= ( > (,/ ) = ( 5

'
'( )( * + ,(, * !

# -( . . /0 1 -( # 2# 2# ,
2# 2#% , # 2#% 2#%! . 34 3
/4# 5
-( . 34 6 3
/4 , #
&# 6 -( #
# 2( ,( / 6 . , / /0 1 .
7 8 / .. . /(// 7, '8 -(
(,/ 9 9 ( . #
5 (6 6 6 ,.
( 9 #
# 6 / ! , # 5 2# 2# " #$ , 6 / ( 9
6 6 2# 2#% " $ , 6 / ( 9 6 6 # 5
2#% 2#%! 9 . 34 "$ , 6 / ( 9 6 6 # * 9
6 . 3
/4 92#% 2#%! 6 / 1 9 6
. . 34 # )6 1 1 , 9 . 3
/4 9
2#% 2#%!# * 6 /(// -( 6 / ,
. #
!# : ( (,/ , , 9 . 9
99 #

"# ; ) . .. . /(// ( 9 (
(,/ . (. . #
# ( 6 + , #
%# . / 6 #
<# ; / . 1 9 -( . . 9 ( 6 #
# $ . . 9 . #

% & ' ' ' (( ) ' '

!" #
$ % ! & #
• Trivandrum • Durgapur
• Mumbai GATE FORUM GATE FORUM • Hubli /
GATE FORUM TC 14/ 1679 , Behind Sanskrit 2nd floor, Nachan Road Dharwad
110, Shopper's Point College, Palayam, Trivandrum Opposite Bank of India, GATE FORUM
1st Floor , S. V. Road Kerala PIN : 695034. Benachity. Plot no. 101, Shri
Opp. Andheri Railway Station. Tel : (471) 2322914, Durgapur - 713213 Venktesh Krupa,
Andheri (W) Mumbai. • Nagpur • Pune Shiv Basav Nagar,
Tel: (022) 2623 7471 / 72 GATE FORUM GATE FORUM BELGAUM Pin 591 010
• Kolkata 3rd Floor, Samarth Chambers 5, Kalpana Building (Land mark: Naganoor swami
GATE FORUM W.H.C Road, Opp. Chauhan opp. Hotel Surya Kalyan Mantap
4A, ELGIN Road Traders, Off Ghole Road
Next to Bhavanipur College Nagpur - 440 010, Pune - 411004 • Hyderaba
Kolkata-700020 Maharashtra Tel : (020) 25538396 / 25510078 d
Tel: (033) 30947075, 30947160 • Dhanbad • Guwahati GATE FORUM
• Jaipur GATE FORUM GATE FORUM Suite Number 515,Model
GATE FORUM Flat NO: 3 B, HEM Tower, Maniram Dewan Road ! " House
# C-16 , Greater Kailash Colony, Luby Circular Road, !!$ Opposite to Regalia Marriage Hall, # % Hyderabad
! & - 82
'%
Behind(New Vidhan Dhanbad – 826001 Chandmari Ph: +91-40-5583 3454
!!$ Sabha, Lal % %
Kothi, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Tel: (0326) 3108848 Guwahati 781003 +91-40-5583 3242
PIN : 302001,Tel:(0141) 5103580 Tel. 91 98640 75835
 * + , * -" . / 0

# / /( , / & , / , / # , /
6 9, / ( .( / / #
. . , # . / / 6 9 , / 6
1 , (

7 8 7 8 7 8 7'8
" "

&
&# 5
9 . ? , ( 1 ( 1 (

7 8 6 @ 7 8 6 A 7 8 6 B

7'8 , /

# , 9 , + 1 / 6
&
−

−&
7 8 C 7 8 7 8 7'8 &

# D D/ ( ( */ + 9 ( / 1
. / # D ,. , 9D * . 1 #
: 9 9 6 , / ( ( ∪ >;=E
7 8 5 ( /( + 9
7 8 5 + 9
7 8 5 C (
7'8 9 / 1

!# : 9 9 6 , >;= / ( ( +. F E
7 8 5 . 9 99 #
7 8 5 . 9 99 #
7 8 5 . 9 9 9 #
7'8 5 . 9 9 9 #

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
"# ( { & ≤ ≤ "
}
7 8 ( 7 8 + 9 /( (
7 8 + 9 /( ,. , + 9
7'8 + 9

