Network Software

• Protocol hierarchies (Layer Structure)

• Design issues for the layers

• Connection-oriented versus connectionless

service

• Service primitives

• Relationship of services to protocols

Protocol Hierarchies
• To reduce their design complexity, most
networks are organized as a stack of layers one
below it.

• Protocol stack : A list protocols used by a

certain system, one protocol per layer.

• Network Architecture : A set of layers and

protocols.
Protocol Hierarchies

Layers, protocols, and interfaces.

Information Flow of virtual
communication

Example information flow supporting virtual

communication in layer 5.
Design issues for the
layers
 Identify the Sender and Receiver
Multiple computer and process – Addressing
 Date Transfer
Simplex, Half Duplex, Full Duplex Communication
 Logical connection are based on the Priorities
 Error Control
Error Detection
Error Correct
 Sequencing of pieces
Connection-Oriented and
Connectionless Service
Connection-Oriented:
Virtual connection is created
Authentication of destination node before transfer the data
More Reliability
Handshake is possible.
Slower than connectionless (TCP/IP)
 Connectionless:
packets send without creating virtual connection
Transfer data without authentication
Not ensure reliability
No handshake is possible
Faster then the connection oriented (UDP)
Connection-Oriented and
Connectionless Service
Service Primitives
A service is formally defined by a set of operations avail
to user process to access the services
Service Primitives

A simple client-server interaction using

acknowledged datagrams.
The Relationship of
Services to Protocols