neral Phys: re Measanieg Lyf muss, time, Volane, ond abr Measur A Mee voc Vi measupry bye / Vernier rater VA ‘anscnlov Fr any God, d hugh of sm» gh cao, 4h foe, Wpdglle of ee F Cacti Box Measuned tps mnelor perder gooey ben Sale Cin measyre pt bpe em ev A mm se reed» Dike 1, 3m ev 13 mm ev 0-018 -m or 4.00m W~ 4Omm wr 0.040m How com ue mse an oxdivary scale te measwe Wry Sinall Ae “9 Bhan g A paper in a er bob, Same, of tae ne a ve ; aaa Z yma Cte. ‘ha Lf ] Tele | beep « a ae Dame i Kind ae wwloyniev Calipers : Vernier caben ated’ te measure terol Lory tlh woth mmr ap he fm alot ap : i Wise re & Meine VS soll x leasteand” Er eee aby + VS vey we rit 34 + 5 x ol a % 5 te 345m erm 3 45cm, [. OF Slee Simm, Vertty sabe Off eet Spagetti EEE O Vernier calls Con meakur opt Ef mm: @) Gan menue inital oswell as extrrnel| dratasind. QD Gn meawer deh or ch Noles tne peck fer ae iad seyeng Ae.asada Ue 2 apcaaee e.g. | diamela f single anve , fRithness d Pd Sal | hen tions if Abaco um ia ake Mivoméler Con mensme pic tat ammo {tof cm Sa hed Least coum af micromedle in 0-0] mm ac | O.OO| cm. Note. aye cheth for Zen eM, Main scaly veadiy = +S 6 4 + Es Crk ceake S 2 42 sie sla | Aenst | cand 2 0-01 F Fall verdyp = MS + CS x LC. Maio seok eae Ui as + $2 x010) Crab sale = 344 mmmbiad i qa of, Sat! vere dl " naceurade, Lore | af fe gigt payee Ke We. JA yicallnk e wid Gt Whe. vb MoMeascwy amnass Electronic balence B mM Palen S b 2 em By Aaya aii aie r| [7 Ligh ‘y LA Sess et 3 Ua sen anaes ‘i Lbs) fe Note 4- To meakua df Aswad or am ite fadt “at ; 2. Ave Ut, iad th I balen CL, a LY Mal { Fai Rot co id all Leuid yf fhe _-m af. ty Gil Noa. te i TH dom Uwe, Seb prt pase mn (fn xz] Land ) es ™é fg ™M,— 7, m™, m2Measins lieder syed ts measme. vole + Lewd * four baud iw nigakG eA coflindsr we Make sure mepeacing lindir aot ve tall fat fe Tt prey verfiul Y J Pee ee Phot te Mind ymeniscas- ae i tf i Convex men/scus: Cntave meniscusMercury dinsly of SL Op : 3 area fr em? E — a a [741.3 180-74 || 399.44 || oly Some amnpul op webay an uned FRrmgh, cut the papal Some rock tn used vm & ond 4 & phe in Re shen oud Forvalens Sane needed ie wale 34-6 9 hah yocks_| 11-15 4 the J ae coe Yolung thee Z Lk, can “Mele Jf Sty aye AS on + Dns Ape walt. 0.4414 fem, 8 Dora 4 Denes Ie ing 9.04 9 fom Fart tt cml wifll caren os Jen i Kolin” Deny folie in 40 §om* or (00089 fon* PeER RESKnead Shady mation. object uiuch is wll cheng ta Lonel atin wth raped bch sno Tp clag f dolore is cbt speck Speed + Che fare Vid Ac ay + Ss een. +, Fre a m/s. Bits — Kin Jb edn amillh ane algo used. Bate mf ae od (Om z 36 kab ee 36ow Qushen :- A | car forth NS km in| 2-Q mbnude Caleulehe fv | Cov ky feed in| m/s. d= (500m | te 180s Ve 15D. = (a. om /s ii) in ‘fn /h lax 26 L 4Ka/y delSkm t-Bath so MeL = 45tw/ a gee Zh AL din dle dom | tb ddim Wee = 3 = FHO m/minTy eed Arex. eed ointained Ler fase jerrnu, Vi, = Lata ditonce K Tae re tude eile crs ir Spead odo. pechicaler, instr is olla estonbnc erowple Taihial speeds. Spare) ab fe bepiniy of observed, path —f jaurrey. Fin diel fee ole The all'd soel : Costu of uni Te om obeel trerehe equal distomees in’ sual intervals of shove Han the objet is frasplly wnt van-facin speed Variable as ect trorels omega Ainkincarin onul incl of. fre thin fa un ma cath | jun onto - al Ihwee cars mre on shay goad aus al_fk ae. pont Dolances ave wcorded