# : 9 9 6 +. -(1 ( ⊕ )⊕
7 8 ( + + )( + + ) 7 8 ( + + )( + + )
7 8 + ( ⊕ )+ ( ⊕ ) 7'8 9 / 1

%# ; , 9 ,( . ,( . ! 6 /
7 8 C 7 8
7 8 C 7'8 C

<# , > * , , , 9" # 5 / 9

, . , 9 # : . 9
, , , ( 9 9 E
7 8 7 8 "# 7 8 7'8 #"

# 6 C6 6 , / #5 G . 7 1 ( 8
/ GHH . # 6 9 6 6
6 I I& /(/ 6 / 6#

/ /

I6 I I6 I&

(/

: 9 9 6 +. 9 ( 6 6 ( 9
/(/E
7 8 # & 7 8 I JI& 7 8 ⊕ & 7'8 ⊕ &

# ) 6, .( 9 % / (.C ( 9,
7 , / DI 8E
7 8 7 8 7 8 & 7'8 &
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 &# (,/ & K / , # 5
( (/ 9 . # 9 (,/
/ ,( /
7 8 . 7 8 .J 7 8 C. 7'8 .J

# 9
( 9 9 9 9 9 6 . . #
(φ ) = ( ( )) = , +( ( ) )+ 9 I #

5
9 I & C & C & 9, / , .
6 ( )E
7 8 " 7 8 7 8 7'8 &

# 5 . 9 1 9 . L6 1 ,
# (,/ 9 ,. L
7 8 7 8 J 7 8 C 7'8 C

!# 5 9 6 / 9 (, , 9 .
, (, , ,. + 9 , #
* ,6 , ,. + #
7 8 , H , 7 8 G 7, 8
7&8 M ( , 7 8G ( )
7 8H C: , 7 8 G 7 ,8
7 8 . I 7'8 G 7 J ,8

7 8 C & C C C ' 7 8 C & C ' C C

7 8 C & C ' C C 7'8 C & C C C '

"# / /( ( . / 1 #
1 ( 9( ( N # 9 1 (
"! "& & & / 6 6 (
1 ( &/ E
7 8 & 7 8 7 8 7'8 "

# ( 6 ,/ ,.( , ( ; +#
+ 9 , 3
9 43
9 &4 3 9 4 + ( 6
( 6 . , 9 9 #
(, 9 9, / ( // 9 &
9, / ( 9 9 9, / ( ( #
( + ( 9 6 -( 9 ,, 9, (
6 E
9 9 &
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 9 &9
: 9 9 6 . 9 9, 6 ( / 9, 9 ,
5
# ) //
5
5# H
5
55# (
7 8 5 5
5 7 8 5
5 5
55 7 8 5
5 7'8 5 5
55

%# ,,
9 # , . 6 . + ( O 9 ,.( ,
( ; +# : 9 9 6 ,, 6 1 ,
9, / 1 ,, 6 + ( , E
7 8 . 6 7 8 . 6
7 8 . , . 6 7'8 .. . 6

<# ( 1 . ; + . C .(
( 1 .. . 9 / 9 ,
. # : C .( 1 . 6 , 6
( + ( E
7 8 , 7 8 (. ( ,
7 8 . 1 , 7'8 ( ,

& # H( $ 7H$8 ( 9 96 . 0 9 ( /
, 9D 9 7DG 8 -( 9 . 0 # : 9
9 6 , 9H DI= +#
7 8 ./ 6 H$ DG . . ,, (
( ,. , 96 #
7 8 DG -( , 9 ,/ ( ,. , 6 / , 9
1 H$1 ( DG 9 ,. , G GD#
7 8 G 1 DG 9 JJ . 1 .. +, #" ,
9
( 9 DG 9HG> > #
7'8 H$ DG #

& # , . 6 , , .
6 / 6

) > , D $

5
96 6 9, / ( . , / , / . 7 8
(. 9
9 , 9, ( ..
/( 9
7 8 $ 7 8 ) > , 7 8 D 7'8 9

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
&&# / 9 H H& H H H! 6 9 6 9
( .
H H H& H 7H #H&8 H!
5 , 9 , ? /
7 8 H 7 8 & H 7 8 H 7'8 9

