Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL

Grade 11/12

Reading and
Writing Skills
Quarter 3:
MELC 2- LAS 3
Evaluate a written text based on its properties
 English – Grade 11/12
Learning Activity Sheet
RWS: Week 3- LAS 3
Evaluate a written text based on its properties
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Schools Division of Negros Occidental
Cottage Road, Bacolod City, Negros Occidental

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by the Schools Division of Negros

Occidental (with portions adopted from the modules authored by Jackielyn G.
Calderon together with the development team of SDO La Union, Patricio T. Dawaton
together with the development team of DepEd – Cordillera Administrative Region and
Rhoda P. Embang of Negros Occidental High School, contextualized and localized),
and to be utilized by DepEd Divison of Negros Occidental.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from DepEd - Region VI and Division of Negros Occidental.

Development & Enhancers Team of Reading and Writing Skills Learning Activity Sheet
Writer/ Developer: Rhoda P. Embang –Negros Occidental High School
Patricio T. Dawato – Deped - CAR
Jackielyn G. Calderon – SDO La Union

Quality Assurance Team: Rhoda P. Embang

Negros Occidental High School
Airyl Policianos – Francisco
Hinigaran National High School

Enhancement Team:
Irene J. Bañez
Ami Mari D. Tolentino
Jellen G. Bardeloza
Phoebe S. Catague
Starlyn Jean N. Cabalonga
Pontevedra National High School

Cheryl D. Literal
Tabao National High School

1
 Welcome to Reading and Writing Skills!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the adopted portions of module

from SDO La Union, DepEd – CAR and the collaborative efforts of Schools Division of
Negros Occidental and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to guide
the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults) in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Reading and Writing Skills Learning Activity Sheet will help you
facilitate the teaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and
learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Reading and Writing Skills Learning Activity Sheet is developed to help
you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and
answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule.

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) NO. 1
READING AND WRITING SKILLS ACTIVITY SHEET

I. Learning Competency (MELC) with Code

Evaluate a written text based on its properties (EN11/12RWS-IIIgh-4)

II. Background Information for Learners

 PROPERTIES OF WRITTEN TEXT
When you are reading a text, how do you assess the effectiveness of the writer?
What are the things that you are looking into a written text for you to determine that it is
worth the time reading it? How can you say that the text is well-written? How do you
differentiate a good and bad article?

For a text to be well-written, one must keep in mind these four properties:

a. text organization
b. cohesion and coherence
c. language use
d. language mechanics

A. TEXT ORGANIZATION
Text organization is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged.
It is said that ideas are well developed when there is a clear statement of purpose,
position, facts, examples, specific details, definitions, explanations, justifications, or
opposing viewpoints.
 Features of Text Organization
1. Physical Format
The format is an aspect of the organization that is immediately
apparent to the reader. It is seen in how the text physically appears like
headings and subheadings, bullet points, or font emphasis.

Example:
Exemplification provides typical cases or examples of something to prove
a point. It is very helpful when you want to discuss complex subjects, topics,
or concepts to your readers through the listing, enumerating, and giving
examples that are common to your target readers or audience.
Exemplification writing uses specific, vivid examples to add more
information to explain, persuade, define or illustrate a general idea. It moves
from general to a specific idea.
The transition words and phrases that signal the reader that additional
specific details follow are: such as, for example, for instance, like, in
particular.

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 Explanation:
The words in bold are significant in the concept presented. By
emphasizing these words, the reader can identify easily the important terms
in the text. It would aid a reader to remember the words since the words
stick out from the rest of the text.

2. Structure
The structure refers to the complete framework of the text. It consists of

• Beginning: introduction, thesis statement

• Middle: supporting details
• End: conclusion, summary, the final message
3. Signal Words-
Signal words are the cue in the ordering of events and concepts.

Guiding Questions For Organization

These guiding questions for an organization can help you to make sure that
you have provided coherent transitions between the ideas in your writing.
 Does your piece have a clear beginning, middle, and end?
 Does your piece have a strong beginning that hooks the reader?
 Does your piece have a strong ending that fits the focus?
 Are the ideas and actions connected?
 Can your reader follow the piece logically from beginning to end?
 Is it complete? Does it feel finished?

B. COHERENCE AND COHESION

Coherence and cohesion make your text easier for your readers to follow and
understand. Coherence is the connection of ideas to the central concept of the text
while cohesion is the relationship of ideas between sentences. Both should be present
in your text because having one without the other will still create confusion for readers.