fl J tr f fe fe raped. inteviro : Gv i Card . ar Se i/ 4: a 3 : ie i eRe PFE aaa ae kale AON te fz Fea |e | SA HO | iS | 19 [do | Jas Meter G radiend Boel hi aa Salto [ri [13 | [ao las aa & alu peed: Sal (0 [13 [16 [17 Jaa far] & if gpcdink uae fgeed saan ce eeeAcreleration Accelewtm ora f chonf # mv Atcebrahia 2 ge eed fel . fo VT oat Sime Homi dhe Wt graph 6 off a choisht bra, i need th (tate pe ieee Ant ph ptt Lid yy old - Dh on K-Mis 8 = G= fresne- ale tate ms éodayjelous a Cured _geaphy ae Arer_under He priyoh Tis mens arer. ical and y-amtte- soph: 1G Rectangle = hate ye_hepsh ‘Teongle = ax bare x egit Tere = Ln pore hail ied ey aia oy 4) yl wR K-GpisPresenter _vt_gaaphs ee dixtone aaa Wt callubale Ouveen under. gee Arec under toes Oe en eee Xaakis: tt opalAtv vec ghee tin rrp crn stn ja in F611 samt aaah twain th am mete han - fim ci din oki be a = eee cee peed 9 a LB a — 0" “STL, Pare : Lee (0 be esto cr bt = 2644-408 Ah. 58 31 a () cote ctw Ban 5 ay ( [Fete dears tela teartom =) ein 2 (0) owe eae al dnc ch ee a dos ~ Fou a Speman Hanke eniianh : piconet ont Lr acts ata (0 ong wn conan sete, bra eae (our wn snag sine, lng a (6) ses anda a gut enter ty ng tp obs say. pola. sth ee o4 7: pltors Dx 2494 6 a it | (604 i 62 tes Ont ay on et uray. The tae fl a eed wd ee fades om | deve. r6y Oa he > cea gaae 56. mf ia Ve atew a(a) Define acceleration. labo chaps of besa coon fit (b) Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time axes for the graph of the motion of a car. Choge in Velasty| IS time/s Ble hs $6 Fig. 1.1 a @ 7 (carstarts from rest. From time = 0 to time = 15s, the car has a constant acceleration to a speed of 28m/s. From time = 15s to time = 32s, the car has a constant speed of 28m/s. From time = 32s, the car has a constant deceleration of 2.0 m/s? until it comes(oes) On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph, using the space below for any calculations. 4g de Vek eg t= Vou a = 28. Mes ae (ii) From time = 15s to time = 32, the path of the car is part of a circle. For this motion, state 1. the direction of the resultant force on the car, Loud, Aha. cack. She..cttenla. (frat: 2. what happens to the velocity of the car. L.sve(a) Define acceleration. (b) Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for the journey of a cyclist. 350 distance/m 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 time/s Fig. 1.1 (i) Describe the motion of the cyclist in the time between: 1. time = 0 and time = 15s 2. time = 15s and time = 30s 3. time = 30s and time = 40s. (il) Calculate, for the 40s journey: 1. the average speed average speed = 2. the maximum speed. - 2) maximum speed = (Total: 8](0) Absseabatacantantigee tocpfrashrtneonstentmetelahgher sta ‘ot ig nF. nent ar i uy (©) AM olen stom ote youn facta Fa. 2iemeooued ine gc rte maen ae Me ofthe buen oe . \ Feta (0) tan ace tg 0 () AzNeceae! (emma pee icone chet ast wo oe, (0 te mney usnty a ssn eil eemn oe sete cht deine ten he unt rote ara ag (ere ene “ a7 easton en remove © [e,Ltwornarnwra rast ta tows mara BBS piobat ras Ararat ttonentar Rant iweb e828 Ine pe aw si ase dns atm erent ety ese ‘chicas wean ester tas owns 1 runes = - 6 m7 mover(0) User 1s ostine |_| 6) Semen ase uty ty se gay Seow so que eto oven (Undone ergata ne aon (0) Aosta morngatersaspoo oF 11. aaron impose moat pnt Pent epee 1) ” (© Se csceaon ane (Sem