University of Sargodha + - Part ite Exam 2° Ac HAG Subject: Mathematics — Paper-V: Topolony and Functional Analysis Maximum Marks: 100 Time Allowed: 3 Hours Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) Q.L. Write short answers of the followings in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet. (2*10) i, Find the derived set of a subset A of an indiscrete space X. Define co-finite topology and give an example. Show that the absotute value function is continues, Show that every metric space is a Hausdroff space. ‘State Heine-Borel Theorem. Show that the canonical mapping is linear. Define isometry. Show that a convergent sequence in a metric space is bounded. Show that an orthonormal set is tinearly independent. x. Prove that linear operators preserve linear dependence. Subjective Part (4*20) Q.2. (a) Show that in a topological space (X,1), if A SX, then closure of A is the union of A with its derived set (b) Show that the subspace of a second countable space is second countable. Q3. (a) Show that a subset of a compact Hausdorff space is compact iff it is closed. (b) Show thata function f: X + ¥ iscontinuousiffforany pe X andany AcX, pe A impties Stee AL. Q4. (a) Show that for a class A of nonempty subsets of X the topology r on X generated by Ais the intersection of all topologies on X which contain A (b) Show that the space R is complete. Q5. (a) Show that the dual space of 1 is I". (b) Show that the space B(X, Y) is a norméd space. Q.6. (a) State and prove Riesz’s representation theorem, (b) Prove that every bounded linear functional f on a Hitbert space H can be represented by f(x) =< x,2>, where z depends on f. Q.7. (@) State and prove Cantor's intersection theorem (b) State and prove Bessel Inequality.University of Sargodha Se. Part-/Composite Exam 2% A- 2019 & 1* A-2021 Mathematics: V ‘Topology and Funetional Analysis Maximum Marks: 100 ‘Time Allowed: 3 Hours Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) Q.No. 1 Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each @r10) i) Define Homeomorphism and give an example. ii) A totally disconnected space is hausdor. (ii) Let A and B be subsets of a topological space (X,r) then A B implies that A° cB” Ww) Let A bea subset of (X.d). For any x,y in X,|d(x,A) ~ d(y.A)| S dx, (v)_ Give an example of a 7} -space which is not a Tz-space, (vi) Define Banach space and Hilbert space. (vil) can a function d: RR defined by d(x,y) = |x| ~ lylfor x.y ER, servelas a metric on R? wil) Show that (AUB) = Alin BL. (ix) Show that every normed space Is a metric space. (®) For any two elements x, of an inner product space.V, xt yll? + fx yl = 2 (lel? + yl)» Subjective Part'y¢ \(4*20) Question No. 2. (i) Prove that A is closed if and onlyif the set of all imit points of Aisa proper subset of A {ii) Show that every second countablésspate is lindelof. Question No. 3. (i) A topological SpaceX is compact if and only if every collection {Cq:a € N) of closed sets inX which satisfies the finite intersection property itself has non-empty intersection. (i) Let (¥.d) be afetti space. show that the metric @ defined as A(x, y) all x,y € Xalso.defines @ metric on X. Question Ned, () Prove that every separable metric space is second countable, (ii) Show that infinite set with co-finite topology is connected. Question No.5. () Show that R" space is a complete space, (ii) Let WV be a normed linear space in which every absolutely convergent series converges then Nis a banach space. Question No. 6 () If M Is a banach space then so is B(N, M) under the norm defined by U!Tll = supyey-allTx\], where T € BW, M). Li) Let #t be a proper closed subspace of a normed space WV and ‘a’ be any real number in (0,1) then there is anxq€N.t[|xel| = 1 andllx — xqll 2 avx EM