Coherence without cohesion has a central concept or glue that holds all the
different ideas together. Although without cohesion, there is no apparent logic to the way
these ideas are presented. The writer appears to move on to another related idea
without a proper transition from the previous idea.

Cohesion without coherence has ideas that are logically sequenced in a way that
is easy to follow for the reader. Although without cohesion, no central concept links all
these ideas together. The main point of the text remains unclear for readers.

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 C. LANGUAGE USE

You must make good choices when it comes to language use because how you use
the language affects the tone of the text and the reader’s interpretation of it.
When you are writing, you need to have the command of the language. You must
know when to appropriately use formal language and when to nonchalantly use informal
language. Formal language is used in writing academic, business, and official texts while
informal language is used when writing for oneself or in writing to family, friends, and
colleagues.

Examples:
1. We asked the secretary to call the professor and get her permission for us
to continue our research.
2. We requested the secretary to contact the professor and obtain her
permission for us to continue our research.

Explanation:
In the first sentence, the writer used casual words such as asked, call, and
get permission, which made the sentence informal. The second sentence used
more polite words such as: requested instead of asked, contact instead of call, and
obtain permission instead of getting permission. This sentence is formal and is
appropriate to use when talking or writing to a person of authority.

When you write, you should make sure that the language used is direct
and simple rather than complicated so that readers would easily understand the
text and you should be sensitive enough to use unbiased language (Unbiased
language is a language that is free of racial bias, religious bias, and gender bias)
so that you will not offend any individual or any particular group of people.

Before writing, you have to think about and consider your target audience.
The time-tested principles in writing are:
 Use clear and concise sentences. Use precise vocabulary
 Avoid redundancies, jargon, slang, wordiness, clichés, and highfalutin language.
 Avoid excessive use of there and its structures.
 Be consistent with pronouns
 Avoid sexist language.

D. LANGUAGE MECHANICS

Language mechanics is a set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate,

punctuate, and capitalize. It is important to know and observe these conventions in
writing to avoid confusion.

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 Conventions in Writing
1. Spelling
It refers to forming of words from letters according to accepted usage. Make sure
that you are consistently using one standard about the spelling of your words.
Remember that there are slight differences in American English and British English
spelling.

American Spelling British Spelling

Color Colour
Defense Defence
Organize Organise
Traveled Travelled
Theater Theatre
Learned Learnt
Airplane Aeroplane
Anesthesia Anaesthesia
Analyze Analyse
Aging Ageing

Explanation:

• Before writing, think of your target audience. Whether you write using British or
American spelling, it is important to be consistent in spelling. If you are unsure of
the spelling of a word, consult a dictionary or a spell checker.
2. Punctuation
It pertains to the act or practice of inserting standardized marks or signs in the
written matter to clarify the meaning and separate structural units. The use of
punctuation guides the reader regarding how the text should be read. The purpose
of punctuation is to clarify the meanings of texts by linking or separating words,
phrases, or clauses.

Types of punctuation
There are fifteen basic punctuation marks in English grammar. These include the
period, comma, exclamation point, question mark, colon, semicolon, bullet point, dash,
a hyphen, parenthesis, bracket, brace, ellipsis, quotation mark, an apostrophe.

3. Capitalization
Capitalization is the act of writing the first letter of a word in uppercase while the
rest of the letters are in lowercase. There are rules in capitalization that one has to
remember. Below are few examples of words that require capitalization:
a) Proper nouns: Alex, Manila
b) Proper adjectives: Canadian

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 c) Days of the week: Sunday
d) Months of the year: January
e) Specific course titles: Theater 101
f) Kinship names used in place of personal names: Grandma, Dad, Aunt Paz,
Uncle Alvin
g) Adjectives, verbs, adverbs, nouns, and pronouns in a title and the first and last
word in a title: Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There
(literature) And I Am Telling You I’m Not Going (song)
h) Historical periods, events, documents: Great Depression, the Renaissance, the
Constitution

III. Activity Proper

A. Pre- Activity:
Direction: Read each item carefully and determine the property of a well-written text
referred to. Use the jumbled letters as your clue. Answer this on a sheet of paper.
Description Jumbled Letters Answer
1. This refers to the logical flow
and connection in a written text SOCOHENI
using devices to link sentences
together.

2. This covers the arrangement

of the ideas presented in the IZANOGAROTIN
paragraph.

3. It is the use of appropriate

language and words in delivering ESA LAENGUGU
the messages.