ratnajena Rover on re ae = 808. tren ease convent amore | | | | (6) aut) mong nwt oder te ae The was Ion maser ‘nt nn ton tm ot gam dain eee ncn tet son treater n= comer wm rumen(a) Acceleration is a vector quantity. Underline the two vector quantities in the list below. energy force frequency impulse mass refractive index 1a (b) Acar accelerates uniformly from rest at 2.2m/s? for 3.0s. (i) Calculate the speed of the car at time t= 3.0s. speed = (2) (ii) At time f= 3.0s, it has travelled a distance of 9.9m. Calculate the average speed of the car during the first 3.0 of the journey. speed (ili) On Fig. 1.1, sketch a distance-time graph for the first 3.0's of the journey. 10: distance/m time/s Fig. 1.4 8) [Total: 7] UCLES 2017 0625/49M/4/17Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest. 30- speed 2°77 m/s 207° 15; 10; 5: t 100 120 140 160 time/s of 0 20 40 60 80 Fig. 1.1 (a) Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time = 30s. acceleratior (2) (b) Without further calculation, state how the acceleration at time = 100s compares to the acceleration at time = 10s. Suggest, in terms of force, a reason why any change has taken place. (c) Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle between time = 120s and time = 160s. distance 3] [Total: 8] ICLES 2018 0625/4 0/5/18(a) Fp. 11 ows aust tnt gf an ip nonin a sagt ne (©) Beye 0 a tt aa Tr net 28 ae ‘spo arto ten nF 1 so ea gah (0) Ooveertine Card tne 0s easton espa obetraee (0 vere eoste ete tow gag one Pat 0 Th et a ened to ee omy 0:86 onF 12.tae te gaph opm ott it a (© Cate carey tt a t= wet mnie am over (0) Ou iene te tat ced nthesgae bye nora rt ‘tes psoeemn sy senor args na town by 1 = ne) (© cette re snc nate yb pce pote ton = 2061 ne = 30. —— Pr‘Anite sony on re nec = okt ges ae et on (Shai nee duane tansercte ngs reassert Fe 1 town owt wrote ca ves ene = Dante = rou numerAbus is travelling between points A and D. There are bus stops at A, B, C and D but the bus does not stop at B and C. Fig. 1.1 is a speed-time graph for the bus. - B speed km7h 30: 20: 10: a 2 0 10 20 3.0 40 5.0 time/min Fig. 1.1 (a) Describe the motion of the bus between each of the bus stops. Select the appropriate description from the list below. constant acceleration _ decreasing acceleration increasing acceleration _ moving backwards at constant speed moving forwards at constant speed _stationary 41. between AandB ... 2. between B and C.... 3. between Cand D . i) (b) The average speed of the bus between A and D is 23km/h. Calculate the distance between A and D. distance =... (3) (c) The bus stops at D for 1 min and then travels at a constant acceleration for 30 seconds. On Fig. 1.1, sketch a possible graph for this additional motion. Label X when the bus starts to accelerate and label Y for 30 seconds later. (3) [Total: 9] CLES 2019 0625/427M/5/19Fig. 1.1 shows a distance-time graph for a cyclist travelling between points P and V on a straight road. distance/m 0 100 200 300 400 500 time/s Fig. 1.1 (a) Describe the motion between: QandR .. RandS SandT. - 8] (b) Calculate the speed between U and V. speed = ... iatiinccctened cerca (c) After point V, the straight road continues down a steep hill. The cyclist travels down the steep hill. He does not apply the brakes and all resistive forces can be ignored. On Fig. 1.1, sketch a possible motion for the cyclist after