‫بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرََّحْمَنِ الرََّحِيم‬

SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS
YEAR LEARNINGS
 Summary Slide
Positive (‫)مثبت‬ Negative (‫)منف‬
‫ي‬
‫گردان‬ ‫وزن‬ Meaning ‫وزن‬ Meaning
Comments
‫ معروف‬- ‫ماض‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫ل‬َ ‫َف َع‬ He did ‫ل‬ َ ‫ما َف َع‬ He did not do For actions in the Past: ‫ معروف‬- ‫ماض‬ َ ‫ل َف ُع‬
‫فعل‬has 3 ‫ اوزان‬: ‫ل‬ َ ‫ل َفع‬
ِ
َ ‫َف َع‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ مجهول‬- ‫ماض‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ُفع‬ It was done ‫ل‬ َ ‫مافع‬ُ
It was not done ‫ مجهول‬- ‫ماض‬ ‫فعل‬has only 1‫ وزن‬: ‫ل‬ َ ‫فع‬ ُ
‫ي‬ ِ ِ ‫ي‬ ِ
‫ معروف‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬ ُ‫َي ْف َعل‬ He is doing / He will do ُ ‫ال َي ْف َع‬
‫ل‬ He is not doing / He will not do ‫ فعل مضارع‬is relevant for both present & future.
‫ مجهول‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬ ‫ل‬ُ ‫ُي ْف َع‬ It is being done / It will be done ‫ل‬ُ ‫ال ُي ْف َع‬ ُ ‫ل َي ْف ُع‬
It is not being done / It will not be done ‫ فعل مضارع‬- ‫ معروف‬has 3 ‫ اوزان‬: ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ل َي ْفع‬
ِ
ُ ‫َي ْف َع‬

‫ مجهول‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬has only 1‫ وزن‬:‫ل‬ ُ ‫ُي ْف َع‬

‫ معروف‬- ‫ سوف‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬ ُ ‫ سوف َي ْف َع‬He will do it after a while.

‫ل‬ Only for (far) future‫بعيد‬
‫ معروف‬- ‫ س‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬ ‫ل‬ُ ‫سي ْف َع‬
َ He will do it very soon. Only for (near) future ‫قريب‬

‫ معروف‬- ‫نف تاكيد بلن‬ َ ‫ َل ْن َي ْف َع‬He will never do.

‫ل‬ Emphasised negation. Only for Future. One of ‫حروف ناصبة‬
‫ي‬
‫ ضمة اعراب‬is replaced with a ‫ صيغة( فتحة‬# : 1,4,7,13,14)
‫ مجهول‬- ‫نف تاكيد بلن‬ َ ‫ َل ْن ُي ْف َع‬It will never be done.
‫ل‬ ‫اب‬
‫ي‬ ‫ ن اعر ي‬is dropped from all‫ & صيغة تثنية‬2 ‫ جمع مذكر صيغة‬. (‫صيغة‬
(‫ صيغة‬# #
2, 2,5,8,11,3,9)
3,5,8, 9, 10,11)
Both ‫جمع مونث صيغة‬are‫مبن‬ ‫ي‬ and don’t change (‫صيغة‬ # 6, 12)

‫ معروف‬- ‫نف جحد بلم‬ ْ ‫ َل ْم َي ْف َع‬He did not do

‫ل‬ Negation. Takes it to the past. One of ‫حروف جازمة‬
‫ي‬
‫ ضمة اعراب‬is replaced with a ‫ صيغة( جزم‬# : 1,4,7,13,14)
‫ مجهول‬- ‫نف جحد بلم‬ ْ ‫ َل ْم ُي ْف َع‬It was not done
‫ل‬ ‫اب‬ (‫ صيغة‬##2, 3,5,8, 9, 10,11)
‫ي‬ ‫ ن اعر ي‬is dropped from all‫ & صيغة تثنية‬2 ‫ جمع مذكر صيغة‬. (‫صيغة‬ 2,5,8,11,3,9)
Both ‫جمع مونث صيغة‬are‫مبن‬ ‫ي‬ and don’t change (‫ صيغة‬# 6, 12)

‫ معروف‬- ‫ل االمر‬ ْ ‫ل َي ْف َع‬

‫ل‬ He must do ! Positive Command: One of ‫حروف جازمة‬
ِ
For‫ معروف‬- ‫ االمر‬,in all 6 ‫ صيغة حاض‬the '‫عالمت مضارع 'ت‬will be replaced by ‫أ‬
‫ مجهول‬- ‫ل االمر‬ ْ ‫ل ُي ْف َع‬
‫ل‬ It must be done !
ُ ُ
The ‫ حركة‬of ‫ أ‬will depend on ‫ حركة‬of '‫ كلمة 'ع‬i.e. if ‫أ = ع‬
َ
& if ‫ ع‬/‫ِأ = ِع‬
ِ
The above 6‫ حاض صيغة‬are called ''‫''فعل امر‬. In‫ مجهول‬- ‫ االمر‬this is not the case.

‫ معروف‬- ‫النه‬ ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ال َي ْف َع‬