Question No. 7, i) Prove the Holder's inequality. Sf.q1x91| $ lap lvl (ii) Let V be any inner product space, if (x,), {yn be Cauchy sequences in V then < Xn Jn > Is convergent sequence in oeUniversity of Sargodha Se. Part-/Com Ad ‘Mathematics: V Topology and Functional Analysis . ‘Maximum Marks: 100 ‘Time Allowed: 3 Hours Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) 0.1, Write short answers ofthe following in 2-3 lines each con) ()) Define closure of a set. Show that (4) = (4). {ii) Define 7-space. Prove that every metric space is T2-space. (iil) Prove that a° UB? # (AU B)°. (iv) Show that infinite set with co-finite topology is connected space. (vy) Why every first countable space is not second countable? (vi) State F. Ries2’s lemma, Let T: N+ M bea linear operator, show that ker'T is a subspace of N, (ui) Give two examples of a bounded linear operator. (ix) State and prove parallelogram law in an inner product space. (3) Define equivalent norm and dual of a norm. Subjective Part Question No. 2. (i) Define bounded set and show that every Cauchy sequence in a metric space is bounded. (10) \) Show that closed subspace of a lindelof space is lindelof. (10) Question No, 3. (i) Let X and ¥ be two topological spaces. A function f:X + ¥ is continuous on X if and only if for each stlbset Viopen in ¥, f-1(V ) is open in X. (20) (ii) Prove that a topological space X is Tg-space if and only if for all a,b © X; where a and Dare distinct, fa) + [b). (10) Question No. 4. (i) Prove that a'completely regular space is regular. (10) {ii) Show that the closed subspace of a normal space is normal, (10) Question No, 5. (I) Show that any two equivalent norms on a linear space defines the same topology. (10) Suppose that Pf. x, be absolutely convergent series in a Banach space N then prove that Ds Yu's convergent. (10) ‘Question No. 6. (i) A finite dimensional normed space or linear space is isomorphic to its second dual. (10) (ii) state and prove Cauchy Schwarz inequality for inner product spaces. (10) Question No. 7. (i)Let T: N+ M be a linear operator then T is continuous on N if and only If Tis bounded. (20) (ii) Show that l space is a banach space. (10) edUniversity of Sargodha : ite, 1" A-Exam 2018 os Functi 4 ‘Time Allowed: 3 Hours Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective part, Objective Part (Compulsory) 1 Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines eacis. 2710) (1) Déline homeomorphism. Gi) Prove that every metric space is Hausdroff space. (ii) Define reflexive space. (iv) State Heine-Bore! Theorem. (7) Show that theisubset {1, 3,4, ..} of R is nowhere dense in (i) Define dual space. (nil) Show that u convergent sequence in a metric space is bounded. {villDefine local base, (ix) Show that if an inner product space, a9 +2) 44 7 Ys then < tq, Yu >2) fo (2) Define orthonormal sets (Subjective Pert) Q, No. 2: (a) Show that a topologital kpace X is normal iff every closed set P and open sot H containing F there exists an open so. snch that FCGCGCH. (10) {) Show that if A and B are conneciedvels which are not separated, then ALB is con nected. (ao) Q. No. & (a) Show that a point p in a’topologicalsspace X is a Umit polat of Ac X iff cach member of some local base f, at p contains @ point of A different from p. (10) (b) Show that the continuous iinage of a compact set is compact. (20) Q.No, 4: (a) Show that every open cover of a subset A of a)second countable space 4s reducible to countable cover. (a0) (b} Show that @ fimetion / ; X — ¥ is continuous ilf tor any pC X and any AC X, peas fee fla. (10) Q. No. 5: (#) State and prove Bair's Category theorem. 