& # C ( +9 / / 9( 1 (
# 5
9 6 + , + ,(, (,/ 9
( / 6 .
7 8 ! 7 8 7 8 7'8 &

& # , 5
' . . 9 '( / . . -(
, / / ( 9
( .
7 8 + . 9 G. I ,
7 8 + . 9'
7 8 + . 9 . 6 9 (
7'8 6 1 9 9 ( 9

&!# ,, $>G*$ )= ' > $#

: 9 9 6 . 9 ,,
6 . 6 ( E
7 8 ) $ I* $ H $ 7 8 H $ ) $ I* $
7 8 ) $ H $ I* $ 7'8 I* $ ) $ H $

&"# C ( . . / ( / . , 1 9, ,
, # 6 9 9 6 . .
-( ( / C ( 9 E
7 8 . 1 -( ( / ( + ( .
( 5 *$. 6 9 ( #
7 8 -( ( .. 5 *$ .
96 # 9 ( C ( ( /
5 *$ . . #
7 8 ( 5 *$ . . ( / ( C
( 9 . 9,
7'8 ,.( . 9,

& # : 9 9 6 , >;= / ( I* O '

7 8 5
=== % &# 6 D ( I* O ' .
7 8 = / I* O ' .
7 8 I* O ' ( / 9 . . 6
6 #

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 7'8 I* O ' 6

&%# : 9 9 6 , H DI= /
7 8 & 1
7 8 ( ,
7 8 ( 6 , D ,
7'8 ( / ,

&<# ( 9 . / , 6
7 8 ( . 7 8 1 ( .
7 8 ' I6 1 , 7'8 $9

# ) *D9 , / / .( 99
9 # > -(
, / 7 8# /
(/, /( / . # : 9 9 6 . 6 ( /
.. . 9 1 E (, (
6 . 9, #
7 8 L= 7 8 $GI
7 8 9L= $GI 7'8 = $GI

* -+ , * 1" . / 0

# D 9/ 9
( 9, 9
( 9,
9
( 9, ( ( ) = ( ( )) 9 ∈ # : 9 9 6
, 6 ( 9 ( 9
( 9 E
7 8 7 8 9
7 8 7'8 9

&# D / 6 , #D / 9 (/ 9 (
9 6 (/ & ⊂ & & ⊂ # :
, + ,(, 9E
−
7 8 7 8 J 7 8 & + 7'8 P

# (/ . ( ( , 96 ( 1
, # (, . +. (,/ 9

7 8 7 8 7 8 ! 7'8 "

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 # D = &
6 . - . , (,/ # )6, (,/ ,
9 ≤ ≤ ( )= E ( ) ,,
1 9, #
7 8 ( − ) 7 8 .-

7 8 ( &
− )( − ) 7'8 ( − )( − )
&π
!# : 1 ( 9 ( −π) ( )
7 8 C 7 8 7 8 7'8 π

"# D $7+8 27+8 / / . # : 9 9 6 ,

6 >;=E

7 8 ((∀ ( ) ∨ ( ))) ((∀ ( ( ) ∨ (∀ ( )))

7 8 (∀ ( ( ) ( ))) ((∀ ( ( ) (∀ ( )))
7 8 (∀ ( ( )) (∀ ( ))) ((∀ ( ( ) ( )))
7'8 (∀ ( ( ))) ⇔ (∀ ( ))) (∀ ( ( ) ⇔ ( )))

# C , 9 ( , 7 H 8 6 9( # I
Q 9 ( , # D ( . / H
6 R . / D# I , ( . /
H 6 S . / D&# : 9 9 6
, / (D D& >;=E

7 8 D B D& 7 8 ⊂ &
7 8 &⊂ 7'8 9 / 1

%# D $/ C , .( 6 ( , 7 $' 8 6 +
- + ,/ S . / #I - /
6 . 9 $' # ? 6 S / 9
9 . 9 $' # D .( . / 9 $' / Σ# D
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 D7$8 / ( . / $' /
. # D 7$8 / ( . / $' /
,. #

: 9 9 6 , >;=E
7 8 D7$8 Σ F /( 7$8 ΣF
7 8 7$8 Σ F /( D7$8 ΣF
7 8 D7$8 7$8 ΣF
7'8 D7$8 7$8 ΣF

<# ( ,,
→
→
→
→
→
: I ,/ 9 , {} 9 C
, { }#
: 6 ( , 9 ( , 7'H 8 ?
, ( #: , ,(, (,/ 9 -( 9 'H E
7 8 & 7 8 7 8 7'8 !