4. It refers to the unity or

togetherness of the text as a HEROCENCE
whole.
5. It is characterized as a set of
conventions on how to spell,
abbreviate, punctuate and
capitalize a composition. SECHAMINC

B. Activity Proper:
Accomplish the tasks and answer the guide questions in one whole sheet of
paper.

Task 1: ORGANIZATION.
Direction: Based on the given text make an outline about its content.

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 All about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning

Nowadays, online learning turns out to be more and more practiced. Many
traditional universities started to share their courses online for free. It represents an easy
and comfortable method to achieve knowledge in almost every field, from law and
accounting, to human sciences, such as psychology and sociology or history. Online
learning is a great alternative to traditional universities, especially for people who can’t
afford the time and money to take real courses. But what are the advantages and
disadvantages of online learning?

Advantages of Online Learning

Although many people still consider traditional universities as the best way to
achieve knowledge and get a diploma, online learning proves to be a great alternative.
Students have the chance to study in their own time and especially for free. It represents
a great way to study many fields and to boost the level of self-motivation. Online learning
is so effective because students can finish their homework quickly, and there is more time
left for hobbies or for finding a job.
An access to all resources of a traditional course helps participants learn wherever
they are, leaving them the freedom to choose the time for study. With basically an Internet
connection, a person can attend different courses. Among the advantages of online
learning there are the responsibility and self-discipline of students.

Disadvantages of Online Learning

Only in a small group a person can develop properly. At school, students learn how
to make friends, be patient, get rid of disappointment, and especially to compete.
Competition between colleagues can be very stimulating and students will only benefit
from it. Online learning cannot offer human interaction.
Another disadvantage refers to the fact that online courses cannot cope with thousands
of students that try to join discussions. Also, online learning can be difficult, if it is meant
for disciplines that involve practice.
In conclusion, online learning should be seen as a complement and extension of
classical forms of learning. Not even the best online course can fully replace the personal
contact with a teacher, or the human relationships that develop in a group. So, traditional
classes shouldn’t be replaced with online learning.

https://elearningindustry.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-online-learning

Topic: ______________________________________

I. Introduction:______________________________________________________
II. ________________________________________________________________
A. _____________________________________________________________

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 B. _____________________________________________________________
III. ________________________________________________________________
A. _____________________________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________________________
IV. Conclusion:_______________________________________________________

Pattern of Development: __________________________________________________

Task 2: COHERENCE.
Directions: Read the following excerpt and copy in your answer sheet the sentence which
is misplaced or out of order. State your reason why you have chosen this.

The Benefits of Recycling Paper

Louie G. Mendoza
Recycling paper has benefits. First, recycling can help you save more trees.
You can also earn money by recycling. Apparently, producing tons of paper
means cutting more trees. Cutting trees, especially illegal logging leads to
deforestation. Deforestation on the other hand, destroys the natural habitat of
animals, which can lead to the extinction of some species. During typhoons and
hurricanes, deforested mountains become more prone to soil erosion.
Consequently, erosion can be very destructive and life-threatening to people. If
we save trees, these problems can be avoided. Indeed saving more trees by
reducing the production of new paper by recycling can save the lives of both
humans and animals.
You may also save money by recycling. Earning through recycling is simple
and easy. There are nearby establishments that buy and recycle paper. Junk
shops, for instance buy piles used paper, old newspapers and cartons for
recycling purposes. A kilo of used paper amounts to a certain price, and the
more kilos of used paper you are able to sell, the more money you can earn.
Recycling also helps you minimize your expenses. Instead of buying new
cleaning rags, you can use old newspaper to clean and polish glass windows
and mirrors. You can use old newspapers and magazine to cover your books
and notebooks. By selling used paper, you can have extra money to buy
something special for yourself. Instead of buying expensive room decorations,
you can transform old pieces of paper into colorful and unique wallpaper designs
and creative pieces of artwork like origami. Hence, you do not only save money
through recycling but also develop your creativity and resourcefulness. Also, the
absence of trees contributes to air pollution which, statistically, is proven to
cause contagious and deadly respiratory illnesses.
Indeed, recycling paper can do wonders. It can save your life, give your
money, and develop your art skills. Start recycling papers now.
https://h.phoenix.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/senior-high-school-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf

MISPLACED/OUT OF ORDER SENTENCE REASON

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Task 3: COHESION.
Direction: Pick out the most appropriate signal word. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.