V. (1) [Total: 6] JCLES 2019 osasiegnuuns [Turn over‘Seto gary on he Men nO" Thow na on the Moon a (© Seon dace nb eer once a 1s ast mong oat nan bowed hike Pes ‘Pa: 12leprtal ne spostre grt orn vie eng om at secsentin= ol (©) oor 12, soci shpe ta spent gh he ae tr ig on Eh, a rasa 8 (© Extn totem tee rd ty ee ta a rot even essnow enone (0, Doct we can nen ne Band —— eet (0) Usha 12 atanan spouse ene eae oad Rein eit wemaanameer ro ee sccm rumenA iver in the sea uses breathing apparatus, which releases gas bubbles. Fig. 1.1 shows bubbles rising to the surface. Fig.1.1 The bubbles start from rest and, at first, they move upwards with a constant acceleration. Fig. 1.2 is an incomplete speed-time graph for one of the bubbles from time t= Os until t= 10s. 25: ' speed 2° t t m/s | 15: t | 1.0 1 t i 05: | tls Fig. 1.2 (a) Using Fig. 1.2, determine the acceleration of the bubble during the first 2.0. acceleration = [3] (b) (i) After t= 2.05, the acceleration of this bubble decreases gradually until at t= 10s its acceleration is zero. Complete Fig. 1.2, by sketching a possible continuation of the speed-time graph. [2] (li) State the name given to a negative acceleration. [1 [Total: 6} JOLES 2016 0625/43/07N16Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the motion of a car. 20 speed m/s 15; 10: time/s Fig. 1.1 The mass of the car is 1200kg. (a) Calculate, for the first 20s of the motion, (i) the distance travelled by the car, (ii) the acceleration of the car, acceleration = ....... [2] (iii) the resultant force acting on the car. 12] resultant force (b) Describe the motion of the car in the period of time from 25s to 40s. (Total: 7] JOLES 2017 (0625/41/0N/713 owe ncntr nan vom coe ort 00h ‘reroune tn cnt 78. (0) conan mast pe (0 Coosm te wep tn (0) Seton way nate weston tom re me minge psc vananng e208 2 oesgeotcthe ran atine 1008 (Cote many ses (1 anyon es 1 ra toma ecsatnot evan 75m oe gna secre sew ay o a eect she paris ihe sr Pa Poo CorreFig. 2.1 shows a measuring cylinder that contains a coloured liquid. Fig. 2.1 The measuring cylinder contains 82cm® of the liquid. The density of the liquid is 950kg/m°. (a) Calculate the mass of the liquid. mass = (3) (b) The height h of the liquid in the measuring cylinder is 0.094m. (i) Calculate the pressure due to the liquid at point X in Fig. 2.1 PREGUE ars cccicmamnnieanonicemusnenalel £8 2017 0625/48/07 [Turn overFig. 1.1 is the distance-time graph for a moving car. 500: distance /m 400 300 200: 100: 0 time t/s Fig. 1.1 (a) On Fig. 1.1, mark a point P where the acceleration of the car is zero. ti) (b) Determine: (i) the speed of the car at time t= 15s SpbOd & sscsnarinanantarcnmmnsncetenrcmnnalel (ii) the average speed of the car between time t= 30s and time t= 45s. average speed = (2) (c) Attime t= 45s, the car starts to decelerate. At time t= 55s and at a distance of 400m from the starting point, the car stops. It then remains stationary for 5.0. (On Fig. 1.1, draw a possible continuation of the distance-time graph. (3) {Total: 8] UCLES 2018 0625/43/0/N/18Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest. S077 ESN Ly 0x40 is os PHHHEHHE FTES 22D a. : tt - to t i nM 3 Gxo 0 ‘OEE SE EEEEEE RHE © Sugm- ERIE SEEEGES) EES EEN 0 2040 60] 60 100 120 140 160 7 t—> time/s Bs, Fig. 1.1 (a) Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time Ae. ee | 68 acceleration = (b) Without further calculation, state how the acceleration at time = 100s compares to the acceleration at time = 10s. Suggest, in terms of force, a reason why any change has taken place. A cclncdt ae w/a ae hat. acébealical Arcbunkin. 