4 (a0) (b) Show that if Y is a Banach space then the space 3(X,¥) is Banach spuco. (ao) Q. No. 6:(a) State and prove F'Riess's Lemma, (a0) (b)Bhow that if ¥ is a closed subspace of a Hilbert spuce H, then ¥ = ¥! (29) Q.No. 7 (a) Show that the dual space of Fis 1. (20) (b) Show that any two norms on a finite dimensional linear space are equivalent. (10)4:07PM & a € ~ ViTopology IA2.. Q & uuyersity of Dargodha iden MAM. Parl Componte, 1*.A/2018 ‘Mathemascs:V‘Tonolge& Functional Anahais ‘Masia Marks: 10 ‘Time Allowed: 3 Hours Note: Objective partis compulery. Attempt any four question frm mbjectiv part. ‘Obici Fart (01 Wee short anor of he aowing: ama) () Defi eso nd Tepoopel Property (3 Show ayo eulent oms aN dfn pio oN (i) Prove ht tr ofa se of apologies an pe se (6) Cwenample of ese ce (0) Prove vy mee pce Had ac (0) Wat you kaon abou og ina Tice (04) See endif a nemo paso be nae oft pace and gv an exp (oi) Wiel coset nets of X= (be ithe is ir pclogy (Fora mine Ao Hie jce show hat Aico spac of (0) Poe Been, "GE Prove at ua ace X ofa normed spe X isa Banach pce eter owt Xs) 10 V0 Show tats bounded liner oper T: DCT)-¥ where Xis a normed pace and Ya Banach pace, ‘nts examin T: (TY wherein bounded lear pert of orm TIT 10 258 re tts iy tbe pla eX) ne ba ria ny Qa jatmony phteeRveeBed (i) ForB, Bre ambxeB, Bs thee na Be whew xB BB 10 [R(b) Le. Xe Xabethe prot space of pool spaces Xa 06. Prove tha the ath projection 1 Xk (a both ope an continous, 0 ‘4As) Prove ttn a counaby compact spice X, eer ini sbset of X hasan pn in X. 10 [K() Sueand prove Camo nanestion Theorems 0 rerun i i Se ln Specaaitioiunajen veoogeaie ceaseniie IriseescdIng sam evo i (6a) Prove tat daa of 6 2 3G) Show ta ration of “being euialent to“ among noms isan equivalence elaon. 8 Using Gram Schmit proces show haf .A2e ee) beany(eourtable) Ker independent st of sectorin an ioe prot ace then V cots ans ethnarel st (61.6) that te pes rnc by (3844-05) AB 9859 etme, ss 0 10) Sate ad ove Rie Renee theorem G oO 3University of Sargodha ‘MAM Se. Part-1/Composte,2"-A2018 ‘Mathemutics: V Topology & Functional Anabsis ‘Maximum Marks: 100, ‘Time Allowed: 3 H Ne ‘Objective partis compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective par Objective Part (Compulsory) 1. Write short answers ofthe following: (102-20) i. Prove that an open ball centered ata limit point x ofa subset A in a metic space X contains many points of et A. J. Define the produet topology and write its base. iii Prove that every metre space is a topological space |v Define reflenve space vs Show that every normed space isa metric space. i State the condition for a normed space to bean inner product space and give an example vii. Delinean orthonormal sysem in an inner product space. vill. Prove that T-sxiom implies T,-axiom as well as Tyaxiom. x. Show that R® is a Banach space Define completion of a meni space ‘Subisctive Part (2 (a)Prove int ifa normed space X has the property thatthe closed unit tall M={x| Px] =I) {is compact, then X is Finite dimensions 0 (o}Show tha he space with |

Ze B iv. _Differemiate becwoen dual space and second dual space. Define equivalent norms. . vi IF (x, )eamverges to 6 X then show that every subsequence (x, )also converges wo xX vi, Define Complctly Regular space. Vii Find the interior of set of rational numbers over usual topology on R (set of ral nurabers), ‘x, Show tat every Cauchy sequénce is bounded. Show thatthe operator TX» X'by Te()=2) ising. + ‘Subjective Part @2 (a) Show tha the space, ] is complete ao) (i) Jet Mand ¥ be two topological spaces, =X» is continuous iff, for every subset Aot x, /A)! s Illy osu Shaw ba in suc Cla, bent anime rode! space and ence nota Hilbert ome IPTDcr) Ye a linear operator, where D(T) € X ad Y are normed specs, thon show tat Ts continous if Ts bounded. 