Everyone knows that newspapers are very important; (moreover, hence,

otherwise), the business of putting up a newspaper has become a very important affair.
A daily newspaper has several important functions; (besides, eventually, therefore),
great care is taken to ensure these functions. It has to gather a lot of news; (in addition,
meanwhile, yet), it has to utilize a wide selection of news to be published. It has to
determine which news is important. (Naturally, In fact, Finally), it gives this news more
space and (but, yet, otherwise), he does not speak out in his name but reflects the
opinion of the majority.
Adapted, Garon (Abayan et al. 2010: 42)

Task 4: LANGUAGE USE.

Direction: Read and analyze the given texts. Check the box which corresponds to the
description given on the left column. Copy the table in your answer sheet.

TEXT 1 TEXT 2

Mental health has become another This COVID-19 pandemic caused

issue during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Many people experienced extreme
emotional stress due to worry about health
and financial concerns due to the great
number of unemployment caused by
business shutdown of various business
sectors.
extreme feelings of sadness and worry.
Many people lost their jobs since many
businesses had to close due to the
restrictions. I think more people will
suffer because they would worry about
looking for money to sustain their
needs.

Text 1 Text 2
1. The author seems detached. (formal)
2. The author seems to converse causally.
(informal)
3. The words used are quite complex. (formal)
4. The words used are simple and daily vocabulary.
(informal)

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Task 5: MECHANICS.
Direction: Read and analyze the given text. Then, accomplish the table below in your
answer sheet.

Economy of Negros Occidental ( an excerpt)

Known as the "Sugarbowl of the philippines", the sugar industry is the lifeblood of
the economy of Negros Occidental, producing more than half of the countrys sugar. There
are 15 sugar centrals located throughout the lowland areas the north and west of the
island, stretching from northwest along the coasts of the Visayan Sea and Guimaras
Strait. Among the larger mills are in San Carlos, La Carlota, Bago, Binalbagan,
Kabankalan, Sagay, Silay, Murcia and Victorias. Victorias Mill in Victorias City is the
largest sugar mill in the country, and the world's largest integrated sugar mill and refinery.
Sugar is transported from plantations to refineries by large trucks that use the national
highway.
A fishing industry is found in Cadiz City, and other fishpands that dot the province.
One of the country's largest copper mines is located in Sipalay City. There also exists a
cottage industry which produced handicrafts made from indigenous materials.
The province is rich in mineral deposits. Minerals that abound in the province are
primary copper with estimated reserve of 591 million metric tons and gold ore with
estimated reserve of 25 million tons. Silver and molybdenum deposits are also abundant,
as well as non-metallic minerals suitable for agricultural and industrial uses.
Notwithstanding its great potential, the mining industry in Negros Occidental has
remained virtually dormant since the biggest copper mine in sipalay suspended its
operation in the year 2000.
Bacolod is the center of commerce and finance in Negros Occidental. It has oil
companies, factories, bottling plants, allied industrial businesses, steel fabrication, power
generation, agri-businesses, prawn culture and other aqua-culture ventures.
It is also the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) hub of the Negros Island
Region of the Philippines. Bacolod has an estimated 35,000 workforce in the IT-BPO
industry working in 20 major companies. Among the notable BPO companies operating
in the city are Convergys, Teleperformance, TTEC, Focus Direct International, Inc. –
Bacolod, Panasiatic Solutions, Ubiquity Global Services, Transcom Asia and iQor. As of
2019, Negros Occidental has a total of 13 operating PEZA-registered IT Parks and
Centers.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Occidental

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 MECHANICS Put check Identify the error/s if Write the corrected
mark if there’s there is/are error
no error
Spelling

Capitalization

Punctuation

Guide Questions:
1. What gave you an idea on the pattern of development that was used in Task 1?
2. How were the ideas presented in the paragraph in Task 1?
3. Why did you consider those statements misplaced or out of order in Task 2?
4. Why is it important to use the correct transitional device in a paragraph or essay in
Task 3?
5. Based on Task 4, differentiate formal and informal tone in English language?
6. Based on the table on Task 5 what can you conclude about mechanics in writing a
text?
7. Based on the activities, what are the properties of a well-written text? Present your
answer in an idea map

Properties of a
Well- Written
Text

IV. Reflection
Complete the sentences.
1. Before this lesson I learned that ________________________________.
2. After this lesson I learned that __________________________________.
3. I realized that in life, I can apply these concepts in __________________.