1.2 () er eee Getbnes vale by the eB ee Mons ed trie Leng: Tod ho fm hulled = (o0mor |-0 Km distance = ... ICLes 2018 0625/4 MIIMaman lin Lepotin Mamonlar. = miss x valeck ty p | gan) 18 Vv. Omit K Li Ki ‘ ms Lk im Ort ses ee | ee os ree ee) Tafal pi = = ae inital weit Fal memnlin E mA x Fine) vebei f = my (Chats in amemanba mV ML hate pf cogs a movers. = gawd. aia (“<4) Fc A heh foe eg ee oth + gl f ef Met fore. 42 chee pap taral & vale 4 chee of nonFe my/-mu ie S& Fea mviemu Cha (n_moamtnlinn 41 called zn pale Langa (AP) AP. A -2 apt AP = meme ant is bali object Shick, ave ain woth At one omyttor Care in physio! Clad the. pe a alled chsrm aE jet Tal cto ie 2 ae. omedtey accordiy) Bi meets | feiva Caw val actin fa on aii Wale aeacfin” ict A cxerh ett 6 thn Set Bone J but ps 1b fae Toa “thon chjeed cade “Re et ney el ay pe baal dade | in he tt bak im op pen Soler ,Us. m YF Yn. fe eta [ete 6 yi Ms @) ™a @ less Lid manuilin bef Collision = 17, Uy + 7704 Ug Tested anenuatin fli Collen =m, + mal, fecal & fw 4 Consortathon it mumtorbia: Wel meen ie Mision = ee ha offer thom Hh, Uy, + Mpg = My Vy + MM sor lati Foy an isolated Sym, total memoplan A We Col iiih 20 ested te 4staS iia can 7 a(a) Complete Fig. 2.1 by writing in the right-hand column the name of the quantity given by the product in the left-hand column. Wet-fere product quantity \ f=am4 mass x acceleration BR. -aalfont- fre force x time | Ln, "p wile Fig. 2.1 2) (b) Fig. 2.2 shows a man hitting a ball with a golf club. Ss mm Ln Of ey, golf club ball in fs Conta ‘mold nif! ged = o tine Fig. 2.2 Ee The ball has a mass of(0.046kg)"The gol club is in contact with the ball ng the ball leaves the golf club at a speed @ Calculate: fa ped 1. the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club fool rentebs = 0.046 x65 = 290 KymA momentum = ole G9. afc 2) 2. thd average resultant force qeting on the ball while its in contact EY Lnital mom = 0 the golf club. fos oman 2 34 Tague 27d 2 Teh. 8h 5480 bm” Sy ist average force = vee IBON cco] (ii) While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes|compressed]and changes shape. State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club. L£lasht. paential energy 1" ar shin energy deat cues 2018 062514310018 [Turn over{a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A resultant force begins to act upon the object. State the ways in which the force may change the motion of the object. se lnad...on..saclelgale..ca..heteletale....cam. aif fr a Ca. cape. Aiba. (2) (b) State one other effect a force could have on the object. Me fi..can chil, Stickle, ae batt lM (c) The mass of a car is 1400kg. The car, initially at rest, is moved along a level road by a resultant force of 3500N. The car reaches a speed of 30m/s. () Calculate the average acceleration of the car. 2D. 9. z a-f- 46D 27 acceleration = (ii) Calculate the time for which the force is applied. an Moh ae i ee (Total: 8] SLES 2017 (0625/42/01N/17Fig. 2.1 shows a hammer being used to drive a nail into a piece of wood. hammer head nail Fig. 2.1 The mass of the hammer head is 0.15kg. The speed of the hammer