‫ل‬ He must not do ! Negative Command: One of ‫حروف جازمة‬
‫ي‬
‫ مجهول‬- ‫النه‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ْ ‫ال ُي ْف َع‬ It must not be done ! Prefix‫ ال‬to be added to all 14 ‫صيغة‬
‫ي‬
َ ْ َ
‫ معروف‬- ‫ ن ثقيلة‬- ‫ل تاكيد‬ ‫ل َيف َعل َّن‬ He will verily/surely do The ''Emphatic''. Same meaning with both‫ن خفيفة & ن ثقيلة‬
َ ْ َ
‫ مجهول‬- ‫ ن ثقيلة‬- ‫ل تاكيد‬ ‫ل ُيف َعل َّن‬ It will verily/surely be done
َ ْ َ
‫ معروف‬- ‫ ن خفيفة‬- ‫ل تاكيد‬ ‫ل َيف َعل ْن‬ He will verily/surely do The ''Emphatic''. Same meaning with both‫ن خفيفة & ن ثقيلة‬
َ ْ َ
‫ مجهول‬- ‫ ن خفيفة‬- ‫ل تاكيد‬ ‫ل ُيف َعل ْن‬ It will verily/surely be done ‫ ن خفيفة‬will only have 8‫ صيغة‬. It is not applicable on all ‫ & تثنية‬2 ‫جمع مونث صيغة‬
َ ْ
‫ معروف‬- ‫ تاكيد ن ثقيلة‬with ‫ل االمر‬ ‫ِل َيف َعل َّن‬ He must verily/surely do ! Emphatic + Positive Command. Same meaning with both‫ن خفيفة & ن ثقيلة‬
For‫ معروف‬- ‫ االمر‬,in all 6 ‫ صيغة حاض‬the '‫عالمت مضارع 'ت‬will be replaced by ‫أ‬
َ ْ ُ َ
‫ِل َيف َعل ْن‬
ُ
‫ معروف‬- ‫ تاكيد ن خفيفة‬with ‫ل االمر‬ He must verily/surely do ! The ‫ حركة‬of ‫ أ‬will depend on ‫ حركة‬of '‫ كلمة 'ع‬i.e. if ‫أ = ع‬ & if ‫ ع‬/‫ِأ = ِع‬
‫ ن خفيفة‬will only have 8‫ صيغة‬. It is not applicable on all ‫ & تثنية‬2 ‫جمع مونث صيغة‬
َ ْ َ
‫ معروف‬- ‫ ن ثقيلة‬- ‫ تاكيد‬with ‫النه‬
‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ َل َيف َعل َّن‬He must verily/surely not do ! Emphatic + Negative Command. Same meaning with both‫ن خفيفة & ن ثقيلة‬
Prefix‫ ال‬to be added to all 14 ‫صيغة‬
َ ْ َ
‫ معروف‬- ‫ ن خفيفة‬- ‫ تاكيد‬with ‫النه‬
‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ َل َيف َعل ْن‬He must verily/surely not do ! ‫ ن خفيفة‬will only have 8‫ صيغة‬. It is not applicable on all ‫ & تثنية‬2 ‫جمع مونث صيغة‬
Summary Slide
 ‫)صرف صغیر( ‪Summary Slide‬‬
‫ضاْ ِربٌ‬
‫َ‬ ‫فَ ُه َوٌ‬ ‫ض ْرًبٌ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ض ِر ُ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫يَ ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬
‫ض َر َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اسم فاعل‬ ‫اسم مصدر‬ ‫فعل مضارع معروف‬ ‫فعل ماضی معروف‬
‫ض ُرْوبٌ‬
‫َم ْ‬ ‫اكٌ‬
‫فَ َذ َ‬ ‫ض ْرًبٌ‬
‫َ‬ ‫بٌ‬
‫ض َر ُ‬
‫يُ ْ‬ ‫ض ِر َ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َوٌ‬
‫اسم مفعول‬ ‫اسم مصدر‬ ‫فعل مضارع جمهول‬ ‫فعل ماضي جمهول‬
‫بٌ‬
‫ض َر َ‬
‫لَ ْنٌيُّ ْ‬ ‫ض ِر َ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫لَ ْنٌيَّ ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬
‫ض َر ُ‬
‫ََلٌيُ ْ‬ ‫ض ِر ُ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫ََلٌيَ ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬
‫ض َر ْ‬
‫ََلٌْيُ ْ‬ ‫ض ِر ْ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫ََلٌْيَ ْ‬
‫فعل نفى اتكيد بلن جمهول‬ ‫فعل نفى اتكيد بلن معروف‬ ‫فعل نفى مضارع جمهول‬ ‫فعل نفى مضارع معروف‬ ‫فعل نفى جحد بلم جمهول‬ ‫فعل نفى جحد بلم معروف‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫لِيُ ْ‬
‫ض َر ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬ ‫لِيَ ْ‬
‫ض ِر ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬ ‫لِتُ ْ‬
‫ض َر ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬ ‫أِ ْ‬
‫ض ِر ْ‬ ‫اََْلَ ْم ُر ٌِ‬
‫ٌم ْن ٌهُ‬
‫فعل امر واحد مذكر حاضر معروف فعل امر واحد مذكر حاضر جمهول فعل امر واحد مذكر غائب معروف فعل امر واحد مذكر غائب جمهول‬

‫بٌ‬
‫ض َر ْ‬
‫ََلٌيُ ْ‬ ‫ض ِر ْ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫ََلٌيَ ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬
‫ض َر ْ‬
‫ََلٌتُ ْ‬ ‫ض ِر ْ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫ََلٌتَ ْ‬
‫َوالنَّ ِه ٌُي َع ْن ٌهُ‬
‫فعل هنى واحد مذكر حاضر معروف فعل هنى واحد مذكر حاضر جمهول فعل هنى واحد مذكر غائب معروف فعل هنى واحد مذكر غائب جمهول‬

‫ضا ِر ُ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫َم َ‬ ‫ض ِرَب ِنٌ‬
‫َم ْ‬ ‫ض ِربٌ‬
‫َم ْ‬ ‫اَلْظَّر ٌُ ِ‬
‫اسم ظرف مجع‬ ‫اسم ظرف تثنية‬ ‫اسم ظرف واحد‬
‫ف م ْن ٌهُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ضا ِر ُ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫َم َ‬ ‫ِم ْ‬
‫ض َرَب ِنٌ‬ ‫ِم ْ‬
‫ض َربٌ‬
‫اسم آلة مجع‬ ‫اسم آلة تثنية‬ ‫اسم آلة واحد‬ ‫َواْآللَةُ ٌِ‬
‫ٌم ْن ٌهُ‬
‫ضرب تَ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِم ْ‬
‫ضا ِر ُ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫َم َ‬ ‫انٌ‬ ‫م ْ ََ‬ ‫ض َربٌَة‬
‫اسم آلة مجع‬ ‫اسم آلة تثنية‬ ‫اسم آلة واحد‬
‫َضا ِر ُ‬
‫بٌ‬ ‫أَ‬ ‫أَ ْ‬
‫ض َربُ ْو َنٌ‬ ‫ض َرَبْ ِنٌ‬
‫أَ ْ‬ ‫بٌ‬ ‫أَ ْ‬
‫ض َر ُ‬ ‫ْم َّذ َّك ِر ٌِ‬
‫ٌم ْن ٌهُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫لل ُ‬ ‫اَفْ َع ُلٌاٌلْتَ ْف ٌِ‬
‫ض ْي ِلٌ‬
‫اسم تفضيل مجع‬ ‫اسم تفضيل مجع‬ ‫اسم تفضيل تثنية‬ ‫اسم تفضيل واحد‬
‫ض َربٌ‬ ‫ض ْربَيَاتٌ‬ ‫ضرب ي ِ‬
‫انٌ‬ ‫ض ْرَبٌ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ ََ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ث ٌِ‬
‫ٌم ْن ٌهُ‬ ‫والْموءنَّ ِ‬
‫َ ُ َ‬
‫اسم تفضيل مجع‬ ‫اسم تفضيل مجع‬ ‫اسم تفضيل تثنية‬ ‫اسم تفضيل واحد‬
 ‫ثالثیٌجمرد ابواب‬
THE SIX TYPES OF
TRILITERAL VERBS
 ‫)بب( ‪The Six Types of Verbs‬‬
‫‪Symbol‬‬ ‫‪Example‬‬ ‫‪Example‬‬ ‫مضارع‬ ‫ماضي‬
‫ف‬ ‫يَ ْفتَح‬ ‫فَتَ َح‬ ‫يَ ْف َعل‬ ‫فَ َع َل‬

‫ض‬ ‫ض ِرب‬
‫يَ ْ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ضَر َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫يَ ْفعِل‬ ‫فَ َع َل‬

‫ن‬ ‫يَْنصر‬ ‫صَر‬

‫نَ َ‬ ‫يَ ْفعل‬ ‫فَ َع َل‬

‫س‬ ‫يَ ْس َمع‬ ‫ََِس َع‬ ‫يَ ْف َعل‬ ‫فَعِ َل‬

‫ح‬ ‫ََْي ِسب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫حِ‬

‫س‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫يَ ْفعِل‬ ‫فَعِ َل‬

‫ك‬ ‫يَ ْكرم‬ ‫َكرَم‬ ‫يَ ْفعل‬ ‫فَع َل‬

CATEGORIES BASED ON
ROOT LETTERS
 Types of Verbs

Types of Verbs: In Terms of original letters (root letters) the verbs are of two
types ‫ ثالثی‬and ‫رابئى‬

‫ثالثی‬: that verb,‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬of which, has Three original letters (‫)حروف اصیل‬
example: (‫َض َب‬
َ َ ،‫َص‬
َ َ ‫)ن‬

‫رابئى‬: that verb,‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬of which, has Four original letters (‫)حروف اصیل‬
example: (‫ ب َ ْع َ َث‬،‫)د َْح َر َج‬
 Types of Verbs
Both ‫ ثالثی‬and ‫ رابئى‬are of two types:

‫ثالثی جمرد‬: that verb, ‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬of which, has Three original letters, i.e.
no extra letters (‫)حروف زوائد‬, example: (‫َض َب‬َ َ ،‫َص‬
َ َ ‫)ن‬
‫ثالثی مزيد فيه‬: that verb,‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬of which, has in addition to the Three
original letters, extra letters as well, example: (‫ ِا ْجتَنَ َب‬،‫ص‬
َ َ ْ‫) ِا ْستَن‬

‫رابئى جمرد‬: that verb,‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬of which, has Four original letters i.e. no
extra letters (‫)حروف زوائد‬, example: (‫ ب َ ْع َ َث‬،‫)د َْح َر َج‬

‫رابئى مزيد فيه‬: that verb,‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬of which, has in addition to the Four
original letters, extra letters as well, example: (‫ ِا ْجتَنَ َب‬،‫ص‬
َ َ ‫) ِا ْست َ ْن‬
 Tips for Identifying ‫ حروف اصیل‬and ‫حروف زوائد‬
• To recognize whether a word is ‫ جمرد‬or ‫ مزيد فيه‬check its ‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬, if its
free from ‫ حروف زوائد‬it is ‫جمرد‬
• If ‫ صيغة مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬has ‫ حروف زوائد‬then it will be ‫مزيد فيه‬
• The original letters of a word will always be present in all the derivatives of
that word
For example: ‫َص‬ ُ ُ ‫َص ي َ ْن‬
ََ‫ص ن‬ ‫( َنَ ِ ر‬the root letters ‫ ن ص ر‬are present in all forms)
‫ص نْ ر‬
• The extra letters of a word will be present in some of the derivatives of that
word and will not be present in other derivatives of that word
For example: ‫اَ ْك َرم‬ ‫( ُم ْك ِر رم ِا ْك َرا رم يُ ْك ِر ُم‬the extra letter ‫ ا‬is not present in all forms)
 Some Facts about ‫( مزيد فيه‬derived forms)
• Very few verb roots have all the other derived forms. Some have only one or two,
while others have four or give.
• Sometimes the root form is not in use while the derived forms are used, e.g. (‫َّب‬
َ ‫ َرت‬- to
arrange)
• There is a change in meaning (sometimes only a subtle change) as verb changes
from one form to another.
• The derived forms are formed by addition of extra letters to ‫ مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬of ‫ ثالثی جمرد‬.
Up to a maximum of three extra letters can be added to a verb, thus brining the
maximum number of letters of a verb to six in ‫مایض واحد مذكر غائب‬
• ‫ حروف زوائد‬are always from ‫ا‬, ‫ل‬, ‫ ي‬,‫ و‬,‫ م‬,‫ ت‬, ‫ن‬, ‫س‬, ‫ء‬, ‫ه‬, the combination of which is ‫اَلْيَ ْوَمٌتَ ْن َسها‬.
It dose not mean that wherever these letters appears they are extra, but it means
that when an extra letter is to be used it will be from one of these letters.
 Types of Verbs
Categories of Verb
‫ابواب االفعال‬

Quadriliteral Triliteral
‫رابعي‬ ‫ثالثي‬

Unaugmented Augmented Unaugmented Augmented

‫جمرد‬ ‫مزيد فيه‬ ‫جمرد‬ ‫مزيد فيه‬

Without With Without

One Sub- With Six Sub-
Hamzatul Hamzatul Hamzatul
Category Hamzatul Wasl Categories
Wasl Wasl Wasl

One Sub- Two Sub- Nine Sub- Five Sub-

Category categories Categories categories
 ‫‪Types of Verbs‬‬

‫بهمزة الوصل‬ ‫بدون همزة الوصل‬ ‫بهمزة الوصل‬

‫بدون همزة الوصل‬

 Forms &Types of Verbs

Form X Form VIII

Form II Form IV

Form IX Form VII

Form III Form V

Form VI

In the Hans Wehr Dictionary ‫ابواب‬ ‫ مزيد فيه‬are indicated by Roman Numerals (II-X) which we
have specified above as “Form”
 ‫ثالثیٌمزيدٌفيه ابواب‬
THE DERIVED FORMS OF
TRILITERAL VERBS
 Form II – ‫ابب تَ ْفعِْيل‬
In Form II there is a ‫ شدَّة‬on the ‫ ع اللكمة‬and ‫مضة‬ on the ‫مضارع‬. This Form is classified as a
‫ شدَّة‬Form and a ‫ مضة‬Form.
Form II is made by doubling the second root letter of the basic verb: ‫فَ َع َل‬ ➙ ‫فَ َّع َل‬
ِّ َ ُ َ ُ َ ً ْ ْ َ ُ ِّ َ ُ َ َّ َ
‫علم يعلم تعليما فهو معلم‬
َّ َ ُ َ َ َ ً ْ ْ َ ُ َّ َ ُ َ ِّ ُ
‫علم يعلم تعليما فذاَ معلم‬
َّ َ ُ ْ ِّ َ ُ ْ ِّ َ
‫معلم‬ ‫التعلم‬
ُ ْ ُ ْ َّ ْ َ
‫الظرف مْه‬ ‫علم‬ ُ ْ ُ َّ َ
‫ه َعْه‬
ِ ْ‫وال‬
ُ ْ ُ ْ َ َْ
‫اْلمر مْه‬

Tip: Each Form has elements that always remain the same regardless of the root letters within. The
constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 Form II – ‫ابب تَ ْفعِْيل‬
Complete Paradigm:

Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب تَ ْفعِْيل‬is the tashdid of the ( ‫ )ع اللكمة‬in the

َ ) without a (‫ )أ‬preceding the (‫)ف اللكمة‬.

(‫ )املایض‬and (‫أمر حاضر‬
• In (‫ )مضارع‬the (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬of this (‫ )ابب‬is also always (‫)مرفوع‬,
( ‫ )ف اللكمة‬is always (‫ )مفتوح‬and ( ‫ )ع اللكمة‬is always (‫ )مكسور‬.

‫امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬:

They are made from (‫ )مضارع‬by replacing (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬with (‫)مرفوع م‬
and putting (‫ )تنوين‬at the end. The ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس الفاعل‬will be (‫)مكسور‬
and ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس املفعول‬will be (‫)مفتوح‬
 Form II – ‫ابب تَ ْفعِْيل‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫تََ ّْبان‬ ‫تَ ْسلِْي ًما‬

‫ن بَ ِدل‬ ‫ُمَلَ َقة‬
ْ َ‫ن ِزل‬
‫ت‬ ‫مبَ ِش ِريْ َن‬
Other words in this form
 َ ‫ابب م َف‬
Form III – ‫اعلَة‬
In From III there is an extra ‫ ألف‬after the ‫ ف اللكمة‬as well as the ‫مضة‬ on the ‫مضارع‬. This Form
is classified as a ‫ ألف‬Form and a ‫ مضة‬Form.
Form III is made by adding a ‫ ألف‬after the second root letter of the basic verb: ‫فَ َع َل‬ ➙ ‫فَاعَ َل‬

َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ً َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ
‫جاهد يجاهد جهادا ومجاهدة فهو مجاهد‬
َ َ ُ َ ََ َ َ َ ُ َ ً َ ُ َ َ ُ َ ْ ُ
‫جوهد يجاهد جهادا ومجاهدة فذاَ مجاهد‬
َ َ ُ ‫َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َّ ُ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ْ َا ْل َّظ ْر ُف م ْْ ُه‬
‫مجاهد‬ ‫اْلمر مْه جاهد والْ ِه عْه التجاهد‬
* In ‫ املایض اجملهول‬when the ‫ ألف‬occurs after ‫ مضة‬that ‫ ألف‬changes into ‫وأو‬.

