COP26: Are nations

on climate goals ?
Emissions: Possible fall this year
Fossil fuels: Energy crisis threatens progress
Deforestation: Brazil hinders global progress
Climate action: Extra money, but more needed
Methane - worsening situation
Nations are meeting again in Bonn to
discuss progress since the Glasgow
Climate Pact was signed at COP26. So,
are they keeping their promises?
 Fossil fuels: Energy crisis threatens progress

What was agreed?

COP26 included a plan to reduce use of coal - which is responsible for 40% of annual
CO2 emissions.
World leaders also agreed to phase-out inefficient oil and gas subsidies. These are
government payments that artificially lower the price of fossil fuels.

Why does it matter?

The UN climate science body, the IPCC, says fossil fuels are responsible for 64% of the
world's CO2 emissions.
What's been done?
There are are now 34 countries considering new coal plants,
compared with 41 at the beginning of last year.
China, the biggest user of coal, agreed to stop funding "all
overseas coal-fired power projects completely".
However, India - the next largest consumer of coal - announced
in April that it was increasing production of coal power and
reopening 100 plants.
Fossil fuel subsidies also increased in 2021, according to the
International Energy Agency (IEA). But Sabrina Muller, policy
analyst at the London School of Economics, thinks this is a
short-term measure to move away from Russian gas.
 Deforestation: Brazil hinders global progress

What was agreed?

More than 100 countries - with about 85% of the world's forests - promised
to stop deforestation by 2030.
Why does it matter?
This is seen as vital, as trees absorb about 10% of the CO2 emitted each
year.
What's been done?
Half the world's forests are in just five countries - Russia, Brazil, Canada,
the US and China - so their actions could make a big difference.
In April, US President Biden signed an order to protect old-growth
forests on government land.
But in Brazil - home to more than half of the Amazon rainforest -
deforestation is up 69% on last year.
Frances Seymour of research group the World Resources Institute (WRI)
said this was not surprising "in light of the relaxation of environmental
enforcement" by Brazil's government.
Another challenge is in Russia, which is facing a significant wildfire
season. It lost 6.5 million hectares of forest to fires last year.
 Climate action: Extra money, but more needed
What was agreed?
Richer countries agreed to provide $100bn (£72bn) a year to
developing nations for climate action by the end of 2022 - a pledge
that was missed in 2020.
Why does it matter?
Developing nations need the money to move away from fossil fuels,
by doing things like investing in green technologies. They also need
to prepare for the worst impacts of climate change.
What's been done?
Despite the EU, US, Canada and Australia all increasing funding
pledges, the WRI says they need to spend more because of their
relative wealth and previous emissions.
The UK, France, Germany and Japan are matching or providing
more than needed.
Methane - worsening situation
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