COLLEGE OF CRIMINOOGY

(A.Y. 2021-2022)

I. Course CDI-2 SCWLM

Code:
II. Course Unit: 3.0 Units
III. Course: Special Crime Investigation with Legal Medicine

IV. Course This course is designed as in how the student able to know the background of
Description: investigation and in the field of medical terms and legal medicine techniques.
The student must develop several skills and qualities to become an effective
investigator and solve cases in the future. The future criminologist must be
thorough, methodical and calm under pressure. This course focuses on solving
crimes and any cases by providing of proofs, collection of evidence and
analysis of information which all consist of reliable persons and things.
V. Module No. Midterm Module 2
A. Title: Essential of Criminal Investigation

B. Topic: 1. What is Criminal Investigation

2. The Cardinal Points of Criminal Investigation
3. Responsibilities and Essential Qualities of Criminal Investigation
4. Protocol in Criminal Investigation
5. Tools of Investigation

C. Time Frame: 30 minutes discussion intended for a week

D. Introduction: This lesson contains how criminal investigation is important in the field of
duties. This is also the most basic function in the police work which can
protect of the lives and properties of every individuals and for maintaining
peace and order. When the said function be failed investigation is always be
undertake.
E. Intended At the end of the activities, the future criminologist shall be able to learn the
Learning following:
Outcome/ILO: 1. To discuss the concept of Criminal Investigation.
2. Appreciate the significance of all cardinal points of criminal
investigation.
3. Every student can learn by sharing knowledge or can teach everyone
dealing with the process of criminal investigation and the
responsibilities of being a Criminal Investigator.

F. PRE-TEST:

Name:_____________________________Year :____________Level:___________________
Section:____________

1. Define Criminal Investigation.

2. Explain the Investigative Process.
3. Enumerate the process of criminal investigation; and
4. Explained the Criminal Investigator Responsibilities.

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G. Learning (PLEASE READ THE LESSONS)
Activities: Content: (Students must refer to the given module by the college instructor.
The source of lessons is from the book of PLTCOL RUBY GRACE D SABINO-
DIANGSON, MD, LIB in titled Special Crime Investigation with Legal Medicine,
2020 first edition, if you have a kind of this book. Please refer to page 7 to 45.)

CHAPTER 2 ESSENTIAL OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

1. What is Criminal Investigation?

Criminal Investigation is the collection of facts in order to accomplish the

three fold aim:

a. To identify the guilty party.

b. Locate the guilty party.
c. To provide evidence to the suspect’s guilt.

This is also the process of reconstruction of an event. Which incorporates

logical process of deductive reasoning that leads to a conclusion based on
specific facts thus, a criminal investigation the lawful, objective, logical search
for people and things useful in reconstructing the circumstances surrounding
the commission of a crime Moreover, criminal investigation seeks all facts
associated with a crime to determine the truth relating to what happened and
who is responsible.

2. The SIX(6) CARDINAL POINTS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

1. What specific offense has been committed?

2. How the offense was committed?
3. Who committed it?
4. Where the offense was committed?
5. When it was committed?
6. Why it was committed?

The goal of a criminal investigation is to determine the truth of the

matter, as far as it can be found, in a post facto inquiry, so that a perpetrator
can be brought to justice or an innocent party be cleared.

A good investigation has been conducted when all the investigative

leads have been followed to their logical conclusion for filling of a case and
subsequently arrest. sometimes, there is an instance that evidence is not
enough to support an arrest.

THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS

A typical criminal investigation covers an extensive scope of duties,

methods, and objectives. In order to attain a successful resolution to the
crime, the investigator must possess and utilize some type of methodical
process. Frequently, an investigator will begin an investigation and will
immediately be faced with a myriad of information, much which will seem
unrelated at the crime.

In order to filter out the important from the unimportant, a scientific

process must be employed. This process consists of five simple steps that can
lend order and direction to the investigation of the crime. The five steps of this
process are the following;

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 1. Identify and state the problem
2. form a hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis (Observe and Experiment)
4. Interpret observations/results of experiment
5. Draw a conclusion.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATORS: RESPONSIBILITIES AND ESSENTIAL

QUALITIES

The following responsibilities of the investigator include the following:

1. Determine whether the crime has been committed

2. Decide if the crime was committed within the investigator’s jurisdiction
3. Discover all facts pertaining to the complaint
a. gather and preserve physical evidence
b. Develop and follow up all clues.
4. Recover stolen property.
5. Identify the perpetrator or eliminate a suspect as the perpetrator.