# ( D 9 $(,. D ,, 9 ( (
$(,. D ,, 9 + 9 ( # : 9 9 6 ,
/ (D >;=E
7 8 D ( (
7 8 D + 9 ( /( (
(
7 8 D C ( (
7'8 9 / 1

# L1 / 6 . , 6 6 + ( . 6 6 (
.
I , . Q B T
O
F$ 69 ( . $ U $& FO
$ . 9 1 $& . 9 1
V7Q8T $7Q8T
,.( T ,.( T
$7Q8T V7Q8T
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 9 6 , / (. $ $&
5 5 . / 9 . $ 1#
5
5# 5 . / 9 . $& 1#

: 9 9 6 E
7 8 5 5
5 ( 7 8 5 ( /( 5
5 9
7 8 5
5 ( /( 5 9 7'8 5 5
5 9

&# 6 ( . $ $& ( 9( ( > >& >

> 6 / 6#
$ $&
,.( T ,.( T
; > T ; > T
; >&T ; >&T
; > T ; > T
; > T ; > T
. , , ( /
/ . , # 9 6 ( + / 6
9 ( / .
$& ,( ,. ( 9> / 9 $ > #
$ ,( ,. ( 9>& / 9 $& >&#
$& ,( ,. ( 9> / 9 $ > #
$ ,( ,. ( 9> / 9 $& > #
( / 6 . # 5
9 /
, . ( 9 / 1 ( 6
, ,(, (,/ 9/ , . E
7 8 7 8 & 7 8 7'8

# : 9 9 6 .( -( 6 6 ( .( ?
9 E

' 2 S

' 2

7 8 7 8

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 7 8 7'8

# : 1 6 ' '& 9 ( .. . # ' !

.. 6 + ( , 9 & &
6 '& % .. 6 & + ( , # )6
,( , / 1 ( '& 1 ' 9 + (
( E
7 8 & 7 8 & & 7 8 %" 7'8 C&
!# 6 $; ( I I 1 ( , . !
,. , ( 6 / 6#

& !
5 I I I! I& I I" I I I I I%
5
& I I I! I% I< I I! I" I I" I
5 I I I! I I% I I& I" I< I I I
5 I I I! I& I" I I! I I" I< I

: 9 9 6 . 9 +. . ( 9
I! I . 1 ( + )
( / , . 9 ( / + (
W
#
7 8 I! B J5
&# UI B 75 J 5 8 # J 75
& J 58 # !
7 8 I! B J 75
& J 58 # UI B 75 J 5 8 # J 75
& J 58 # !
7 8 I! B J 75
& J 58 # UI B 75
& J 5 J 58 # & J 75 J 5 8 # J 75
&
J 5 8# !
7'8 I! B J 75& J 58 # UI B 75
& J 58 # & J 5# J75 J 5 8 # J
75
& J 58 # !

"# D ( 1 ( 9( 9 . ,
1 ( # I, D ( 1 ( 9( 9
. , 1 ( # ( 1 ,( . (
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 9( 9 , 1 ( 9( # (,/ 9
,( . ( 9( . / ( 6
7 8 7 8 − 7 8 & − 7'8 &

# ( # )% × (& # )% 1 (

7 8 ( ! #" )% 7 8 ( ! #& )% 7 8 ( & #& )% 7'8 9

%# ( 6 / 6 ,. , &C .( G> ( 6 &C *;Q

7 (.. .( 8# : 1 ( 9 +
?E
+
= +

?
7 8 7 8 7 8 7'8

<# ( 9 . &! 6 / 1 !
(. 9,( ( + ( 1 9 6
L (. & L (. & L (. & L (.
L (. ! & #
)6 , / 9 6 / 1 / ( 1
, . ,, 1 ? , . ,, E
7 8 7 8 7 8 && 7'8 !!

! # 5 / 9 1 99 / 6 (,/ 9
9 (/ , &# 5
9 9 @
, ,(, (,/ 9
− −
7 8 & 7 8 & + 7 8 & − 7'8 &

! # D ( )/ 9
( 9 / (

( )=& + 9 ≥&
&

( )=
: 9 9 6 , >;=E

7 8 ( ) =θ( ) 7 8 ( ) =θ ( )
7 8 ( ) =θ( ) 7'8 ( ) =θ( )
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
!&# D L/ 6 ( . / 6 , + ,(, 6
L# I(.. , ,(, 6 . L #
: 9 9 6 , 6 >;=E
7 8 + ( L 1 9, + ,(, 6
7 8 + L 1 9, + ,(, 6
7 8 = /
7'8 L 1 , 6