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 14
Pre-activity:
1. Cohesion
2. Organization
3. Language Use
4. Coherence
5. Mechanics
Activity:
Task 1
Topic: There are advantages and disadvantages in online learning.
I. Online learning is a great alternative for traditional universities.
II. There are advantages for online learning.
A. Students can study in their own time.
B. Students develop responsibility and self-discipline.
III. There are disadvantages for online learning.
A. Online learning cannot offer human interaction.
B. Online classes cannot cope with too many students.
IV. Online learning should be seen as a complement and extension of traditional learning.
Pattern of Development: Persuasion
Task 2
1. You can also earn money by recycling. (Misplaced since it does not support the statement it
follows.)
2. By selling used paper, you can buy something special for yourself.
3. Also, the absence of trees contributes to pollution, which, statistically, proven to cause
contagious and deadly respiratory illnesses.
Task 3
1. Hence
2. Therefore
3. Yet
4. Naturally
5. Yet
Task 4
Text 1 Text 2
/
/
/
/
V. Answer Key
 15
Guide Questions:
1. The author presented an issue in the introduction, it discussed the advantages and
disadvantages in the body and had a conclusion.
2. The ideas were presented in IBC format using the persuasive structure.
3. They do not support the ideas preceding them.
4. It helps establish the relationship of ideas and sentences in a paragraph.
5. Formal tone speaks in third person and uses a more complex vocabulary while
formal is conversational and uses simple words.
6. It changes the meaning of the sentence.
TASK 5:
MECHANICS Put check mark Identify the error’s Write the corrected
if there’s no if there is/are error
error
Spelling Fishpands fishponds
straight Strait
Capitalization Philippines Philippines
sipalay Sipalay
Punctuation countrys sugar country’s sugar
Cohesion
Mechanics and
Coherence
Properties
of a Well-
Written
Language Organization
Use
VI. References
Printed Resources
Miciano, Mishima Z. and Miciano, Remedios C. 2016. Enhanced English
Engagements: English for Academic and Professional Purposes. Don
Bosco Press, Inc
Anacay, M.E. and River M. X. (2016).Critical Reading and Writing Skills for the
21st Century. Quezon City. The Inteligente Publishing, Inc.
Anudin, A.G. and Peña, A.S. (2016).Reading and Writing. Quezon City. Vibal
Group Inc.
Autida, M.B., Narca, A.F. and Panugaling, M.C. (2016). Cebu City. MCP
Shakespearean Creations Publishing.
Barrot, J.S. (2016). Academic Reading and Writing for Senior High School.
Quezon City. C&E Publishing, Inc.
Cidro, M.O., et al.(2016). Quezon City. Integrated English for Effective
Communication: Reading and writing skills in senior high school.
Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing, Inc.
Cruz, C.O., Malata-Silva, J.H. & Marcia, A.T. (2018). Reading and Writing
Skills. Quezon City. IBON Foundation, Inc.
Tandoc, S.D. (2016). Reading and Writing Skills for Senior High School. Manila
City. Mindshapers Co., Inc.
Electronic Resources
https://elearningindustry.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-online-learning
https://h.phoenix.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/senior-high-school-
ilovepdf- compressed.pdf
https://www.acadshare.com/properties-well-written-text-worksheet/
https://www.fonts.com/content/learning/fontology/level-3/signs-and-symbols/
punctuation
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452315116300819?fbclid=Iw
AR3qFVU3rHZxbg5rgKWN3xDPfYUC4tdugHaiC9mAiNm51HWrDzsqXhc
aC5I
https://www.slideshare.net/KatrinaClaireLandich/properties-of-a-well-written-text-.
14 July 2020
Cause and Effect Examples. Retrieved July 24, 2020 from
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/cause-and-effect-examples.html
Patterns of Development in Writing. Retrieved July 24, 2020 from
https://web.lit.educ/cac/student-resources/writing
guides/writingprocess/patterns-development-writing
Journey North Teacher’s Manual. Retrieved July 24, 2020 from
https://journeynorth.org/tm/ReadStrat15.html
Persuasion-Examples and Definition of Persuasions. Retrieved July 25, 2020
from https://literarydevices.net/persuasion/
Compare and Contrast Online Vs. Classroom Instruction. Retrieved July 27,
2020 from https://education.seattlepi.com/compare-contrast-online-vs-
classroominstruction-1757.html
Problem-Solution Essays. Retrieved July 28, 2020 from
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/problemsolution/
Free Capitalization Worksheet. Retrieved July 28, 2020 from
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/capitalization/free-
capitalizationworksheet.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Occidental

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