93. Qa 6. a. Slate and prove F. Ricsz’s emma, 'b. Show that every close ball is a closed set. 27, 2 Irnvonned space ie finite dimensional, then prove tat every linear opersor on isbounded. b. For any subset M # 0 of «Hilbert space then show that the span of Mis dense in Hitandonly 6M = 0 Avaliable at wwe et sitoraMaximum Marks: 100 ‘Time Allowed: . Note: ‘Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from subjective) (Objective Pan) Q.1 | Answer the following short questions. | a! () | Define cofnite topology, \ (i) | Por any subset A of a discrete tapologieal space 2, show that ' derived set of A is empty. | Show thet the plane 5 Define metranble topology Prove that every 7) space i alto a Hausdtof! space | For any metric space (X,d) define neighbourhood of a point. | ' i) | Show that a metric @ ineuced by a norm on a normed space X | satisfies d(az,ay} ~ lald(z,y) \ (rit) | Detine Sehander baste | (x) | 1f normed space X is finite dimensional, then show that every | Vinear operator on X is bounded. tx) | Per any bounded linesr operator show that x,» = implica jo! [22,12 | (Subjective Part) Q.2 | (a) Show that a function f X= ¥ cmon an | w i | | ses the sezond axiom of county. | j the inverse image of every cloed suet of i cloed nubset of X (W) IC be the clase of subsets of a non empty set X-Then the topology + on X geverated by f is the intersection of tapslogies on X which contain 8 \ 4 3. | (a) Let X bea 7 space whieh satan the fist axictn of count- | 10 ability then show that ifp € X isan aetimulation point of AC X then there exists a sequence of distinct term in A converging 20 > (h) Lat A be any subnet of a topelogica’ space (X,+) and let rs | 10 | be che relative topooay or A'Then show that A ie + connected i ‘Ai ra connneted Q4 | (a) State and prove Cantor's Intersection theorem. 0 (b) Show that eet of real numbers is complete 10 5 | (a) Show that ina nite dimensional normed space X, any subset | 10 M of X is compact if and only if Mis closed and bounded (h)Prove that the propesty of being a Hawstrof apace is hereditry | 30 6 | (0) ICY isa Banach spice, thes show that BUY) aso a) 30 Banach space. (b)State and prove minimizing vector theorem. w | 27 | (a) Show that a complete metric space is of second category 0 (Show that the dual space of * is 10University of Sargodha t ‘Mathematics: ¥ ‘Topoloey & Functional Analysis imum Marks: 80 ainietes we Question No.2 is compulsory. Attempt QR. Ansiver the following questions. i) Show that every formes ue isa metre spice Ui Give esample vfareltexive space (Gi) State the condition fora normed space tbe un lamer prnlict syiceand vive an example. that Abs closed a subset A of a Hilbert space 1 sho atalorit qoce © {wily Weite all closed subcts oF X tae fit spre oH (0) Prove that e very anette space ist (ui) Define reflexive space ype its nis (ili) Define competi ix) Show that any Hoo equivalent worms NY dine the anne pea aN. (e) Prove Rese'sincalits G3.tap Let Xd ¥ be topological space So ia ACHAMECLUAD + _ aN (8) Show that close subapaces of ind sae te ae Lindel {G4 (ay Pron ta any two norms dein ot finite mest Tica spe ate ane thew ea oy ne haeAvailable at Bttp://iae.Mathcity org University of Sargodha MAMSe Part / Co 1 -anou Math: V Topology & Functional Analysis um Marks: 60 ‘Time Allowed Subjective Part Attempt any three questious. All questions carry equal marks. 