! # 9 6 9( 6 I 5
5 , 6
, 9 # , 9 / /
. ,( #
,7 F F/8X
( Y &%W 0
T
9 70B T 0A &%T 0
JJ8 ( Y
0WB T
0B T
6 7 Y
0WUU /Y
0W8X
T
T
Z
9 70B T 0A &%T 0
JJ8 97 ( Y
0W8 ( T
( T
Z
1 9 , #
7 8 ( YY
0WW
JJ ( Y
/Y0
WWC
7 8 ( YY
0WW
JJ ( Y
/Y0
WWJJ
7 8 ( YY
0JJW
WJJ ( Y
/Y0
WWC
7'8 ( YY
0WW
JJ ( Y
/Y0
JJW
WC

! # 9 6 9
( C 9 . ,
, 9 # . .
( ( # 9
( 6 & !
" 1 # : 6 / 9 9 9
(
,. + ( E
( 7 1 (T ( F + TZT
1 7 ( F 8X
( F. F-T
,.T
97P P +8 ( T
.B T -B +T

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 6 7-8 X
,. B . 1 (T
. 1 ( B- 1 (T
- 1 ( B ,.T
. B- +T
-B . E . +T T
Z
Z
7 8 & ! " 7 8 & " !
7 8 & ! " 7'8 & ! "

!!# / (,/ & ! " %# :

1 . C 1 ( . ( -( 9
1 ( / ! & " % #59 1 . C
-( / 6 ( /
7 8 % " ! & 7 8 & % " !
7 8 & " % ! 7'8 & % " !

!"# D L/ . 6 1 + 9 (,/ 9, #
9, 1 + 1 + 099 0B J 0B #
, ,(, (,/ 9 . L9 , 1 + 1 +
7 8 7 8 7 8 & 7'8 <<

! # : ( .( . / 9 6 . ,E
[ ( A # @
9
7 8X
97 B B 8 ( T
97 N&8 ( 9
7 O
& &F 8 J T
( 9
7 O
& &F 8 T
, 78 X
. 9
73N 49
7& 88T
( T
7 8 ! 7 8 % 7 8 < 7'8 &

!%# D / # 9 6
, , 6 6 (,/ 6
9
9 . 9 (,/ I@ #
B T 0B T
6 70A 8 X
97=8 0
JJT

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 97 Y
0W YWBBI8 / T
JJT
Z
970A 8 . 9
73 4
8 . 973 4
8T
+. 9 =#
7 8 Y
0W YW@ I 7 8 Y
0W YWA I
7 8 YW YWA I 7'8 YW YW@ I

!<# D / / 6 C
#D / & / / , 6
/# (, + 9,
9 6 9( , #
5
# YW≥ /YW & W≥ YW
Y
5
5# YW≥ /YW & W≥ /YW
Y
5
55# YW≥ /YW & W≤ YW
Y
5
V# YW≥ /YW & W≤ /YW
Y
: 9 9 6 >;=E
7 8 5 5
5 7 8 5 5
V
7 8 5
5 5
55 7'8 5
55 5
V

" # : 6 ( . $ $& $ ( . ,#
. $; , -( , 1 , 9 .
6 / 6#

$ $ $; , -( 1 , 7 ,, 8
$ 7 8 & !
$& <
$ %7 6 8 !
: 1 9. ,. 1 C. ,. 1 ( # 5 . ,. 1
( C 1 . . . ,. (
( . 6 6 . #5 C. ,. 1 ( 1
. . ,( 6 9 ( + ( . ,.
/ 9 / ( . #
: ( ( , 7 , 9, 1 ,. 8 9$& (
. ,. 1 C. ,. 1 ( . 1 E
7 8 7 8
7 8 & & 7'8 &

" # &C6 1 , , 6 %
/ 7 C 8 , , , 6 &% / 7 C & 8# : , , /
6 / . 9 9 6 -( 9, , /
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 9 9D>; . ( 9 / . , E (,
1 , , / 9, ( 0/E
! < " !!
7 8 ! " !! 7 8 ! < " !! 7 8 ! < " !! 7'8 ! < " !!

"&# 6 ( & ( / . & # = .

