MGT3219E OCTOBER 2021 – ANSWER BOOKLET (FINAL EXAMINATION) Page 1 of 5

INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS (HONS) BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION – LS
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS (HONS) INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS – LS
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS (HONS) HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - LS

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Question 1

a. Ethics can be described as a set of principles that contains behavioral guidelines Grading
for determining what is right and wrong. It also defines the moral duties and
Obligations that every human being should follow.

b.
1. To keep existing customer – Maintain customer loyalty and business sustainability.
2. To attract new customer – A good business or corporate image will attract new
customers and increase profitability.
3. To please customers, employees and society - Aim to meet the demands of key
stakeholders, such as customers, employees, and the community they serve.
4. To reduce employee turnover - retain employee loyalty and, as a result, improve
organizational effectiveness
5. To avoid lawsuits - safeguard the company's excellent image and dignity by
adhering to rules and regulations

c.
1.Descriptive - Descriptive Ethics is an investigation of the real norms or standards of a
certain organization may be referred to as ethics. It might also include comprehending
the ethical reasoning processes.

2. Normative - Normative ethics is primarily concerned with the possibility of

justification. It focuses on morality as its theme. It is concerned with what we truly
ought to do rather than what people assume we ought to do, and is determined by
reasoning or moral argument.
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Question 2

a. Grading
1. Balancing the economic character of organizations with justice and fairness
Stakeholder responsibility - can be viewed as a company's corporate social
responsibility effort. Economic to make a profit, boost sales, and cut costs.
For legal it abides with all laws and regulations, including those governing the
environment, employment, and consumer protection. For Ethical - Do what is right,
just and fair. In the organization, assert ethical leadership. Philanthropic act as a good
corporate citizen by volunteering.

2. Responsibility to stakeholders
Individuals or groups to whom a company owes a duty are referred to as
stakeholders. Businesses are accountable to their employees. They should maintain a
clean and safe working environment. Employee self-worth may be increased by
organizations implementing empowerment initiatives.

3. Level of openness
Openness is being responsive to others and being inclusive rather than exclusive. It is
open to many perspectives.

4. Conflict of interest
A conflict of interest occurs when a person or entity has two relationships contending
for the individual's allegiance. For example, the individual may be devoted to both an
employment and a family company.

5. Personality traits
A character-based approach to business ethics seeks to cultivate specific character or
personality attributes deemed to be conducive to sound business operations. Honesty,
bravery, and empathy are examples of such characteristics that are commonly used in
ethical discourse.

b.
1. Companies - Capitalism allows for the formation of corporations or commercial
organisations that exist independently of the individuals who work for them - as a
separate and distinct entity. Within the community, it does have prescribed rights and
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legal duties. A corporation can engage into contracts and sue or be sued in a court of
law.

2. Profit Motive Self-interest - Humans are economic beings who perceive and are
driven by their own economic self-interest. The profit incentive lies at the heart of
capitalism. It is assumed that human beings are motivated by economic self-interest.

3. Private Property Capitalism - Private ownership of the primary means of

production and distribution are required for capitalism. Factories, warehouses, offices,
machinery computer systems, trucking fleets, agricultural land, and everything else that
contributes to a country's economic resources are examples of methods of production
and distribution.

4. Competition- Economic competition steers the individual pursuit of self-interest in a

socially beneficial direction. Competition keeps prices for desired goods from
escalating.

Question 3

a. Grading
Employers have the authority to fire or terminate individuals who perform poorly, but
they should do so as quickly as possible. Before dismissing an employee, management
should follow a logical and fair decision-making process and carefully examine the
factors that led to that choice. There are four categories of corporate social
Responsibilities.

1. Economic responsibility
Economic responsibility necessitates those businesses be successful in order for
shareholders to get an acceptable rate of return on their investment and employees to be
gainfully employed in order to support their families.

2. Legal responsibility
Legal responsibility entails a company's obligation to follow all applicable laws and
regulations. Company regulations, for example, require directors to fulfil their fiduciary
obligation in managing a company's assets and investments. This obligation obligates
them to constantly act in the best interests of their shareholders.

3. Ethical Responsibility
Ethical responsibility entails corporations doing what is right, fair, and just in their
dealings with all stakeholders, even if the law does not mandate it. Firms must conduct
themselves in accordance with society standards and expectations.

4. Philanthropic responsibility
Philanthropic duty is something that is wanted or anticipated by society rather than
something that is demanded of businesses. Firms take on this obligation willingly in
order to "give back" to the society that supports their survival and well-being. In this
sense, "giving back" refers to providing money to improve the community's quality of
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life and to supporting its activities.

b.
Screening
Screening is the initial phase in the recruiting process, and it involves gathering and
assessing candidates based on their qualifications. The screening process starts with a
job description and specification. A job description includes all necessary information.
about a position, such as its duties, responsibilities, working circumstances, and
physical requirements. The job specification specifies the professional criteria expected
of an employee, such as skills, educational experience, appearance, and physical
Attributes.

Testing
Designed to assess an applicant's linguistic, mathematical, and logical abilities. Tests
are an essential component of the employment process. The validity of a test relates to
whether or not its results correlate with performance in another activity. For example,
whether the test measures the skill or ability it is intended to measure. Some businesses
employ exams that aren't tailored to their specific needs.

Interviewing
A discussion in which questions are posed and responses are offered in common
language, an interview is a one-on-one interaction in which one person plays the role of
the interviewer and the other plays the role of the interviewee. The interviewer asks
questions, and the interviewee answers in turn, with participants taking turns speaking.
Typically, interviews entail the transmission of information from interviewee to
interviewer. The method in which the interviews were done is connected to moral
concerns in interviews. Interviewers should focus on the applicants' humanity and strive
to avoid allowing unconscious prejudices, assumptions, and preconceptions to color
their judgments. When interviewing job candidates, human resources professionals
advise against rudeness, harshness, antagonism, and arrogance

Question 4

a. Grading
Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill, regarding the ability of an
individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire
organizations. The capacity to foster ethical behavior in the workplace by modelling
and persuading followers to practice ethical behavior in their regular activities Leaders
may instill ethical conduct in their followers via two-way communication,
reinforcement, and ethical decision-making.

b.
Employers have the authority to fire or terminate individuals who perform poorly, but
MGT3219E OCTOBER 2021 – ANSWER BOOKLET (FINAL EXAMINATION) Page 5 of 5

they should do so as quickly as possible. Before dismissing an employee, management

should follow a logical and fair decision-making process and carefully examine the
factors that led to that choice. There ae four type of discharge:
1. Firing
Firing is a dismissal for cause the outcome of employee theft or the disclosure of
confidential information.

2. Termination
Stems from an employee's poor performance - that is, inability to meet expectations

3. Lay-off
The term "layoff" relates to hourly workers and suggests that they are "subject to recall"
(Retrench temporarily).

4. Position Elimination
Position Elimination refers to the permanent loss of a position as a result of a workforce
reduction, facility closure, or departmental consolidation.

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