To be an effective criminal investigator, other than being adequately prepared

he/she must develop this qualities and skills.

1. Team leader
2. Communication skills
3. Street Knowledge
4. Observation skills
5. self-discipline
6. Reasoning Ability
7. Stability under pressure
8. Organizational abilities
9. Persistence
10. Investigative ethics
11. Legal knowledge
12. Good understanding of the characteristics of human nature

TOOLS OF INVESTIATION
The three types of I’s on Investigation

1. Information
2. Interview
3. Instrumentation

PROTOCOL IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

1. Jurisdiction investigation of territorial unit concerned

The police station, which has territorial jurisdiction of the area where
the crime incident was committed, shall immediately undertake the necessary
investigation and processing of the crime scene, unless otherwise directed by
higher authorities for a certain case to be investigated by other units/agency.

2. Official Po0lice Blotter

A police blotter is an 18x12 logbook with hard-bound cover that
contains the daily register of all crime incident reports, official summary of
arrest and other significant events reported in police station. All crime
incidents must be recorded in the official police blotter.
The duty police officer shall record the nature of the incident in the
police blotter book containing the Five(5) ‘’W’s’’ (What, who, where, when and
why) and one(1) ‘’H’’ (How) of the information and inform his superior officer
or the duty officer regarding the occurrence of such incident.

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 3. Investigation team and equipment

Composition of Investigation Team

1. Team Leader
2. Investigator/recorder
3. Photographer
4. Evidence custodian: and
5. Composite Illustrator/Artist

Equipment of the Investigator:

1. Police Line
2. Video camera
3. Voice Recorder
4. Camera
5. Measuring device
6. Gloves
7. Flash Light
8. Fingerprint kit
9. Evidence Bag
10. Evidence tag
11. Evidence blotter/vials; and
12. Investigator’s tickler (contains the following)
a. Investigator’s checklist
b. Anatomical diagram form
c. Evidence checklist
d. Turn-over receipt

4. Duties of the first responder

a. Proceed to the crime scene to validate the information received.
b. Record the exact time of arrival and all pertinent data regarding the
incident in his issued pocket notebook and notify the investigator on Case.
c. Cordon off the area and secure the crime scene with police line or
whatever available material like ropes, straws or human as barricade to
preserve its integrity.
d. check whether the situation still poses imminent danger and call for
back up if necessary.
e. Identify possible witness and conduct preliminary interview and
ensure their availability for the incoming investigator on Case.
f. Arrest the suspect/s if around or in instances wherein the suspect/s
id fleeing, make appropriate notification for dragnet operation.
g. Prepare to take Dying Declaration of severely injured persons with
the following.
i. That death is imminent and the declarant is conscious of that fact.
ii. That the declaration refers to the cause and surrounding
circumstances of such death.
iii. That the declaration relates to facts which the victim is competent
to testify to and
iv. That the declaration is offered in a case where in the declarant’s
death is the subject of the injury.
h. Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital using emergency
services.
i. Account for the killed, wounded and arrested persons for proper
disposition.
J. Conduct initial investigation; and
K. Brief the investigator on Case upon arrival and turn over the crime
scene.
1. Conduct inventory on the evidence taken at the crime scene;
Inventory receipt should be properly signed by the first responder, SOCO and
investigator.

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 5. Duties and Responsibilities of the investigating Team
Take full control of the crime scene to include the conduct of crime
scene search; taking of photographs; making sketches; lifting of fingerprints;
making of physical evidence;(chain of custody) the transmittal of evidence to
crime laboratory; interview of witnesses; gathering and evaluation of
evidence; follow-up of the case and documentation and filing of appropriate
charges in court. Establish a command post in the immediate vicinity of the
crime scene. Designate a holding area in the immediate vicinity of the crime
scene (for the media important persons and other personalities present);
conduct case conference with the first responder, scene of the crime operative,
other law enforcers and rescue personnel; note any secondary crime scene (if
situation requires) and release the crime scene after investigation.