. 9 ( # D . 9
9 # . ( 9, . 9
#

L1 9 6
5
# < &

5
5# & > &&

5
55# < &

5
V# & < &&

: 9 9 6 ( & 1 E
7 8 5 5
V 7 8 5
5 5
55
7 8 5 5
5 7'8 9 / 1

" # 5 ,.( , 9( 9 9 ? ! / << / ! /

&" / / #H 9 6 (
/ / & / / 7/( ,+ / ? 8# H
/ ( 9 / 9/ . 9, /
# ( . ( 9 (, 9
. 9 . / .
9, 9 / 9 9 # /
/ . 9, 9 9 9, 9 /( / #
: . -( 9 9 ( / /
& / / . 1 E
7 8 ! !% / 7 8 !% ! /
7 8 !" ! / 7'8 ! !" /

" # 1 / 9 ,. + 96 < N# 5 * , 6 H (
7* H8 & # ( 9 ( 9 ( ?
. 96 9( / 1 / 9<!N# 5
. * , > . 7* >8 / ! #
: * H 9 96 E
7 8 & ! 7 8 7 8 ! 7'8

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
"!# ( 6 / + 9 . , 96 .
/ 6 9( / 6#
I B

AB&

> 9 I BI J

I BI J9

B J

$ I

H / . / 9 . , , ,. +
7 8 ! 7 8 7 8 7'8 &

""# 5 96 , , 6 / 6 9 1
96 6 .& 9

. .& .

.!
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 9 1 ( 9 , 6 ( 9.
, ( 6 1 -( # , .. .
(
7 8 . 1 .& .& 1 . . .!
7 8 .& 1 . 1 . . .!
7 8 6, ( 9 9 6# , (
9 1 . 1 .&# .& ( 1 . . .!#
7'8 6, ( 9 9 6# , (
1 .&# .& 1 . 1 . . .!#

" # ,. , 9 , / . . ,
,, / 1 ( , #
, / 6 9 6 ,
9 B7 . ,, 8
5 ( / /( ( ,. 9(
6 . / ,, . , .
9 6 9 ,( #
5
9 ,, AB! / &N
5
9! A ,, AB / N
5
9 ,, @ / "N
5 9
9 6 9
9 I2D . ( , 9
/ 9 . ( . 9 6
;. 9
I ,, B ,, F # &
: ,, AB! T
& ;. 9
I ,, B ,, F #
: ,, @! ,, AB T
;. 9
I ,, B ,, F # "
: ,, @ T
: 9 9 6 . 9 ( 6 (.
,, 9 . E
7 8 =+ ( 9 6 / &9 6 /
7 8 =+ ( & 9 6 / T ( ( ( (
7 8 =+ ( 9 6 / &T ( ( ( (
7'8 =+ ( 9 6 / &9 6 /

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
"%# / ( 6 , 7 , , 8 /
// 6 , 7 // , 8 6 / 6#

/ ( / //
> , ) * > ) // ,
<% * 0> <! <%
& ! I (, 0 ! "% <% *(
& "< L(,, > %" & ! *(
&!% $ .$ " <& & "< I6 ,,
&" I( M( ! % &!%
& M , % & &"
&% & M V ! <& &" )
&<&" * 0M( ! < & 1 /
&<!< ), M %% &% & H /
&! > 0 ' ! %& &<&"
&<!< $ .
&! *(
&!

9 6 I2D-( + ( / 1 /

9, ( ( 0 //
6 , @B ! / 6 & T
> I ) 6 , , 9 6 /
. 1 , 9, (. # 6 ′
/ / 9 6 / .
′=Π ! "#$( (σ #%
!$= # !$
$&% $ (σ % > ! %
!$>&
$ %
!$<
$ ( ) ) ( &) )
9
9 / 6 (,/ 9 6 ( .( / I2D ,
(,/ 9 (. ′
7 8 " 7 8 7 8 & 7'8

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
"<# 5 1 , , , ,. , .
1 / 9, # ,
9 6 6 / 9, 6 , (.. / 6
(.. 6 6 ( . 6 , 6 C 1 9
, #

I(.. B 7 (.. , 8
51 B7 , 6 ( 1 8
H . 9 9, -( / , , 9 6 I2D-(
/ 6 #
I I *$ (..
H , (.. I *$
: ( -( 7I 5*$# (..
H , 51 I(.. 5 *$
: I *$# (.. B 5*$# (..
5 *$# , B 51 # ,
51 #6 ( B .( 8T
H 6 ( .( -( 6 9 (.. 6
7 8 (.. , 7 8 (.. + ,
7 8 (.. , , 7'8 (.. 6 , ,

