892- Rizal returned to the country
with the ff. reasons:
1. To confer with Gov. Despujol re: the
Borneo Colonization Project;
2. To establish the La Liga Filipina;
3. To request the lifting of the exile order
against his family; and
4. To prove to the propagandists that he
had not abandoned the country
 THE
SECOND
HOMECO
 THE SECOND
HOMECOMING
• June 26, 1892- Rizal and his sister Lucia
arrived in Manila
• They were met by carabineers and their
luggage were inspected.
• They checked in at the Hotel de Oriente
• In the afternoon, Rizal went to
Malacañang to seek audience with the
governor.
 THE SECOND
HOMECOMING
• The Governor
granted pardon to
his father except to
Hotel de Oriente
his brother and
brothers in law
• He was told to
th
return on the 29 of
the month,
Wednesday.
Lucia M. Herbosa
 TRIP TO LUZON
• June 27, 1892 – Rizal boarded a train
bound to the provinces.
• He visited his friends from Malolos, San
Fernando, Tarlac and Bacolor,
Pampanga
• Unknowingly, he was followed and
watched carefully by spies sent by the
government.
 TRIP TO LUZON
• The Guardia
Civil raided the
houses he
visited and
seized copies of
the Noli and Fili
found in their
possession. Guardia Civil