head when it hits the nail is 8.0m/s. The time for which the hammer head is in contact with the nail is 0.0015. The hammer head stops after hitting the nail. (a) Calculate the change in momentum of the hammer head. Lavhol mom = olSx B= +2 1Gm/ fowl mm- wITK O =O tgn/s change in momentum = 2] (b) State the impulse given to the nail. impulse (c) Calculate the average force between the hammer and the nail. EE ho2- 0-00/S— = 800N average force ICLES 2016 0625/42/16(a) Explain why momentum is a vector quantity. (b) The crumple zone at the front of a car is designed to collapse during a collision. concrete wall crumple zone Fig. 2.1 In a laboratory test, a car of mass 1200kg is driven into a concrete wall, as shown in Fig. 2.1 A video recording of the test shows that the car is brought to rest in 0.36s when it collides with the wall. The speed of the car before the collision is 7.5m/s. Calculate (i) the change of momentum of the car, change of momentum = [2] (ii) the average force acting on the car. average force = = : [2] UCLES 2017 0625/42/17"ia.21 swe my mae Tot ann eh eto ietae eyo en ‘Thc seen tld bari a20 4. ote oth br rd oe sn, ig. 21 some Worany euteon act reat ook Actas ig ong atom pacing Bohra 00g whe (a) Cues ne mnerametinc A retin a (0) Thea ct rit compet anne yc oe tt ey Soman ee cain hha arena 27D 0) Seen mpc a (THe meas emt 0808 west a (© este aa gt ty thst he wen ‘cose ose route oc peed ob iy. ase 7. te: a (4) Tre enon try a an dst tie psoas compan nay bse ent espe 2 ee - ome ese amass ‘numer ome 8 ‘ou ae soem tumeverp21 wom nasa Aen bets rea cw cae 12:0 saan Car cee 2009. gna Ee romru= a (>) Pecan cian 8 arnt pe Car Acne ent nae (cath mann Bieta teste clan rome = 0 ‘aut args estat era ca 8 eg een, (0) Asem eng acon thot che cut et a rtA footballer kicks a ball vertically upwards. Initially, the ball is stationary. (a) His boot is in contact with the ball for 0.050s. The average resultant force on the ball during this time is 180N. The ball leaves his foot at 20m/s. Calculate (i) the impulse of the force acting on the ball, impulse = .. [2] (ii) the mass of the ball, mass = (2) (ii) the height to which the ball rises. Ignore air resistance. height = 13] (b) While the boot is in contact with the ball, the ball is no longer spherical State the word used to describe the energy stored in the ball [1] [Total: 8] CLES 2017 0625/4 VMs/17{a) Underline the pair of quantities which must be multiplied together to calculate impulse. force and mass force and velocity mass and time time and velocity weight and velocity force and time (b) Fig. 3.1 shows a collision between two blocks A and B on a smooth, horizontal surface. A B A B 3.0m/s lo i before collision after collision Fig. 3.1 1] Before the collision, block A, of mass 2.4kg, is moving at 3.0m/s. Block B, of mass 1.2kg, is at rest. After the collision, blocks A and B stick together and move with velocity v. (i) Calculate 4. the momentum of block A before the collision, momentum = 2. the velocity v, velocity 3. the impulse experienced by block B during the collision impulse [2] (2) (ii) Suggest why the total kinetic energy of blocks A and B after the collision is less than the kinetic energy of block A before the collision. CLES 2017 (0625/42/M/JI17 [1] [Total: 8)(Ama os eg utr 40min ec ama the 29 Tanti (i evecare ater ction = sess move (00 Senna yan at mae