115 Ho, (a) Prove that every compact subset of a Hausdroff space is closed, (b) Define Lindelof space and hence show that every second countable space is Lindelof (Let AY and Z denote the derives se, an. (@)Let (X,1)be a topological space and closure of A respectively then 7 = AU 44 Also show that A is a closed subset of X iff Azat (®) Show that a bijective continuous function from compact space to 8 Heusdroff space is a homomorphism, (a) Show that any two norms of a finite dimensional space are equivalent (b) Prove that a subspace X of areal line is connected if and only if X isan interval (@) What is meant by Isometric Isomorphism ,Prove that dual space of jis * (b) State and prove Cauchy-Schwartz inequality for inner product space ()Define the space of C fa, b] and hence show that C [a, b] is complete space. ©) Does ais, 9) ~ jhe) ye define a metric or pseudometric on X if X is (ithe set ofall real valued continuous Functions on (a,b). (Gi) The set of al real valued Riemann Integrable funetions on fa, b]? Give reasons for your answers, Available at http: //ww.Mathcity.org1316] ‘Maximum Marks: 60 Note: a3. Sublective Pare ‘Attempt any three questions. All questions carry equal marks, Prove hat every mevc topology is topology. ‘Show tht any uncountable et with conte topology isnot fest countable Define te co Site topology and prove tat i topology a there any relation between o iit opoiogy and dscrete topology defined on ite set? Stow tat Cab] the set oft continuous fictions is «Banach Space Stow ta any o eguvalet or on ome incr pce have the ae pcg. State and prove Miskownli's Inept Show that every totaly hounded mete pace is compact. ‘rove hatte Real ine with usual topology is aT pace. ‘Stow tat continuous image of «connected spac is connete. ‘Show tht Rint compactsimum Marks: 69 we os Qs. 6. @ o © ©) © @, O} @ o @ w University of Sargodha SePart-t | Composite, 1* Mathematics: V. Topology alysis ‘Time Allowed: 2:18 Hoar Subjective Part ‘Attempt any three questions. ue Define « normal space, Show that a metic space i a normal space, ‘Define a Lebesgue number. Show that every sequentially eompact matic space has a Lebesgue number. ‘Show that the Cartesian product of two connected speces X and Y \s Let (J) be a topological space and AcX,then A: connected, Define a totally disconnected space. Show that a totally disconnects space is a Hausdorrf space. Define contibuity in metric spaces. Show that 7s(0,d) Cd) continuous if the inverse image of every open subset of Yis open in. %: Prove: An absolutely convergent stjes in a normed space x is convergent iffand only ifX is a Banach Space. Define a bounded linear operator. Show that if normed space X's finite dimensional, then every linear operator on x is bounded. Define dual of linear space N. Let N be an n-dimensional linear spaes, then its dual also is n-dimensional. ete be an onthonormal sequence in an inner product space hen Fr Ze every eX, Diener sbf. Let Abe a closed subspace of a Hilbert space H. Then H = A@ A — a a ¢Maximuan Marks: 60 Note: 03. os. Qs. 7. o ) @ w i) © @ (a) ® Biowoyewmnn i ae aigeireny MAJM.Se Part, 1 Annual Ex ubematics:V Topology & Functional Analysis ‘Time Allowed: 2:15 Hours University of Sargodha Mai ore ‘New Paern Subjective Part Attempt any thrve questions. Define roaive topology. Let YJ) he a subspace of (X. J). how that (0 HEV ia Jewel iCond only if = YF, where or. . Detine Product Topology. Let (x, is a 1-Closed subset fe J}be a collection of Hausdorff (10) Spaces and let X= 7;X, be the product space, shen X is HausdorfT ‘A closed Continuous image of a normal space is normal (io) A subspace X ofthe real ine is connected if nd only ifX i an interval. (10) ‘Show that every countably Compact metic space is second countable 49) ‘What is complete meine syoce? Show th is complete 10) Ha normed space x has the propery that the clove wait ball (10) 4 = (c:Jaf s'ifiscompoc, then xs finite dimensional, —— pa ar operator, where D(T) Cx; X, ¥ are normed (10) spaces, then Tis continuous iff Tis bounded, Let 7: 0(7) + ¥ be oi Prove that fr any two elements x, yin an inner product space V, 19) Isnyols fof} State an prove minimizing vector Theorem. (19) Available at www. city.org