6. Investigation of subjects
SUSPECT OR SUSPECTS- Individual who is/are pointed to be the
victims and witness to have had committed the crime in issue. Subject person
is not considered as a criminal unless otherwise his/her conviction is
pronounced in the court.

Procedures when arrest is made

1. Secure the person arrested (handcuff at the back);

2. Inform the arrested person on the cause of his arrest and his
rights as provided for in the constitution;
3. Conduct thorough search for weapons and other illegal materials
against the suspects;
4. Use reasonable force in making arrest;
5. Confiscated evidence shall be properly documented and marked;
6. Bring the arrested person to the Police Station for investigation.

Booking procedures of the arrested person/suspect

A. The arrested suspect shall be fingerprinted, photographed and

subjected to medical examination to include liquor and drug tests.
B. Conduct record check.

7. Taking of sworn documents of suspects

8. Taking of sworn documents of the witness
9. Preparation of reports and filling of charges
The Investigator on Case shall submit the following;

a. Spot Report within 24 hours to Head Quarters

b. Progress Report;
c. After Operation Report;
d. Final Report after the case is filed before the prosecutor’s
office/court; and
e. Accomplishment Report.

10. Procedure in the release of crime scene

CRIME SCENE- a venue or place where the alleged

crime/incident/even have been committed.

11. Follow up of a case.

12. Preparation of case investigation plan.
13. Attendance to court duties.
14. Uniform of the investigator.

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 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION(CSI)
Refers to the post-incident police operational procedures undertaken at
the crime scene when a crime has been committed.

FIRST RESPONDER(FR)
First Responders are the members of the police, military, fire, medical
team and other volunteer organization who are expected to be the first to
respond to calls for assistance in cases of incidents.

INVESTIGATOR-ON-CASE (IOC)
Refers to the duty investigator duly assigned or designated to conduct the
inquiry of the crime by following a systematic set of procedure and
methologies for the purpose of identifying witnesses, recovering evidence,
arresting and prosecuting perpetrators.

SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOSCO)

Refers to the functional capability of the PNP crime Laboratory
performed by its trained personnel through the recognition, methodical
search, proper documentation/ recording and collection of physical evidence
at the crime scene.

H. Review Review Concept:

Concept:
Criminal Investigation has a formation of a broad way contains Information
versus evidence that this is the investigative process through in terms of
gathering information, instead of gathering evidence, information is essential
in order to understand the relationship between the crime and the items of
evidence and there are two sources of information the people and things.

A careful gathering of information and the thorough evaluation of this

information are two essential in criminal investigation. These also will lead to
a full understanding of the connection between the crime, its victim and
perpetrator and the pieces of evidence.

Information from people- is derived from people and may not always be
admissible in a court of law. Information consisting of rumors, tips, and
hearsay can often place an investigator on the right track to solve a crime, but
will probably never appear in the testimony. The collection of this information
requires the unique skill and ability to elicit facts that can be used to help
uncover the truth, whether it comes from the victim and eyewitness or a
suspect in the crime. Each source must be dealt with in a unique and skillful
manner in order to obtain the information desired. A good investigator must
be well-versed in conversational skills and be able to successfully draw out
information that may not be readily forthcoming.

Information from things – Physical evidence often provides invaluable

information to the investigator. However, this information cannot be used if
the investigator does not understand and recognize the strict rules for
collecting, preserving and presenting this evidence once it is discovered.
Physical evidence consists of inanimate objects that cannot lie or flee. The
investigator must develop a keen sense of detail when concerning potential
items of evidence. Frequently, key items of evidence may be microscopic in
size, but monumental in helping to prove a crime that has been committed.

Example. Hairs, fibers or minute specimen of blood may be the one item of
physical evidence that helps convict a criminal in the absence of eyewitness
identification. Familiarly with forensic science is essential to becoming a
successful investigator. Physical evidence cannot generally speak for itself. It
needs someone to identify it, interpret it and then present it for final
evaluation by court.