# 5 , 6 /( ' = 9 6 99
(
. 1 #
→
→
'→ (
→'
( →
: 9 9 6 9
( . G ,. / / 1 E
7 8 ' 7 8 ' ' 7 8 ' 7'8

# 6 6 I* O ' . * ( L/. 1
, / 6 . # . / &× %
,O #
, ,(, 9 , ? 9 6 ( /
7 8 / 7 8 / 7 8 ! / 7'8 ! /

&# / 9 /. C6 . . 9& , #
.( 6 . # , , 9
6 , 9, / # 9
9 9 ! N
, ,(, 9 , ? ( /

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 7 8 % / 7 8 % / 7 8 " / 7'8 " /

# G $ ( 6 6 ? : 6B
M# 6 6 ? 1 / 1 1 : 6B" M #
/ / D I B & /
6 / 1 D B % <&# ( 6 6 ?

7 8 & %/ 7 8 <" / 7 8 " / 7'8 % <& /

# 5 ,,( 6 . 9 D/ D 6
. / / 9. D& 6 . / / 9.&# D D D& 1 /
. / / 9/ /& . 1 # . / / . 6 /
1 6 ( 1 D D&

7 8 ( − )) + ( − )& ) & 7 8 − ( ) + )& ) &

7 8 ( − )) ( − )& ) & 7'8 (

− ) + )& & )

!# 5 '* , (, /( D ,
. 9 , # (, 9 , ,
, / .( C C . . # (, . .
. 9& × % ,O # 9 D , 6 / 6 9
*/. # , + ,(, (,/ 9 / 6 D
&
( .( 9 / */.

7 8 7 8 ! 7 8 7'8 &

"# ,. 6 9& #& #& # # 56 1

(/ 6 6 6 ! # : 9
9 6 . . 9 / 9 (/ O(/ , . E
7 8 & #& #& # &%O
&!!#&!!#&!!# <&
& #& #& # O
&!!#&!!#&!!# &%
& #& #& #" O
&!!#&!!#&!!# &%
7 8 & #& #& # O
&!!#&!!#&!!# <&
& #& #& # <&O
&!!#&!!#&!!# &%
& #& #& #" O
&!!#&!!#&!!# &%
7 8 & #& #& # &%O
&!!#&!!#&!!# &%
& #& #& # <&O
&!!#&!!#&!!# <&
& #& #& #&& O
&!!#&!!#&!!# <&
7'8 & #& #& # &%O
&!!#&!!#&!!# &%
& #& #& #" O
&!!#&!!#&!!# <&
& #& #& # O
&!!#&!!#&!!# <&

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 # (, 3 #, , # ,4 5$ 9 !# &%# "#%# :
9 9 6 . 6 ( / , .. . (/ -( 9 .
. 9, 1 (. 9 !# &%# "#%E 5 9 6 . 3 I4
// 1 93 , 1 4 E
7 8 2( I9 , I9 3 ,4 ,
7 8 ' -( I 9 3 ,4 I9 3
, , # ,4 ,
7 8 2( I9 C # . I9 &%# !# C # . ,
7'8 ' -( I 9 !# C # . I 9 &%# !# C
# . , #
%# 9 6 , *B # (
7 > 89 , ( 1 . , !
+ + &
+
7 8 7 8 7 8 7'8

<# I(.. 6 . 6 (. ,, 7'C) 8

/ 6 , 1 ( '99 C) , + -( #
, (( . , 1 # $ &
. ! . 1 # 'C)
7 8 7 8 7 8 ! 7'8 "

% # L1 / 6 + . 9 +, . 9 #
AP'G R$= / IRI =* 3 / # 4
@
A @
A @L =& ! AO @
A . 1 ( B 3 >G );>=4
O@
A @ & "& %"AO @
AO @
A @
A . 1 ( B3
H5 5
G 4
O@
A @ & ! % AO @
AO @
L1 / 6 1 . / + . 9 , 3/ # 4
# H 6 + .
6 ( / 1 . 9 / 1 E
7 8 AP=D=*= 7 J . 8@
AP=D=*= 7[$ ' 8@
AP=D=*= . =*$ R@
AP D5
I . 1 ( 7 >G );>=O
H5 5
G O = ) 5 D8@
AP=D=*= 7[$ ' 8@
7 8 AP=D=*= 7 E . 8@
AP=D=*= 7[$ ' 8@
AP=D=*= . D5
I @
AP D5
I . 1 ( 7 >G );>=O
H5 5
G O = ) 5 D8@
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 AP=D=*= 1 ( 7[$ ' 8@
7 8 AP=D=*= 7 F . 8@
AP=D=*= 7[$ ' 8@
AP=D=*= . D5
I @
AP D5
I . 1 ( 7 >G );>=O
H5 5
G O = ) 5 D8@
AP=D=*= 7[$ ' 8@
7'8 AP=D=*= 7 E . 8@
AP=D=*= 7[$ ' 8@
AP=D=*= . =*$ R@
AP D5
I . 1 ( 7 >G );>=O
H5 5
G O = ) 5 D8@
AP=D=*= 7[$ ' 8@