Tip: The constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 Form III – ‫اعلَة‬
َ ‫ابب م َف‬
Complete Paradigm:
Key Facts:
َ ‫ )ابب م َف‬is the ( ‫ )ألف زائدة‬after the ( ‫ )ف اللكمة‬in the
• The sign of ( ‫اعلَة‬

َ ) without a (‫ )أ‬preceding it.

(‫ )املایض‬and (‫أمر حاضر‬
• In (‫ )مضارع‬the (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬of this (‫ )ابب‬is also always (‫)مرفوع‬,
( ‫ )ف اللكمة‬is always (‫ )مفتوح‬and ( ‫ )ع اللكمة‬is always (‫ )مكسور‬.
• This Form has two (‫)مصدر‬.

‫امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬:

They are made from (‫ )مضارع‬by replacing (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬with (‫)مرفوع م‬
and putting (‫ )تنوين‬at the end. The ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس الفاعل‬will be (‫)مكسور‬
and ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس املفعول‬will be (‫)مفتوح‬
 Form III – ‫اعلَة‬
َ ‫ابب م َف‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫ب‬َ ‫َح َار‬ ‫قِتَاال‬

‫َم َسلَ َمة‬ ‫ع ْوقِْب ت ْم‬
‫اعف‬ ِ‫ك‬
َ‫ض‬ َ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬َ ‫ذ‬
Other words in this form
 Form IV – ‫ابب اِفْ َعال‬
In From IV there is an extra *‫ مهزه‬in the‫مایض‬, ‫ َأمر‬and ‫ مصدر‬as well as the ‫مضة‬ on the ‫مضارع‬.
This Form is classified as a ‫ مهزه‬Form and a ‫ مضة‬Form.
Form IV is made by adding a ‫ مهزه‬before the ‫ ف اللكمة‬and by putting a ‫ سكون‬over the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of the
basic verb: ‫فَ َع َل‬ ➙ ‫َأفْ َع َل‬
ْ ُ َ ُ َ ً َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ
‫أسلم يسلم إسَما فهو مسلم‬
َ ْ ُ َ ََ ً َ ْ َُ ْ ُ َ ْ
‫أسلم يسلم إسَما فذاَ مسلم‬
َ ْ ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ َّ ْ َ ْ ْ ُ ‫َا ْ َْل ْم ُر م ْْ ُه َ ْ ْ َو َّالْ ُه َع ْْ ُه‬
‫أسلم ِ التسلم الظرف مْه مسلم‬
* This is ‫ مهزه القطع‬which is a hamzah that is not omitted in pronunciation when prefixed by any letter

Tip: The constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 Form IV – ‫ابب اِفْ َعال‬
Complete Paradigm:
Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب اِفْ َعال‬is the ( ‫ )مهزه القطع‬before the ( ‫ )ف اللكمة‬in the (‫)املایض‬
and (‫ ) َأمر حاضر‬without a (‫ )أ‬preceding it.
• In (‫ )مضارع‬the (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬of this (‫ )ابب‬is also always (‫)مرفوع‬, ( ‫ )ف اللكمة‬is
always (‫ )جمزوم‬and ( ‫ )ع اللكمة‬is always (‫ )مكسور‬.

Special case of ‫ أ َمر حاَض‬:

The (‫ )مهزه‬of From IV is not wasli, its an actual one. Logically, the (‫ )مضارع‬should
have been (‫)يُأَ ْك ِر ُم‬. In which case the (‫ )واحد متلكم‬would have to be (‫ ) ُأ َأ ْك ِر ُم‬. With two (‫)أ‬
at the beginning, one of the (‫ )أ‬has been deleted and to keep harmony, (‫ )أ‬has
been removed from all ‫ صيغة‬of (‫)مضارع‬.
Hence, the (‫ )أ‬of (‫ )أ َمر حاَض‬is real because it is created from (‫)ت رأَ ْك ِر ُم‬

‫امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬:

Similar to Form II and Form III
 Form IV – ‫ابب اِفْ َعال‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫امل ُ َجاد َ َُل‬ ‫ُمْرِج‬

‫أَبْ ِشرْوا‬ ‫ص ًادا‬
َ ْ‫إ‬
‫ر‬ ِ
‫تَ ْق ِديْ ًرا‬ ‫ن بَ ِشر‬
Other words in this form
 Form II, III & IV – Some Commonalities
In ‫مضارع‬:
All three Forms have ‫ مضة‬on the ‫ عالمة املضارع‬and a ‫ كرسة‬on ‫ ع اللكمة‬.
Form II and III have ‫ فتح‬over the ‫ ف اللكمة‬e.g. ‫ي ر َف ِع ُل‬ ‫ي ر َفا ِع ُل‬
Form IV has ‫ سكون‬over the ‫ ف اللكمة‬e.g. ‫ي ر ْف ِع ُل‬
Forms II, III and IV are the only Forms that have ‫ مضة‬on the ‫عالمة املضارع‬
Common Meaning Patterns:
Forms II and IV can have the meaning of carrying out an action to someone/something else
(making a verb transitive or causative):
‫( يَ ْدرس‬basic verb – to study)
‫( ي َد ِرس‬Form II verb – to teach)
‫(يَ ْسخن‬basic verb – to become hot)
‫(ي َس ِخن‬From II verb – to heat “make something hot”)
‫( ََيْرج‬basic verb – to go out)
‫( َيْرِج‬Form IV verb – to remove eject “to take something out”)
 Form II, III & IV – Some Commonalities
Common Meaning Patterns:
• Sometimes a root can be put into Forms II and IV with the same, or almost the same,
meaning. There are subtle differences:
‫( يَ ْعلَم‬basic verb – to know)
‫( ي َعلِم‬Form II verb – to instruct)
‫( ي ْعلِم‬From IV verb – to inform)

• From II can also give verb the meaning of doing something intensively and/or repeatedly:
‫( يَ ْقتل‬basic verb – to kill)
‫( ي َقتِل‬From II verb – to massacre)
‫( يَ ْك َسر‬basic verb – to break)
‫( ي َك ِسر‬Form II verb – to smash up)
 Form II, III & IV – Some Commonalities
Common Meaning Patterns:
• Form III often carries the meaning of “doing something with someone else”:
‫( ََْيلِس‬basic verb – to sit)
‫( َيَالِس‬From III verb – to sit with “someone”)
‫(يَ ْع َمل‬basic verb – to do)
‫( ي َع ِامل‬Form III verb – to treat/deal with “someone”)

• Form III can also carry the meaning of “ trying to do something”:

‫( يَ ْقتل‬basic verb – to kill)
‫( ي َقاتِل‬From III verb – to battle (“to try to kill”)
‫( يَ ْسبِق‬basic verb – to precede)
‫( يسابِق‬Form III verb – to race ( “to try to come before”)
 Form V – ‫ابب تَ َف ُّعل‬
In Form V there is an extra ‫ ت‬before ‫ ف اللكمة‬and a ‫ شدَّة‬on the ‫ ع اللكمة‬.There is ‫فتح‬ across
both ‫ مایض‬and ‫مضارع‬. This Form is classified as a ‫ ت‬Form , a ‫ شدَّة‬Form and a ‫ فتح‬Form.
Form V is made by adding ‫ ت‬on the front of the From II pattern: ‫فَ َّع َل‬ ➙ ‫تَ َف َّع َل‬
ِّ َ َ ُ َ ُ َ ً ‫َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َّ ُ َ َ ق‬
‫تفرق يتفرق تفرًا فهو متفرق‬
ََّ َ ُ َ َ َ ً ‫ُ ُ ِّ َ ُ َ َ َّ ُ َ َ ق‬
‫تفرق يتفرق تفرًا فذاَ متفرق‬
َّ َ َ ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ َّ ْ َ ْ َّ َ َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َّ َ ْ َّ َ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ
‫اْلمر مْه تفرق والْ ِه عْه التتفرق الظرف مْهمتفرق‬

Tip: Each Form has elements that always remain the same regardless of the root letters within. The
constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 Form V – ‫ابب تَ َف ُّعل‬
Complete Paradigm:

Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب تَ َف ُّعل‬is the ta before the (‫ )ف اللكمة‬and tashdid
on the ( ‫ )ع اللكمة‬in the (‫)املایض‬.
• In (‫ )مضارع‬the (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬of this (‫ )ابب‬along with the ( ‫)ف اللكمة‬
and ( ‫ )ع اللكمة‬are always (‫ )مفتوح‬.

‫امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬:

They are made from (‫ )مضارع‬by replacing (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬with (‫)مرفوع م‬
and putting (‫ )تنوين‬at the end. The ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس الفاعل‬will be (‫)مكسور‬
and ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس املفعول‬will be (‫)مفتوح‬
 Form V – ‫ابب تَ َف ُّعل‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫ي َقلِب‬ ‫ي تَ َقبَل‬
‫َكِ ّْب‬ ‫متَ َكِّب‬
ِ ِ‫احل‬
‫ساب‬ ِ ‫مه‬
‫اجر‬ َ
Other words in this form
 Form VI – ‫ابب تَ َفاعل‬
In From VI there is an extra ‫ ت‬before ‫ف اللكمة‬, an extra ‫ ألف‬after the ‫ ف اللكمة‬as well as ‫فتح‬
across both ‫ مایض‬and ‫مضارع‬. This Form is classified as a ‫ ت‬Form, a ‫ ألف‬Form and a ‫ فتح‬Form.
Form VI is made by adding ‫ ت‬on the front of the From III pattern: ‫فَاعَ َل‬ ➙ ‫تَ َفاعَ َل‬
َ َُ َ َُ ًُ ََ ُ َ َََ َ َ ََ
‫تعاون يتعاون تعاونا فهو متعا ِون‬
َ َ َُ َ ََ ًُ ََ ُ َ ََُ َ ْ ُُ
‫تعو ِون يتعاون تعاونا فذاَ متعاون‬
َ َ َ ُ ‫َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ َ َ ْ َو َّالْ ُه َع ْْ ُه َ َ َ َ ْ َا ْل َّظ ْر ُف م ْْ ُه‬
‫متعاون‬ ‫اْلمر مْه تعاون ِ التتعاون‬
* In ‫ املایض اجملهول‬when the ‫ ألف‬occurs after ‫ مضة‬that ‫ ألف‬changes into ‫وأو‬.
Tip: Each Form has elements that always remain the same regardless of the root letters within. The
constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 Form VI – ‫ابب تَ َفاعل‬
Complete Paradigm:

Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب تَ َفاعل‬is ta before the (‫ )ف اللكمة‬and the ( ‫)ألف زائدة‬
after the ( ‫ )ف اللكمة‬in the (‫)املایض‬.
• In (‫ )مضارع‬the (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬of this (‫ )ابب‬along with the ( ‫)ف اللكمة‬
and ( ‫ )ع اللكمة‬are always (‫ )مفتوح‬.

‫امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬:

They are made from (‫ )مضارع‬by replacing (‫ )عالمة املضارع‬with (‫)مرفوع م‬
and putting (‫ )تنوين‬at the end. The ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس الفاعل‬will be
(‫ )مكسور‬and ‫ ع اللكمة‬of (‫ )امس املفعول‬will be (‫)مفتوح‬
 Form VI – ‫ابب تَ َفاعل‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫متَ َف ِرقَة‬ ‫أَنْ َف ْقت ْم‬

‫يَتَ َال َوم ْو َن‬ ‫التَ َكاث ر‬
‫اهد ْوا‬
َ ‫َع‬ ‫ف‬َ ‫أَل‬َ
Other words in this form
 Form V & VI – Rules & Commonalities
In ‫مضارع‬:
Both the Forms have ‫ فتح‬on the ‫ عالمة املضارع‬the extra ‫ ت‬and on ‫ ف اللكمة‬and ‫ ع اللكمة‬.

Rules:
Rule 1: In Forms V and VI when two ‫ ت‬are adjacent to one another in ‫مضارع‬, it is
permissible to delete one, e.g
‫تَتَ َقبَل‬ ‫تَ َقبَل‬
‫اهرْو َن‬
َ َ‫تَتَظ‬ ‫اهرْو َن‬
َ َ‫تَظ‬
Rule 2: If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of Forms V and VI is ‫ت‬, ‫ث‬, ‫ج‬, ‫د‬, ‫ذ‬, ‫ز‬, ‫س‬, ‫ش‬, ‫ص‬, ‫ض‬, ‫ط‬, or ‫ظ‬, it is
permissible to change the ‫ ت‬into ‫ ف اللكمة‬and apply the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬. In this case
‫ماضي‬and ‫ أمر‬require a ‫ مهزة الوصل‬at the beginning. The ‫ ابب ِأف َّ ُّع رل‬and ‫ ابب ِأفَّاعُ رل‬have been
created due to this rule. e.g
‫تَطَ َهَر‬ ‫ططَ َهَر‬ ‫أِطَ َهَر‬
‫تَثَاقَ َل‬ ‫ثثَاقَ َل‬ ‫أِ ََّثقَ َل‬
 Form V & VI – Rules & Commonalities
Common Meaning Patterns:
• Form V can be connected to Form II in meaning as well as structure. Form V is often
reflexive of From II. In other words, it has the meaning of performing action on yourself.
‫( ي َذكِر‬Form II verb – to remind)
‫( يَتَ َذ َكر‬From V verb – to remember [remind yourself])

• This can mean that some of Form V verbs are very close in meaning to their original basic
verb and can even sometimes be alternatives with almost same meaning.
‫( يَ ْعلَم‬basic verb – to know)
‫( ي َعلِم‬Form II verb – to instruct)
‫( يَتَ َعلَم‬From V verb – to learn)
 Form V & VI – Rules & Commonalities
Common Meaning Patterns:
• Form VI is likewise connected to Form III in meaning as well as structure. Form VI is often
reflexive of From III, producing the meaning of doing something together as a group.
‫( ي َعا ِون‬Form III verb – to help)
‫( يَتَ َع َاون‬From VI verb – to cooperate [“to help each other”])
‫( َيَ ِادث‬Form III verb – to talk to someone)
‫( يَتَ َح َادث‬From VI verb – to converse [“to talk to each other”])

• Some Form VI verbs are connected with a state, where in English we might use an
adjective (“to be lazy,” “to be annoyed,” etc.). Many Form V and VI verbs that have no
particular logic
‫كاسل‬
َ َ‫( يَت‬to be lazy)
‫ضايَق‬
َ َ‫( يَت‬to be annoyed)
‫( يَتَ َوقَف‬to stop)
‫صَرف‬َ َ‫( يَت‬to behave)
 Form VII – ‫ابب اِنِْف َعال‬
In Form VII there is an extra ‫ ن‬in all the forms and a ‫ )أ( مهزة الوصل‬at the start in ‫ مایض‬, ‫ مصدر‬and
‫أمر‬. This Form is classified as a ‫ ِأن‬Form , a ‫ مهزة الوصل‬Form.
Form VII is made by adding ‫ ِأن‬in front of the basic root letters: ‫فَ َع َل‬ ➙ ‫ِأن َ َف َع َل‬
َُْ َ َُ ً َ ْ ُ ََْ َ ََْ
‫انقلب يْقلب انقَبا فهو مْقلب‬
َ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ َّ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َّ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ ْ َ
‫اْلم ُر مْهانقلب والْ ِ ُه عْه التْقلب الظرف مْه مْقلب‬

*This Form does not have ‫ اجملهول‬state. This is because it is always ‫ الزم‬.