ma i he . = = o (0) Scandal wheres nay acer any orate ay . . : o 0) Fe 2 tena te tanga mang cs Swen or Peet ‘Pe art panangr, of a mas 2g, emia in epee We ting TSniechesaniee ssn wnpy cota ag Arte clon he arty cr een man ne sane deacon aspect Onis ona = = a (0) epson rect ton mdse tr clon. nage a ‘Seton eon “0 we (Fate tt a bc el ca ae ge gs Tip em aoc ab bona ell nee re owen cones uno(a) (i) State how a vector quantity differs from a scalar quantity. (ii) State and explain whether momentum is a vector quantity or a scalar quantity. [1] (b) A spacecraft of mass 35g is travelling in a straight line at a velocity of 1200m/s. Assume no external forces act on the spacecratt Calculate ()_ the momentum of the spacecraft, momentum = oe. ee Pe (ii) the kinetic energy of the spacecratt kinetic energy = 2] (c) The rocket fuel stored in the moving spacecraft in (b) explodes and the spacecratt splits into two sections. One section speeds up and the other section slows down. (i) State what happens to the total momentum. (ii) Predict and explain what happens to the total kinetic energy. 1c) Total: 9] JCLES 2016 (0625/43/0/N16Moment =o ec fat Nonont = Fora x ree dha f face ee Tia lel xa Nem N n, m Tat: feck ya vecar wont tee 7m sete teat ee ee 4 wal in IGCSE fo-level ture aba, per te ar lant lock use geet Clock wise -momont— Anviclackwise momost 1Equitibow ‘fib i fale wtih js MNment- Te “ah. Vol fab snltnedaly 7 ie "Net farce ate b equal ee a "Nol net fase aa [ No resultant feces! f there, call be|_mo nek foc Pe ‘gee, wll be Ci her ad- yest pa | ams anti. “antfernn velo Yy in_|_al_shassit! Sire. J oe v ZI. Thad. nut Ge no net tani ek (oonenl) Gp chobeax martnk abual pee = Tool anfolrkoote sabe Frmeial f umont- 4 a vai Z fre Dee equib briem thn bh! clarkonse amrert\ oben aap papa mut be. wh tbl dnbehehense manent about the Lame porkConti. af aici pi int an wdhiohs pAlede saiseg ay_ objet apple fo de achiy hltl gabe. Or fel shaped ad deeds. Za SE ¢ ellepe = fone Porperdeaer bikes of Dry or hrf ee op ela den onel 4 ebpe a og = 4 ka, 55 oot pata nr sec 4 tie chagonale aoe 4 toa duo i nc4 + O84 neve fy ineulir clack $ fe Drbandh ore UAe able. | \ We drow holes neo! ed r “I reves eee ae b bre’ on fhe oak. Fapeh Same nee ant aftr holes. Dank a iaitise Hn $b plums bes 4a the pawition zd conta gently.Grail fy ee fia et e a pt shbe_ of 4 gee Shai avi Lactars db chi bili UY 4. heialt +} Contye ¢ aay Re ep 7 oo Pee forte cm Cao Lextemly sible. becaon howe Beir cone fh pony ey tau, p ‘me, cona Lowy thw | cena. pain toh Hair cifechsok mA,3 (@) Astationary object is acted upon by a number of forces. State the conditions which must be true if the object (i) does not accelerate, veoudf... TOM... did. Wee Mela fet. . seen] (ii) does riot rotate. a &. Tat did... turning prt (b) Fig. 3.1 shows a boat that has been lifted out of a river. The boat is suspended by two ropes. It is stationary. qT, T > a Fig. 3.1 (not to scale) The weight of the boat, acting at the centre of mass, is 24KN. The tensions in the ropes are ae Abe otea= 4.6 Nm Determine (i) the moment of the weight of the boat about the point P, QLO00 X 0-40 = 1660 F500 Ni 1] (li) the tension T,, L6XT, = 1600 T - 162. 