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 Relative Weight of information- Courts throughout the world have
consistently given higher relative evidentiary value to information obtained
from things, as compared to information from persons. The reason for this is
firmly established in the fact that things cannot lie and are not affected by
emotion or motive. Direct testimony from persons may subject to any of these
defects. Therefore, courts have always given more weight to physical evidence
when trying a case.

Balancing the scale- Verbal testimony must strike a balance with physical
evidence before a criminal investigation is considered complete. A case heavily
weighted in one direction or the other exclusively can result in a questionable
outcome.

Unanswered Questions- After obtaining all of the information and evidence

related to the case, the investigator may still not able to answer all of the
questions surrounding the crime. Quite frequently, cases are closed and
forwarded to the prosecutor for trial with some unanswered questions.

This is not always the fault of the investigator, but many times a reflection of
the various individuals involved in the case, as well as the evidence
discovered. An investigator may fail to answer all of his questions for variety
of reason. Some of these are follows:

1. Incomplete information or conclusion on the part of the victim due

to trauma or stress related to the offense.

2. Missing or destroyed evidence due to accidental actions or in

purpose on the part of the victim and/ or suspect. The victim of a rape may
feel the need to wash before calling the police; thereby, innocently destroying
valuable evidence. A suspect may permanently dispose of a murder weapon;
thereby, eliminating it as a key piece of evidence.

3. The suspect may confess to the crime, but leave out pieces of key
information in an attempt to downplay his/her premeditation or lessen the
role they played in the crime, particularly if there are accomplices.

4. Eyewitness to the crime may provide inaccurate information due to

personal bias, confusion or fear of retribution by the suspect(s).

Eyewitnesses to the crime may have left the area before the arrival of the
police and may never have come forward to offer their information.

INTERDEPENDENT FACTORS OF SIX CARDINAL POINTS OF

INVESTIGATION;

The Motive (The reason that pushes the perpetrator to commit an act with a
definite result in mind);

The Opportunity (refers to the chance or the occasion to commit the act); and

Means (The capability of the perpetrator to commit the act using the available
tools at hand).

These three factors are so interdependent, that in the absence of one would
not result into a crime.

If an arrest is made in a case, it does not always mean that a good criminal
investigator has been conducted.

If the investigator does not develop all leads to a logical conclusion in any
major case, the defense (accused) will most assuredly point this out at trial or
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 the dismissal of the case and subsequent acquittal of the respondent of the
charges.

The justification for making an arrest usually requires a degree of proof than
the deliberate, meticulous process required to convict and to commit a suspect
to prison. In the United States, the standard for conviction in a criminal case is
proof beyond reasonable doubt. Here in the Philippines conviction is rooted on
proving an accused as guilty beyond reasonable doubt.

The Objection of Criminal Investigation.

Perpetrators can make mistakes during the crime and may leave some
evidences that will identify who they are; this way is due to carelessness,
emotional and mental stress, underestimation of law enforcer’s capabilities
and influence of illegal drugs or alcohol. For example, a burglar because of
panic he left his thumb marks on the furniture inside the house while escaping,
or a murderer who forgot to wash the sleeves of his shirt and there’s a blood
stain on it. Thus, the objective of criminal investigation by using the
information derived from these evidence are:

1. To detect the crime.

2. To locate and identify suspects in crime.
3. To arrest suspects in crime.
4. To recover stolen property.
5. To prepare sound criminal cases for prosecution.

Trace evidence are tangible evidence like blood stained clothes, empty bullet
shells, finger prints or other visible and less visible evidence. This can
positively affect the success rate of an investigation, however not all crimes
has tangible evidences or trace evidence that can use to pinpoint the
perpetrators of the crime.

There are cases that there is no hard evidence found in the crime scene. For
example a burglar who wears gloves so there will be no finger prints left on
the things that he’ll be touching or a murderer who burned his victim to there
will be no trace of it. Such cases can be recognized as unsolvable, but only after
all leads are exhausted. The investigator must refer to the following
techniques;

1. A logical sequence is followed;

2. All physical evidence is legally obtained;
3. All witness are effectively interviewed;
4. All suspects are legally and effectively interrogated;
5. All leads are thoroughly developed; and
6. All details of the case are accurately and completely recorded and reported.