Tip: Each Form has elements that always remain the same regardless of the root letters within. The
constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 ‫ابب اِنْ ِف َعال – ‪Form VII‬‬
‫‪Complete Paradigm:‬‬

‫‪Key Facts:‬‬
‫‪) and‬ف اللكمة( ‪ before the‬ن ‪) is the‬ابب اِنْ ِف َعال ( ‪• The sign of‬‬ ‫مهزة‬
‫)أ( الوصل‬ ‫‪) state .‬أمر( ‪),‬مصدر( ‪),‬املایض( ‪in the‬‬
‫)ف اللكمة ( ‪) along with the‬ابب( ‪) of this‬عالمة املضارع( ‪) the‬مضارع( ‪• In‬‬
‫‪) .‬مكسور( ‪) is always‬ع اللكمة ( ‪) and‬مفتوح( ‪are always‬‬

‫‪:‬امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬

‫)مرفوع م( ‪) with‬عالمة املضارع( ‪) by replacing‬مضارع( ‪They are made from‬‬
‫)مكسور( ‪) will be‬امس الفاعل( ‪ of‬ع اللكمة ‪) at the end. The‬تنوين( ‪and putting‬‬
‫‪and‬‬ ‫)مفتوح( ‪) will be‬امس املفعول( ‪of‬ع اللكمة‬
 Form VII – ‫ابب اِنِْف َعال‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫مْن َه ِمر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ ِْ ‫ا‬

‫ن‬
ْ َََ
‫يَتَ َخافَت ْو َن‬ ‫متََِّب َجات‬
‫اِنْ َسلَ َخ‬ ‫مْن َقلَب‬
Other words in this form
 Form VIII – ‫ابب اِفْتِ َعال‬
In Form VIII there is an extra ‫ ت‬after the (‫ )ف اللكمة‬in all the forms and a ‫ )أ( مهزة الوصل‬at the
start in ‫ مایض‬, ‫ مصدر‬and ‫أمر‬. This Form is classified as a ‫ ِأت‬Form , a ‫ مهزة الوصل‬Form.
َ ‫ِأفْتَ َع َل ➙ فَ َع‬
Form VIII is made by adding ‫ ِأ‬in front of ‫ ف اللكمة‬and ‫ ت‬after it: ‫ل‬

َ ْ ُ َ َُ ً َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ََْ
‫اًت َب يق ِت َب اًتابا فهو مق ِت َب‬
ََ ْ ُ َ ُ َ ً َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُ ْ
‫اً ِت َب يقت َب اًتابا فهو مقت َب‬
َ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ َّ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َّ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ ْ َ
‫اْلم ُر مْه اً ِت َب والْ ِه عْه التق ِت َب الظرف مْه مقت َب‬
* Do not confuse this Form with ‫ ِأن‬Form. Though both rhyme, Form VII is distinguished by
‫ ن‬immediately following the ‫ ِأ‬. Whereas Form VIII is distinguished by ‫ ت‬after the ‫ف اللكمة‬
Tip: Each Form has elements that always remain the same regardless of the root letters within. The
constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 ‫ابب اِفْتِ َعال – ‪Form VIII‬‬
‫‪Complete Paradigm:‬‬

‫‪Key Facts:‬‬
‫مهزة الوصل ‪) and‬ف اللكمة( ‪ after the‬ت ‪) is the‬ابب اِفْتِ َعال ( ‪• The sign of‬‬
‫)أ(‬ ‫‪) state .‬أمر( ‪),‬مصدر( ‪),‬املایض( ‪in the‬‬
‫)ت( ‪) along with the extra‬ابب( ‪) of this‬عالمة املضارع( ‪) the‬مضارع( ‪• In‬‬
‫‪) .‬مكسور( ‪) is always‬ع اللكمة ( ‪) and‬جمزوم( ‪) is‬ف اللكمة( ‪),‬مفتوح( ‪are always‬‬

‫‪:‬امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬

‫)مرفوع م( ‪) with‬عالمة املضارع( ‪) by replacing‬مضارع( ‪They are made from‬‬
‫‪) will be‬امس الفاعل( ‪ of‬ع اللكمة ‪) at the end. The‬تنوين( ‪and putting‬‬
‫‪) and‬مكسور(‬ ‫)مفتوح( ‪) will be‬امس املفعول( ‪of‬ع اللكمة‬
 Form VIII – ‫ابب اِفْتِ َعال‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫صَر‬
ََ ‫ت‬ ِْ ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ ‫اِنْتِ َقام‬
‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ف‬ ِْ ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ ‫منَافِق ْو َن‬
ْ ََ َ
‫م ْشتَبِ ًها‬ ‫مثْ َقلَة‬
Other words in this form
 Rules for Form VIII
Rules:
Rule 1:
• If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of Form VIII is ‫د‬, ‫ذ‬, or ‫ز‬, the ‫ ت‬is changed into ‫د‬. If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬is a ‫ د‬then ‫ِأدغام‬
(assimilation) is compulsory.
If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬is a ‫ ذ‬then after changing the ‫ ت‬into ‫د‬, the following three changes are permissible:
1. َ َ‫ أِ ْذت‬changes to‫أِ َد َكر‬
The ‫ ذ‬is changed to ‫ د‬and the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬is applied, e.g. ‫كر‬
َ َِ
2. Sometimes ‫ د‬is changed to ‫ ذ‬and then the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬is applied, e.g. ‫كر‬ََ َ‫ أ ْذت‬changes to‫أِذَ َكَر‬
3. ََ ‫أِ ْذ َد‬
Sometimes the verb is left as it is without applying the rule ‫ ِأدغام‬of e.g. ‫كر‬

