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    TABLAS DE KRAUS COMPLETO

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    51 views97 pages

    Tablas de Kraus Completo

    Uploaded by

    Hugo Alejandro Ruiz Zarco

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Kraus Ramsdell ~ / | ORB eWeek International Student Edition ay Tables for the Determination of Minerals by Means of Their Physical Properties, Occurrences, and Associates (Pages 494 to 661) DIRECTIONS FOR USING THE TABLES These tables for the determination of minerals depend largely upon the use of those physical properties that are easily, rapidly, and accurately recognizable at sight. As luster and color can be determined at first glance, they are made the basis of the tables. Thus, the minerals are divided into two large groups depending upon whether they possess a metallic or nonmetallic luster. Minerals with metalloidal or submetallic lusters are listed in both divisions. Each of these groups is then sub- divided according to color, the other property readily recognized at first glance. There are also further subgroupings according to streak, and then according to increasing hardness. Within each of the latter smaller subdivisions the minerals are listed with reference to increasing specific gravity. To illustrate the use of the tables let us assume that we have a specimen of magnetite. As the luster is metallic and the color black, the mineral falls into group 1, page 494. The streak is then determined and is found to be black. Consequently it is placed in the second subdivision under streak. The hardness is next testedand found to be 6. Accordingly, reference should be made to page 512, where the minerals with metallic luster, black color and streak, and hardness over 8 are listed.with concise descriptions. The hardness column is now followed until values of 6 or thereabouts are encountered. At this point it becomes necessary to determine the various other properties, such as crystallization, structure, transparency, cleavage, fracture, tenacity, and specific gravity, as well as the general characteristics and associates. A comparison of these obser- vations with the descriptions of the various minerals with a hardness of approximately 6 should lead readily to an accurate determination. 493, 494 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION A. MINERALS WITH METALLIC LUSTER Color of mineral Streak White, gray, green, red, brown, or yellow 1. Dark gray or black......... Black......... { Metallic white or steel gray 2. Metallic white or light me- Mina Black { Brown or yellow. 8. Yellow... ....0060. Black Gray, red, or yellow.......... 4. Brass, bronze, or copper red Black... White, gray, green, red, brown, 5. Red, brown, or blue....... or yellow Black Hardness Page 1to 3 3to6 Over 6 1to3 Over 3 1to6 1to3 Over 3 1t06 Over 3 1to3 Over 3 1to8 Btod Over 6 106 496 498 506 510 12 516 518 520 520 524 526 528 532 534 AND ANALYTICAL KEY. B. MINERALS WITH NONMETALLIC LUSTER Color of mineral Streak Hardness Page Green, red, brown, yellow, or. { 1t06 black Over 6 1. Dark gray or black. 1to3 Uncolored, white, or light gray.) 3 to 6 Over 6 Red, brown, or yellow {pees 2. Pink, red, red-brown, or red-violet 1to8 Uncolored, white, or light gray 3to6 Over 6 . 1to3 Blue, green, brown, or yellow { oe 3. Green, blue, or blue-violet 1to3 Uncolored, white, or light gray.} 3 to 6 Over 6 { 1to3 Red, brown, or yellow. Over 3 4. Yellow of brown 1to3 Uncolored, white, or light gray.) 3 to 6 Over 6 1lto3 5. Colortess, white, or TEM Uncolored, white, or light gray. 3 to 6 ery Over 6 536 540 542 544 548 552 554 558 560 568 574 574 578 582 592 602 606 612 22, 630 638 654 496 A. MINERALS WITH METALLIC LUSTER 1. DARK GRAY OR BLACK IN COLOR 497 Streak—White, gray, green, red, brown, or yellow ee i 0 ee Crystallization | Name, Composition, and | _Strueture Luster | aaa . ee oe Reference Crystals = C ‘Transparency aoe Streak Fracture = F nee Rann re | Massive = M | Tenacity 24 . = - | CHLORITE (Prochlorite, Monoclinic Dull Black ia clinoehlorite) C—Tabular, six-eided, | Submetallic