THE INVESTIGATION PROCESS

1. Identify and state the Problem

Consider the entire Problem-

This step of process may seem quite simple; however, stating the problem is
more than saying that the perpetrator of the crime needs to be identified and
arrested. A criminal investigator must identify and take into consideration the
entire problem. For example, let’s pretend that the criminal investigator has
been assigned a rape case. In this crime, the rapist broke into the victim’s
home while she was asleep and then raped her. Before leaving, the rapist stole
jewelry from the victim’s bedroom.

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 In this example, solving the problem would seem to be very simple- identify,
locate, and arrest the rapist and recover the stolen property. However, upon
careful consideration, it becomes clear that the steps of identifying, locating
and arresting the rapist, along with recovering the stolen jewelry, are not all
that must be considered. The investigator must recognize and appreciate that
his/her actions have a major bearing on the success or failure of justice.

Follow Legal Guidelines

Identifying, locating and arresting the suspect through the use of illegal means
can result in justice not being served. To this end, the investigator must ensure
that every step taken is within the established legal guidelines and the
suspect’s rights are preserved. If these factors are not considered while stating
the problem, an accurate picture is not being painted.

In order for the judicial system to render justice, the investigation must be
conducted strictly within legal guidelines. Therefore, a more accurate
statement of the problem would be identify, locate and arrest the rapist and
recover the stolen property in a manner that is consistent to the requirements
of the legal system.

2. FORM A HYPOTHESIS

Apply Reasoning
This will create more problems for investigators more than any other. In
order to form a hypothesis, an investigator must be able to apply some type of
reasoning to formulate an idea about how the crime was committed, a
subject’s involvement, or some other aspect of the crime. An investigator must
be careful not to draw too narrow a hypothesis, or one that is so broad that
nothing meaningful can be derived from it. Care must also be exercised to
avoid allowing one’s personal bias to influence this process.

Examine Motive, Opportunity and Means

Traditionally, an examination into motive, opportunity and means will

produce one or more explanations. Motive is defined as that which causes a
person to act in a certain manner, while opportunity would simply be the
occasion or chance to commit the crime in question. Means is generally the
least important element to be considered, since the means to commit a crime
can usually be available to a wide range of individuals.

For example, nearly anyone could walk into a convenience store and
snatch cash from the hand of the clerk. The taking of the cash in and of itself is
not nearly as important an element as the others.

3. Observed and Experiment

Once a hypothesis is developed, the investigator has direction to help

identify evidence to support the investigation. The newly developed
hypothesis can be tested by observing individuals and their actions to see if
they support the rapist, the investigator’s hypothesis that a former boyfriend
was involved might be supported through the location of an eyewitness that
puts him in the neighborhood on the night the offense occurred.

The hypothesis is put to further scrutiny by the search of this suspect’s

fingerprints, hairs or other biological fluids among the items of evidence
recovered from the crime scene. The investigator constantly re-evaluates the
hypothesis by examining any and all information that is obtained during the
course of investigation.

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 Each of these examinations will help test the strength of the
investigator’s hypothesis. Additionally, the investigator’s hypothesis will also
be tested for accuracy by other investigators, supervisors and eventually the
prosecutor should an arrest be made.

4. Interpret Data

This step is self-explanatory. However, the investigator must be careful

to ensure that his/her personal bias does not unduly influence the data.
Interpreting data means that the investigator must evaluate all the evidence,
statements and personal observations in order to reach a conclusion.

Weighting the Data

While interpreting all of the data in the case, the investigator looks at
each interview conducted and determines what weight if any, each must be
given. For example, the witness statement of a person in the area that saw the
suspect on the evening of the rape and positively picked his photograph from a
photo lineup will weigh much heavier than the account of a roommate that
insists the suspect was at home when the crime occurred.

Inconsistencies and Discrepancies

This same type of scrutiny must also be applied to the victim if

inconsistencies are identified in the statement. Although some discrepancies
are inevitable, a victim that provides numerous discrepancies when asked to
repeat the facts as they occurred may not be being totally truthful. This lack of
honesty may be due to embarrassment or it may be an indicator that false
report has been filed. In either case, the investigator must proceed carefully
while conducting this analysis.