• If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of Form VIII is ‫ز‬, then after changing the ‫ ت‬into ‫د‬, the following two changes are
permissible:
1. The verb is left as it is without applying the rule ‫ ِأدغام‬of e.g. ‫جر‬‫د‬‫ز‬ ِ‫أ‬
ََ ْ َ
Sometimes ‫ د‬is changed to ‫ ز‬and then the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬is applied, e.g. ‫ أِْزََتَر‬changes to‫جر‬
َ ‫ز‬
َ ِ‫أ‬
2.
َ َ
 Rules for Form VIII
Rule 2:
• If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of Form VIII is ‫ص‬, ‫ض‬, ‫ط‬, or ‫ظ‬, the ‫ ت‬is changed into ‫ط‬. If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬is a ‫ ط‬then
‫( ِأدغام‬assimilation) is compulsory. e.g. ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬
َ ‫ت‬ْ‫ط‬ِ‫ أ‬changes to ‫أِطَلَب‬
َ َ َ
If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬is a ‫ ظ‬then after changing the ‫ ت‬into ‫ط‬, the following three changes are permissible:
1. The ‫ ظ‬is changed to ‫ ط‬and the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬is applied, e.g. ‫ أِظْتَ لَم‬changes to ‫أِطَلَم‬
َ َ
2. The ‫ ط‬is changed to ‫ ظ‬and then the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬is applied, e.g. ‫ أظْتَ لَم‬changes to ‫أِظَلَم‬
ِ
َ َ
3. Sometimes the verb is left as it is without applying the rule ‫ ِأدغام‬of e.g. ‫أِظْطَلَم‬
َ
• If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of Form VIII is ‫ص‬, ‫ض‬, then after changing the ‫ ت‬into ‫ط‬, the following two
changes are permissible:
1. The verb is left as it is without applying the rule ‫ ِأدغام‬of e.g. ‫صطََّب‬ ِ‫ أ‬and ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ط‬
َ ‫ض‬ِ‫أ‬
َ ْ ََ ْ
2. Sometimes ‫ ط‬is changed to ‫ص‬, ‫ ض‬and then the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬is applied,
e.g. ‫ّب‬‫ت‬‫ص‬ ِ‫ أ‬changes to ‫صّب‬َ ِ‫ أ‬and ‫ أِضَتب‬changes to ‫ضرب‬َ ِ‫أ‬
َ
ََ ْ َ َ ََ ْ ََ
 Rules for Form VIII
Rule 3:
• If the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of Form VIII is ‫ ث‬the ‫ ت‬is changed into ‫ ث‬and the rule of ‫ ِأدغام‬is applied. e.g. ‫أِثْتَاََر‬
changes to ‫أِ ََّثَر‬
َ
Rule 4:
• If the ‫ ع اللكمة‬of Form VIII is ‫ت‬, ‫ث‬, ‫ج‬, ‫د‬, ‫ذ‬, ‫ز‬, ‫س‬, ‫ش‬, ‫ص‬, ‫ض‬, ‫ط‬, or ‫ظ‬, then after changing the ‫ ت‬to the
same letter as the ‫ ع اللكمة‬, the ‫ حركة‬of ‫ ت‬is transferred to the preceding letter and the rule of
‫ ِأدغام‬is applied. The ‫ مهزة الوصل‬is deleted. e.g. ‫ص َم‬ ‫ت‬‫خ‬ ِ‫ أ‬changes to ‫صم‬ َ ‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬‫ت‬‫ه‬ ِ‫ أ‬changes to ‫هدَي‬
َ َْ َ َ and ََْ َ
• The ‫ مضارع‬of these verbs ‫صم‬ َ ‫خ‬ ‫َي‬
‫د‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م‬ ِ َ‫ ََي‬and ‫ي ه ِدي‬
‫ص‬
َ َ and َ will be ْ ََ
• It is permissible to have a ‫ كرسة‬on the ‫ ف اللكمة‬e.g. ‫صم‬ ِ ‫صم ََِي‬َ ِ and ‫ ِهدَي ي ِه ِدي‬. The words ‫صمو َن‬
‫خ‬ ِ ‫ََِي‬
َ ْ َ ْ
and ‫ي‬‫د‬ِ ‫ ي ِه‬which appear in Quran are from this a ‫ابب‬.
ْ َ
• It is permissible to read a ‫ مضة‬on the ‫ ف اللكمة‬of the ‫امس الفاعل‬. Therefore, all three ‫ حركة‬are
permissible e.g., ‫صم‬ ِ ‫صم ُِم‬
ِ َ‫صم ُم‬ ِ ‫ُم‬
 Form X – ‫ابب اِ ْستِ ْف َعال‬
In Form X there is an extra ‫ ست‬before the (‫ )ف اللكمة‬in all the forms and a ‫ )أ( مهزة الوصل‬at the
start in ‫ مایض‬, ‫ مصدر‬and ‫أمر‬. َ ‫ ِأ‬Form , a ‫ مهزة الوصل‬Form.
This Form is classified as a ‫ست‬
َ ‫ ِأ‬in front of ‫ ف اللكمة‬of the basic form:
Form X is made by adding ‫ست‬ ‫فَ َع َل‬ ➙ ‫ِأ ْس َت ْف َع َل‬
َْ ْ ُ َ َُ ً َ ْ ْ ُ َْ ْ َ ََ َْ ْ
‫استغفر يستغفر استغفارا فهو مستغفر‬
َ َْ ْ ُ َ َُ ً َ ْ ْ َُ َْ ْ ُ َ ُْ ْ
‫استغفر يستغفر استغفارا فهو مستغفر‬
َ ْ َ ْ ُ ‫َ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َّ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َا ْل َّظ ْر ُف م ْْ ُه‬
‫مستغفر‬ ‫اْلمر مْه استغفر والْ ِه عْه التستغفر‬

Tip: Each Form has elements that always remain the same regardless of the root letters within. The
constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 ‫ابب اِ ْستِ ْف َعال – ‪Form X‬‬
‫‪Complete Paradigm:‬‬

‫‪Key Facts:‬‬
‫‪) and‬ف اللكمة( ‪ before the‬ست ‪) is the‬ابب اِ ْستِ ْف َعال ( ‪• The sign of‬‬ ‫مهزة‬
‫)أ( الوصل‬ ‫‪) state .‬أمر( ‪),‬مصدر( ‪),‬املایض( ‪in the‬‬
‫)ت( ‪) along with the extra‬ابب( ‪) of this‬عالمة املضارع( ‪) the‬مضارع( ‪• In‬‬
‫‪) is‬ع اللكمة ( ‪) and‬جمزوم( ‪) is‬ف اللكمة( ‪) and‬س( ‪), extra‬مفتوح( ‪are always‬‬
‫‪) .‬مكسور( ‪always‬‬
‫‪:‬امس الفاعل و امس املفعول‬
‫)مرفوع م( ‪) with‬عالمة املضارع( ‪) by replacing‬مضارع( ‪They are made from‬‬
‫‪) will be‬امس الفاعل( ‪ of‬ع اللكمة ‪) at the end. The‬تنوين( ‪and putting‬‬
‫‪) and‬مكسور(‬ ‫)مفتوح( ‪) will be‬امس املفعول( ‪of‬ع اللكمة‬
 Form X – ‫ابب اِ ْستِ ْف َعال‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫اه َم‬
َ ‫َس‬ ‫اِ ْستَ ْفتَح ْوا‬
‫اان‬
ً َ ْ‫إ‬
‫س‬ ‫ح‬ ِ ‫يَ ْستَ ِمع ْو َن‬
‫اِ ْستِ ْكبَ ًارا‬ ‫م ْس َودا‬
Other words in this form
 Form VII, VIII & X Commonalities
In ‫مضارع‬:
All three Forms have ‫ فتح‬as the first two vowels and ‫ كرسة‬as the third.
‫( يَْن َفعِل‬Form VII)
‫( يَ ْفتَعِل‬From VIII)
‫( يَ ْستَ ْفعِل‬From X)
Other Characteristics
• The ‫ كرسة‬that begins the past tense of all these three Forms will not be
pronounced (elide) if the word before ends with a vowel. This is because the
‫ كرسة‬is carried by a ‫مهزة الوصل‬
e.g. ‫ِأنْ َقلَ َب َم ْر َك َب ُه‬ ‫ُ َُّث أنْ َقلَ َب َم ْر َك َب ُه‬
• Form VII is almost never formed with verbs whose first root letter is ‫ء‬, ‫و‬, ‫ي‬, ‫ن‬,
‫ ل‬or ‫ر‬. The combination of sounds would be unnatural in Arabic
 Form VII, VIII & X Commonalities
Common Meaning Patterns:
• Form VII is relatively uncommon and usually has a passive meaning:
‫( يَ ْقلِب‬Basic verb – to overturn) ‫) يَْن َقلِب‬Form VII – to be overturned)
‫( يَ ْك َسر‬Basic verb – to break) ‫) يَْن َك ِسر‬Form VII – to be overturned)

