similar job, adequate perks, post-retirement benefits, linking of performance with

adequate rewards (Gevrek et al., 2020; Tirta & Enrika, 2020) and foreign trips. “Highly

competitive wage systems promote employee commitment and thus results in the attraction and

retention” (Luna-Arocas et al., 2020). According to Badre (2020), most of the employees in the

age group of 20 to 40 years old focus on high salaries and better career development. 

For the Relations with manager, factors are meeting the superior's expectations,

recognition of efforts by the superiors, accessibility of superiors and compatibility with

immediate superior. Therefore, “leadership” (Ohunakin et at., 2019; Iqbal et al., 2020) and strong

management (Searle, 2020) are essential for any organization, the team provide direction and

vision, motivate and inspire others to achieve the organization's goals, and help to create an

environment conducive to success by promoting communication and collaboration among team

members. Presently, sustainable leadership (Iqbal et al., 2021c) has emerged as an effective

leadership style to cope with sustainable challenges. Leaders are highly concerned about real-

time problems and establish new benchmarks, develop understanding, shape employees’

behaviors, and accomplish organizational objectives (Iqbal et al., 2021a). Leaders can facilitate

employees by understanding their issues and creating a psychologically safe environment

through individualized consideration (Iqbal et al., 2021b) and implementing continuous

improvement (Iqbal & Piwowar-Sulej, 2022). Transformational leadership is considered highly

effective in driving employee retention (Amankwaa et al., 2019), in which the leaders initiate,

execute, and interconnect change with the desired outcomes

Ali et al. (2020); Andreev et al. (2021); Ali et al. (2021); Andreevich et al. (2021); Leonova et al.
(2021); Murad et al. (2013); Nahar & Zayed (2019); Tumpa & Zayed (2016); Shil et al. (2020)
examined personality and socialization as a factor affecting employee retention under the