Forming a Different Hypothesis

If this step of the process does not yield a strong indication of guilt, the
investigator may need to form another hypothesis and take a different
approach in the investigation. The investigator must be careful not to
stubbornly refuse to yield when the facts do not support his/her theory.
Sometimes things are not always the way they seem.

5. Draw Conclusions

The investigator must employ not only deductive reasoning, but more
importantly inductive reasoning to help reach final conclusions concerning the
witness, evidence and motivations in the case. By using proven truth , the
investigator should hopefully be able to draw some meaningful conclusions
concerning certain aspects of the case.

Through this final step in the investigative process, the investigator

should reach the conclusion that the accused is the person who committed the
crime being investigated, to the exclusion of all others. This conclusion should
be supported by as many other facts as have been uncovered during the
investigation, such as victim/witness statements, physical evidence and/or a
confession.

Here are the standards methods of recording investigative data as per PNP’s
2011 Revised Criminal Investigation Manual:

a. Photographs;
b. Sketching crime scenes;
c. Written notes (what you have seen or observed);
d. Developing and lifting fingerprints found at the crime scene;
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 e. Gathering physical evidence;
f. Plaster cast;
g. Tape recording of sounds;
h. Video tape recording of objects; and
i. Written statements of subject and witnesses.

The Five Steps of Investigative Process

1. State the problem

 Identify suspect
 Locate suspect
 Arrest suspect
 Recover stolen property
 Use legal means

2. Form a hypothesis
 Motive
 Opportunity
 Means

3. Observe and Experiment

 Evaluate hypothesis
 Modify/reject hypothesis
 Experiment with hypothesis

4. Interpret Data
 Interpret Data results of final observations and
experimentation.

5. Draw Conclusions
 Has the stated problem been answered?
 Does evidence support hypothesis?
 Has every facet of the investigation been conducted within
the law?
 Do the fact of the case support prosecution?

Criminal Investigators: Responsibilities and Essential Qualities:

A Criminal investigator as defined by the PNP criminal investigation

Manual is a public safety officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of
all criminal cases as provided for and embodied under the revised penal code/
criminal laws and special laws which is criminal in nature. He or she is well
trained, disciplined and experience professional in the field of criminal
investigation duties and responsibilities (PNP, 2011).

Cases in Criminal investigation are normally assigned by a criminal

investigation chief or supervisor, or through rotation in shifting basis. These
assignments are usually based on investigative expertise, case load and or area
of responsibility.

Tools of Investigation

1. Information- this refers to the data gathered by an investigator from either

regular or cultivated sources including the victim themselves: and from public
and private records; modus operandi files, arrest records and rouge gallery.

2. Interview- this refers to the skillful questioning of suspects and witness

believed to possess knowledge that is of official interest to the investigator. It
includes so called interrogation which are actually interviews that elicit
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 information from witnesses and volunteers, paid or confidential informants.

3. Instrumentation- this refers to the use of forensic technology as a tool in

the examination of physical evidence using established methods.

Taking of sworn documents of suspects- the execution of a suspect ‘’waiver’’

as stipulated in Article 125 of RPC shall always be done in the presence of his
chosen counsel or any independent council.

Taking of sworn documents of the witness- Sworn statement or affidavit of

complainant and witness/es must be taken immediately by the investigator-
on-case. Affidavit of arrest of arresting officers must be taken immediately not
later than 24 hours. In inquest cases, the investigator on case and arresting
officers shall observe the Art. 125 of the RPC.

Procedure in the release of crime scene

A crime scene may include a home, a vehicle, an open space, a park, a
playground, a remote location in bushes and woods or any private and public
place or established. In order to remove the cordon and release the crime
scene theses needs to be followed:

a. Ensure that appropriate inventory has been made;

b. Release is accomplished only after completion of the final survey and
proper documentation of evidence, witness/es, victim/s and suspect/s and\
c. If the crime scene is within a private property, the same must be
released to the lawful owner witnessed by any Barangay officials. In case of
government facility, it should be released to the administrator.

Follow up of a case
The investigator shall conduct police operation to identify and
apprehend suspect/s based on the results of the initial investigation
conducted.

Preparation of case investigation Plan

The conduct of police operation involving sensational cases. High profile
and heinous crimes must be covered by case investigation plan.