Greenish Pale green C—Basal, perfect; 2.6. Laminae are flexible but in- Mg:Al(OH).AISiOy5 often bent and Translucent black Re ie ho) eae ee twisted falopaas conspicuous feel. Common in schists M—Foliated, scaly, FSealy, earthy and serpentine. With granular, earthy Tough to brittle magnetite, garnet, diop- side, magnesite. | Often as a scaly or dusty coating on other minerals. Pseu- 401 domorphous after garnet HEMATITE, variety Hexagonal Metallic Tron black ‘Specular iron ore C—Thin tabular, often Splendent Dark steel Cherry red C—None, but dis 4.9 Bright, shiny scales, often FeO; in parallel position Opaque to gray Reddish brown tinct parting 5.3 loosely compact; foliated M—Scaly, micaceous, translucent F—Uneven or migaceous masses. In platy, foliated Brittle to clastic metamorphic rocks or as sublimation product 301 around voleanoes BIOTITE (Black mica) Monoclinic bee ui ; C—Tabular, with hex- Pearly Brownish White C—Basal, perfect, 2.7 Easily recognized by strue- K(Mg,Fe),(OH,F):AISi0x agonal or rhombic Opaque to black Grayish conspicuous 3.2 ture, highly perfect cleav- outline transparent Greenish Tough, laminae of age, and elasticity. Im- M—Plates, disseminated black fresh biotite portant constituent of scales very elastic many igneous and meta- morphic rocks—granite, 399 syenite, gneiss Pyrargyrite Hexagonal Metallic Dark lead ‘AgsSbS, CSrmall, complex, Adamantine gray Cherry red C—Imperfect 5.8 Frequently as gray or dark emimorphie, rare Opaque to Purplish red. F—Conchoidal red bands, known as, dark M—Compact, dissemi- transparent Brittle rubysilver ore. With proust- in nated, bands, crusts ite; in veins with other silver minerals and galena SILVER cS Metallic Dark gray to ie fire a often dis- Opaque black after Silver white None 10.5 Color and streak darken on i exposure, Light lead F—Hackl 12. exposure. With silver M— . ig gray ly ‘P' * ees Plates, otherwise Malleable, ductile lead, arsenic, cobalt, and Renee eka puree ickel aiiuerdleareene 258 tite, pyrargyrite, proust- ite, galena, smaltite; also fiuorite, calcite, barite 1 Page reference for description of mineral, 498 A. MINERALS WITH METALLIC LUSTER 1, DARK GRAY OR BLACK IN COLOR 499 Streak—White, gray, green, red, brown, or yellow Hardness 3 to 6 Crystallization | Name, Composition, and Structure Luster | ‘ Hawt Cleavage = C | srecite Chinrsiteelation ana, Reference Crystals = C ‘Transparency | Color ae Streak Fracture = F || Gravity Associates: Massive = M Tinaetty, TETRAHEDRITE Cubic Metallic Dark steel 3. Reddish brown — C—Indistinet 4.6 Crystals have character- C—Tetrahedral, often Opaque gray 45 F—Uneven 5.1 istic tetrahedral habit. MuRSis highly modified Iron black Brittle Sometimes coated with M = Usually Cu M~—Granular, compact, chalcopyrite. Withsphal- R = $b, As erite, galena, bournonite, chalcopyrite, siderite 290 pyrit URANINITE (Pitehblende) Cubic Pitch-like Pitch black 3. Dark brown F—Conehoidal,un- 4.8 Pitch-like appearance and C—Octahedral, rare Submetallie Brownish 6. Olive green even 9.7 fractureimportant, Fresh vo, M—Botryoidal, colum- Dull black Brittle material is hard and nar, curved lamellar; Opaque Greenish heavy. With ores of lead, granular, eompact; black silver, and bismuth; also apparently amor- allanite phous 312, SIDERITE Hexagonal Submetallic Brownish 3.5 Yellowish brown C—Rhombohedral, 3.7 Distinguished from sphal- C—Rhombohedral,curved Dull black ie perfect, con- 3.9 erite by curved crystals FeCO. or saddleshaped, Opaque to —_Black spicuous and rhombohedral cleav- common. translucent F—Conchoidal age. In ore deposits; M—Cleavable, granular, Brittle beds and concretions in compact, botryoidal, limestones and shales. rarely fibrous With pyrite, chaleopyrite, galena, tetrahedrite, eryo- lite 332 Alabandite Cubic Submetallic Iron black 3.5 Olive green C—Cubical, not 3.9 Color may tarnish brown- C—Rare Dull 4 Dirty green conspicuous 4. ish black, Streak char- Mns M—Granular, compact Opaque F—Uneven acteristic. With rhodo- Brittle chrosite, ore 1 PyTite, ite, rite

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