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RAZONAMIENTO VERBAL mechanism. Today, scientists continue to study the varying call
patterns of different bat species as well as evaluate fossil remains
TEXTO from bats in order to fully understand the elusive process of
echolocation.
Echolocation is a process used by bats to “see” using sound. Contrary
to popular belief, bats aren’t blind, but they use echolocation to 1. What is another way to say the phrase, “Contrary to popular
search for food and travel in the dark. Bats can produce echolocation belief”?
sounds by contracting their voice box, or larynx. These sounds are A) Besides using echolocation…
called ultrasounds because they transmit at extremely high B) Most people would be surprised to find out…
frequencies and they help bats create a sonic map of their C) People have different feelings on…
surroundings. After bats produce an ultrasound, they then listen to D) Most people aren’t sure about…
the echoes of that sound to “determine” how long it takes for the E) Anti-people thinking
sound to echo back to their ears. The longer a sound takes to return
to the bat, the farther away an object or insect might be.Bats’ calls 2. According to the passage, the distance of an object is determined
differ based on their end goal: there are different calls for searching, by
feeding, and socializing. When hunting, for example, the bat may A) the frequency of the echo.
emit a series of quick calls to isolate an insect’s location so it can B) the size of the sonic map.
swoop in and snatch it. Each bat species also has its own call pattern, C) the length of time it takes for an echo to be heard.
meaning that we can identify bat species based on the sounds made D) the number of echoes it takes before an object is located
during echolocation. There are two general categories of E) The discontinuity of the echo.
echolocation cycles. One is low-duty, during which bats emit short
calls and contract their middle ear muscles. When the middle ear 3. Which of the following is a possible explanation for why bats
muscles are released, bats can hear echoes of the initial sounds made developed echolocation?
and use the echoes to determine their distance from a targeted prey. A) To escape from prey
The second category, high-duty, involves continuous bat calling. The B) To communicate with other species
subsequent echoes come back at a different frequency while the bat C) To better survive in their environments
is in flight.Scientific studies on echolocation have revealed that the D) To become more elusive
E) To evolve del placer originan una relación, en que las caricias y los besos son lo más
importante, lo que puede dar lugar a la iniciación sexual precoz con la
4. If humans had echolocation práctica de relaciones sexuales genitales. Así como las caricias se
A) they wouldn’t need cars. convierten en estímulos del impulso sexual, fuentes externas como la TV,
el cine, las revistas y canciones, entre otras, suelen utilizar mensajes
B) they wouldn’t need flashlights.
sexuales como medio para vender sus productos, lo que estimula el natural
C) they wouldn’t need eyes.
deseo sexual. Y en algunos casos, además, la presencia del alcohol o las
D) they wouldn’t need ears. drogas, sustancias que limitan la capacidad de discernimiento, pueden
E) They would not need a bicycle conducir a experiencias sexuales que generen futuros arrepentimientos.
5. What does “isolate” mean in the text? 6. La palabra externas se entiende en el texto como
A) Describe A) sociales.
B) Pinpoint B) mediáticas.
C) Change C) eróticas.
D) Hear D) nocivas.
E) Involve E) ajenas.
A) 17 B) 18 C) 20
D) 24 E) 14
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4
20. Daniel ha dibujado figuras con hexágonos, y se muestran las
A) 16 B) 18 C) 20
cuatro primeras figuras. ¿Cuántos hexágonos habrá en la figura
D) 24 E) 55
20? Dé como respuesta la suma de cifras.
F1 F2 F3 F4
A) 7 B) 10 C) 9
D) 14 E) 12