Attendance to court duties

The investigator-on-case and arresting officers shall endeavor to ensure
their attendance during court hearings while chief of police/ heads of units
shall supervise and ensure the attendance of witness.

Uniform of the investigator

Prescribed uniform should be worn by investigators when conducting
investigation so as to identify them as PNP personnel.

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 Crime Scene Investigation Process

Post Test: Post test

Test 2- Multiple choices choose the correct answer.
1. This is the collection of facts in order to accomplish the three fold aims
to identify the suspect, to locate the suspect and provide evidence to
the suspect guilt?
a. Criminal Investigator on case
b. Criminal investigator supervisor
c. Criminal investigation
d. Criminal detective

2. This is the reason that pushes the perpetrator to commit an act with a
definite result in mind?
a. Opportunity
b. Means
c. Motive
d. None of these

3. Refers to a chance or occasion to commit the act?

a. Opportunity
b. Means
c. Motive
d. All of the above

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 4. This is the capability of the perpetrator to commit the act using the
available tools at hand?
a. Means
b. Opportunity
c. Motive
d. None of these

5. This refers to the data gathered by an investigator from either regular

or cultivated sources including the victim themselves?
a. Information
b. Interview
c. Instrumentation
d. All of these

6. This refers to the skillful questioning of suspects and witnesses

believed to possess knowledge that is of official interest to the
investigator.
a. Information
b. Interview
c. Instrumentation
d. Interrogation

7. This refers to the use of forensic technology as a tool in the examination

of physical evidence using established methods.
a. Information
b. Interview
c. Instrumentation
d. Interrogation

8. This is a logbook with hard-bound cover that contains the daily register
of all crime incident reports?
a. Official Police Blotter
b. Blue blotter book
c. Red Blotter book
d. Pink Blotter book

9. What is the official size of Official Police Blotter Book?

a. 18x12
b. 18x19
c. 18x16
d. 18x20

10. A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/events have been

committed.
a. Place of incident
b. Court
c. Jurisdiction
d. Crime Scene

11. It is refers to the post-incident police operational procedure undertaken

at the crime scene when a crime has been committed.
a. Crime of events
b. Crime Scene Investigation
c. Crime scene process
d. Crime scene sketch

14 | P a g e CDI-2 Special Crime Investigation with legal medicine (Midterm M o d u l e N o . 1 )

 12. It is refer to the duly investigator assigned or designated to conduct the
inquiry of the crime by following a systematic set of procedure and
methodologies for purpose of identifying witnesses, recovering evidence,
arresting and prosecuting perpetrators.
a. Crime of events officer
b. Crime Scene Investigator
c. Investigator-on-case
d. Crime scene sketcher

13. This is refers to the functional capability of the PNP crime Laboratory
performed by its trained personnel through the recognition.
a. Scene of the events of crime
b. Scene of the crime procedures
c. Scene of the crime operation
d. All of these

14. He/she are members of police, military, fire, medical teams and other
volunteer who are expected to be the first respond to calls for assistance in
cases of incident.
a. Investigator
b. supervisor
c. first responder
d. None of these

15. This is the admission of the suspect on the offense committed.

a. Admission
b. Confession
c. Eyewitness
d. all of the above

Post-test 3. For items number 16-20 based your answers from the situation
below an shooting incidents

1. On July 18, 2021 at about 2:45PM, Personnel of Barobo Municipal

Police Station received cellular phone call from concerned citizen informing
that there were two lifeless persons allegedly victims for shooting incident
laying along National Road of Purok-7 Talisay, Barangay Poblacion, Barobo,
Surigao del Sur `more or less 4 km away from the Municipal Police Station;

2. Upon receipt of information, team from this station led by PLT

SANNY M CEZAR, OPN PCO together with Investigator PNCO PSSg Ivan Rod T
Suello under close supervision of PMAJ CHAD S KIAT-ONG, COP onboard PNP
Mobile Patrol and immediately proceeded to the place of incident to verify the
veracity of report and for possible hot pursuit operation and conduct
investigation thereat;

3. Initial investigation disclosed conducted that at about 2:30PM on

July 18, 2021 both victims Hamja Habibudin Kasan, legal age, male, married,
self-employed and Aida Jimenez kasan, legal age, female, self-employed both
residents of Purok-7 Talisay Barangay Poblacion, Barobo Surigoa del Sur were
riding blue/black Honda XRM 125 motorcycle left from their home towards
Lianga, Surigao del Sur;

4. Further, upon reaching at aforesaid place unidentified perpetrators

suddenly block their way and shot the victims several times using alleged cal.
9mm pistol hitting the different parts of their body that caused their untimely
death.