2 0 * * 1+ *1$& . / 0

' 2 0 * 1+ 1+&
% -( # , 9 , ( ,
, % , . 1 # , . 9 * #

% # 3 4: , ( 9 / 9 (
6 1 6
78 D V
7 8 ( V
7 8 78% * 7 8& * 7 8 78& * 7 8% *
7 8 78% * 7 8 " * 7'8 7 8 " * 7 8 % *

3 45
9 & . ( 9 !
9 , , 1 . 9
, O ( 1 9" >$* 6
,( , 6 * (( 9,
9 ( , E
7 8 #! , 7 8 , 7 8 <#! , 7'8 & ,

' 2 0 * 1# 1#&
/ / & (. % / # / &
(. & / # 6 / 1 / 0 .
. 9 0 / 1 ( 9 1 . 9 9,
6 / # , , /(9
9 . 1 / + / 9 9
/ 9 9 & ,( ( . , # +
1 / / #

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
%&# 3 45
9 . 0 , ,. . 9, 0 6 ,
.. . 9 / / ( ( . (,/ 9/
-( 9
7 8 % 7 8 % 7 8 & & 7'8

3 459 9 . 0 . 0 ( 6
, .. . 9 / ( . ( (,/ 9
/ -( 9 6 /
7 8 7 8 7 8 % 7'8 <%

' 2 0 * 1- 1-&
+ C9 ,,
( →( +(
( → (( F ( )
( →
: = ,/ 9 , { ( + ) F} 9
C , {(} #

% # 3 4: 9 9 6 , , . 6
. / 1 ,, E
7 8 J J J 7 8 J7 F 7 F 88
7 8 7 F 7 F 88 J 7'8 77 F J 8F 8

3 4H , 6 , . / (
2( % 6, . . / E
7 8 ! 7 8 7 8 7'8 &

' 2 0 * 15 15&
. 1 + ( 9, 1 1 +
≠ 9, 1 +# . L6
1 . / 0 , + 6 = 9
9,1 + 6 # 9 6 , , 6
. L#
= T
X
0
BJ T
6 770
A 8 UU = 80
JJT
970
A 8=&T
Z 6 70
A 8
9 B T
! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
9 70
B T0
A T0
JJ8
970
PB8UU= 8 9 B T
9
79 8 . 9
73I + 4
8 . 9
73I + 4
8T

% # 34 +. 9 ( (&

7 8 ( (& = T 7 8 ( P (& = + T

7 8 ( P (& = T 7'8 ( (& = + T

34 +. 9 (

7 8 ( UUP ) 7 8 (P UUP )
7 8 (P P ) 7'8 ( P )

' 2 0 * 1$ 1$&

,. . 6 ( # = . .
( # = , ( / + . ( / (
. 9 . (
( # 5 ( / ,. # ( / ( (.
9 6#5 (. 1 . 9, #

78 , 6 / ( . / # 5
9
1 / / ( # G 6
∞#
7 8 H , / / ( 1
/ ( 7 + .8
7 8 = (. ( / / 9, 1
. 1 ( 6 . / , ,(, #

' H

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
%!# 3 4H . 1 / 1 . / ( / 9 1 ( 9
1 / ? 6 9 6 . # 5 9
/ E

7 8 / 9 7 8 / 9

C C

C C
' ' '
= = =
H H =

7 8 / 9 7'8 / 9 '

C C

' ' ' C C

= & = =
H ' & H H

34 ( 9, . / , (.. , , 6
1 / ? 6 # 9, H ,
(" + )
7 8 @ /( 9 7 8 ∞ 7 8 7'8 @ ≤

! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %
 ! "
# !!$ # % ! & '%
( !!$ % %