• Form VIII is a common form and is usually intransitive, but there is no consistent meaning
pattern connected with it. These verbs are often close to the basic root meaning.
‫( ََْيمع‬Basic verb – to gather)
َ ‫) ََْيتَ ِمع‬Form VIII – to assemble)
‫( يَ ْقرب‬Basic verb – to be near) ‫) يَ ْق ََِتب‬Form VIII – to approach/advance)
‫( يَْنشر‬Basic verb – to be publish) ‫) يَْن تَ ِشر‬Form VIII – to become widespread)
• Form X often has the meaning of asking for something:
‫( ََيْ َذن‬Basic verb – to permit) ‫) يَستَأْ ِذن‬Form X – to ask for permission)
ْ
‫يَ ْعلَم‬ (Basic verb – to know) ‫) يَ ْستَ ْعلِم‬Form X – to inquire[ask for knowledge])
• Form X also mean to “consider or find something:
‫( ََْيسن‬Basic verb – to be beautiful) ‫) يَستَ ْح ِسن‬Form X – to admire[consider beautiful])
ْ
 Form IX – ‫ابب اِفْعِ َالل‬
In Form IX there is a ‫ شدَّة‬on the ‫ ل اللكمة‬and a ‫ )أ( مهزة الوصل‬at the start in ‫ مایض‬, ‫ مصدر‬and ‫أمر‬. This
Form is classified as a ‫ مهزة الوصل‬Form. This form is only used for colors (meaning to turn x color).
Form IX is made by adding ‫ ِأ‬in front of ‫ ف اللكمة‬and a ‫ شدَّة‬on the ‫ ل اللكمة‬of the basic form: ‫فَ َع َل‬ ➙ ‫ِأفْ َع َّل‬
َ ْ ُ َ ُ َ ً َ ْ ‫ْ َ َّ َ ْ َ ق‬
‫احمر يحمر احمرارا فهو محمر‬
َ ِّ َ ْ َ َّ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َّ َ ْ َ ْ ِّ َ ْ َّ َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ ْ َ
ْ‫الت ْح َمرر‬
ِ ‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ‫الت‬ ‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫ح‬ ‫الت‬ ‫ه عْه‬ ِ ْ‫اْلم ُر مْه احمر احمر احمرر وال‬
ِ
َ ْ ُ
‫َا ْل َّظ ْر ُف م ْْ ُه محمر‬
*This Form does not have ‫ اجملهول‬state. This is because it is always ‫ الزم‬. There are three versions
َ َْ َّ
of ‫ اْل ْمر‬and ‫ه‬
ِ . They are all interchangeable. In this Form ‫ امس فاعل‬and ‫ ظرف‬are identical
ْ‫ال‬

Tip: Each Form has elements that always remain the same regardless of the root letters within. The
constants are highlighted in gray in the chart above. This should help identify the root letters.
 Form IX – ‫ابب اِفْعِ َالل‬
Complete Paradigm:

Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب اِفْعِ َالل‬is the ‫ شدَّة‬on the (‫ )ل اللكمة‬and four
letters ‫ )أ( مهزة الوصل‬in the (‫ )املایض‬state .

Other words in this form

 Form IX – ‫ابب اِفْعِ َالل‬
Practice Table: Determine the ‫ صيغة‬of the following words.
Also identify the ‫ حروف اصیل‬in each word.

‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word ‫حروف اصیل‬ ‫صيغة\ابب‬ Word

‫تَيَ َمم ْوا‬ ‫ضَرة‬

َ ْ‫ُم‬
‫م ْش ِرَكات‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ض‬
َ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ِ‫ا‬
ْ َْ
‫ت‬
ْ َ‫تَ َش َاب‬ ‫ت‬
ْ َ‫َس َول‬
 ِ ِ
‫ابب افْعْي َالل‬
Complete Paradigm:

Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب اِفْعِْي َالل‬is the repetition of the (‫ )ل اللكمة‬and the
appearance of an extra ‫ ألف‬before the first ‫ ل‬in the (‫)املایض‬
state . The ‫ ألف‬changes to ‫ ي‬in the ‫مصدر‬
• The ‫ ِأدغام‬in this ‫ ابب‬is similar to ‫ ِأدغام‬of ‫ابب اِفْعِ َالل‬. The verbs
of ‫ ابب اِفْعِ َالل‬and ‫ ابب اِفْعِْي َالل‬mostly have meanings of colors
and defects and they are ‫الزم‬
Other words in this form
 ِ ِ
‫ابب افْعْي َعال‬
Complete Paradigm:

Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب اِفْعِْي َعال‬is the repetition of the (‫ )ع اللكمة‬and the
appearance of an extra ‫ واو‬between the two ‫ ع‬in the (‫)املایض‬
and (‫ )مضارع‬state . The ‫ و‬changes to ‫ ي‬in the ‫ مصدر‬due to
preceding ‫كرسة‬
• This ‫ ابب‬is mostly ‫الزم‬

Other words in this form

 ِ ِ
‫ابب افْع َوال‬
Complete Paradigm:

Key Facts:
• The sign of ( ‫ )ابب اِفْعِ َوال‬is the appearance of an
extra ‫ و‬after the (‫ )ع اللكمة‬in the (‫ )املایض‬and (‫)مضارع‬
state .
 ‫ثالثي مزيد فيه ابواب – ‪Summary of‬‬
‫ابب تَ ْفعِْيل – ‪Form II‬‬ ‫ابب تَ َف ُّعل – ‪Form V‬‬

‫اعلَة – ‪Form III‬‬

‫ابب م َف َ‬ ‫ابب تَ َفاعل – ‪Form VI‬‬

‫ابب اِفْ َعال – ‪Form IV‬‬ ‫ابب اِنْ ِف َعال – ‪Form VII‬‬
 ‫ثالثي مزيد فيه ابواب – ‪Summary of‬‬
‫ابب اِفْتِ َعال – ‪Form VIII‬‬ ‫ببٌاِفْ ِع ْي َعالٌ‬

‫ابب اِفْعِ َالل – ‪Form IX‬‬ ‫ببٌاِفْ ِع ْي َاللٌ‬

‫ابب اِ ْستِ ْف َعال – ‪Form X‬‬ ‫ببٌاِفْ ِع َّوالٌ‬

 Tips for Recognizing – ‫ثالثي مزيد فيه ابواب‬

the ‫ع اللكمة‬
the ‫ع اللكمة‬

DISTINCT FORM
Form the word is coming from.

Form

Form

Form IV
Form III

Form II
Form V
Form VI

Form
Tips for Recognizing – ‫ثالثي مزيد فيه ابواب‬

Form II, III OR IV

Form II
Form III
Form IV

Form VOR VI
Form V
Form VI
 Tips for Recognizing – ‫ثالثي مزيد فيه ابواب‬

VIII Form VIII

Form IX