15 | P a g e CDI-2 Special Crime Investigation with legal medicine (Midterm M o d u l e N o . 1 )

 5. Furthermore, Investigator-on-Case recovered the following
evidences at the place of incident to with A. Eleven (11) pcs of alleged Cal.
9mm fired cartridge cases and B. Five (5) pieces of alleged cal. 9mm fired
bullets.

6. Moreover, the Attending Municipal Health DR. Joel S. Pama were

examined the two cadaver at the place of incident and after the said lifeless
body were immediately brought at Barobo Public Cemetery under the custody
of immediately family for burial.

7. Motive is to be determined

Questions:

16. If you are the designated investigator, what is the specific case to be
filed against the perpetrators?
a. Homicide
b. Serious physical injury
c. Two counts of murder
d. Frustrated murder

17. As an investigator on case, what particular evidence will be you

examine at the crime laboratory in terms of Ballistic examination?
a. Blood stain
b. Recovered fired cartridges and fired bullets
c. The two killed cadavers
d. The investigator will not submit the evidence

18. What particular wounds did the victims sustained?

a. Stabbing wounds
b. Gun powder wounds
c. Gunshot wounds
d. Fired blast wounds

19. If you are the first responder what should you do first at the crime
scene?
a. Cordoned the crime scene and preserved the evidence
b. Evacuate the killed person at the nearest hospital
c. Nothing to do more
d. You must standing at the crime scene and instruct the witness to
leave

20. If the perpetrator has been identified and has eyewitness about the
shooting incident, what should the investigator on case does?
a. The investigator must prepare for an affidavit of witness to file the
case.
b. The investigator on case shall be conducting a lie detection test.
c. The investigator on case shall report the witness at department of
justice.
d. The investigator on case shall discourage the witness to testify the
shooting incident.

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 Test-3 Essay type: Answer the given situation. (21-30) 10points

(Scenario)

On September 19, 2020 at about 11:06AM, Personnel of this station

received cellular phone call from concerned citizen informing that there was an
alleged shooting incident at Purok-2 Fish Port Barangay Wakat, Barobo, Surigao
del Sur `which 3.5 km away from the station;

Upon receipt of information, team from this station led by PSMS Norman G
Reyes Jr. under close supervision of PCPT MAITHA P RAMIREZ, OIC onboard
PNP Mobile Patrol and immediately proceeded to the place of incident to verify the
veracity of report, conduct hot pursuit operation and investigation thereat;

Initial investigation disclosed conducted that at about 10:50AM on

September 19, 2020 the victim Edalyn Carpio Maravillas, 35 years old, married,
female, fish broker, and a resident of Purok-6 Barangay Wakat, Barobo, Surigao
del Sur while unloading her delivered fished at Fish Port she was suddenly shoot
by unidentified person using alleged caliber 45 pistol hitting her right upper thigh
that cause injury.

Further, the suspects were immediately onboard single motorcycle fled

away towards mountainous area of Barangay Wakat, Barobo, Surigao del Sur.

Furthermore, the victim was rushed to Felixberto Urviztondo Hospital,

Barobo, Surigao del Sur, However, she has been referred to San Francisco
Doctors Hospital, Hubang, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur for medical treatment.

Moreover, during the crime scene processing the duty Investigator-on-

Case recovered the following evidences.

A. Three (3) pieces of alleged misfired/ejected cartridge cases of caliber

45 pistol

B. One (1) piece of alleged fired bullet of caliber 45 pistol

Motive of this case is allegedly personal grudge or revenge.

Question.

If you are the Investigator-on-case. What should you do to identify the

suspects and to file the case in prosecutor office against the assailant? (Apply
all your means and ways to solve the case).

17 | P a g e CDI-2 Special Crime Investigation with legal medicine (Midterm M o d u l e N o . 1 )