6000 7 Te E0600.N (3) (iii) the tension T,. ce = 24007 GoD + Ts = 2400 180" Tye oe © UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/MN17 (Total: 8}3. (a) Complete the statement by writing in the blank spaces. The moment of a force about a pivot is equal to Lance. multiplied by pespordiatlt. dithanee of. fee _ fw pital tt] (b) Fig. 3.1 shows a horizontal rod of length 2.4m and weight 160N. The weight of the rod acts at its centre. The rod is suspended by two vertical ropes X and Y. The tension in each rope is 80N. 80N 80N rope X rope Y Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name given to the point at which the weight of the rod acts. (ii) Calculate the mass of the’Tod We mf gee Me IMASS eosossccsssseee Vase K.. percent (iii) The rod is in equilibrium. Using data from Fig. 3.1, me al Pa Odiecau....dglal. da &. chanucd ihe re # Bar, Sata (dor @) Chchutic. mament..abat. ples... ambeluclevase...xrcmut....asbont.. the Ken... Ut. 212. net. mannter ka... FeAl 2KE es ee Total... clachunse..onemet abd. = 66x22 1A Toll ombcheh vase mo abut X= 8 yd = /32,M zr ©UCLES 2018 0625/42/F M8(0) Tencoan tte anton ares tsa nh ery ® \ Faas ‘ems oem spn Pap we A (0) Fe 22toer nate sli te Se ez Lg nears ose the set glen te nr 85 10 O00), The pees aes midiasan@rs soon Cada an i by oth te 6) acon to S a os esse owe4 Inthe braking system of a car, the brake pedal rotates about a pivot when the pedal is pressed. Fig. 4.1 shows part of the braking system. cylinder piston pivot 200N pedal Fig. 4.1 (not to scale) The driver exerts a force of 200N on the pedal at a distance 22cm from the pivot. As the pedal rotates about the pivot, a force is exerted on the piston and the pressure of the oil increases. The area of the piston in the cylinder is 5.0 x 10~*m? (0.00050m?). Calculate the increase in the pressure of the oil. increase in pressure [4] [Total: 4] ©UCLES 2017 0625/43MN4/172 Two mechanics, A and B, are trying to use a two-person spanner (wrench) to loosen a nut on a large wheel. Fig. 2.1 shows the forces exerted by the two mechanics. ‘two-person ‘spanner (wrench) SOON force 400N force exerted by exerted by mechanic A mechanic B 1.2m ; 1.2m Fig. 2.1 Mechanic A exerts a force of SOON at a distance of 1.2m from nut P. Mechanic B exerts a force of 400N at a distance of 1.2m on the other side of nut P. {a) Calculate the magnitude and the direction of the resultant moment exerted by the mechanics on nut P. magnitude of resultant moment direction ... tal (b) Mechanic B reverses the direction of the 400N force that he exerts on the spanner. Mechanic A continues to exert the same force of 500N downwards. (i) Calculate the magnitude of the new resultant moment exerted by the mechanics. magnitude of resultant moment tt) (ii) Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force now exerted by the mechanics on the spanner. FONE eee i (Total: 6] ©UCLES 2016 0625143/01NN6 [Turn over2. Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform plank AB of length 2.0m suspended from two ropes X and Y. P 4 4 Q 1.5m rnex| Jom AC B |__| | 5m W=210N Fig. 2.1 The weight Wof the plank is 210N. The force in rope X is P. The force in rope Y is Q. {a) State, in terms of P, the moment of force P about B. (b) Calculate: (i) the moment of Wabout B moment = (ii) the force P force P= (ii) the force Q. force Q= ©UCLES 2018 0625/41/08 [1] [1] eedLee, Exugy ondl fasty. Nab = Fire_x deviae sand alo sh fe W NA mr (Veale) VA a ff pre reatn zpce a paint by one. mab 1 ‘gle hehe of fore a werk of we fata de. st & Hl a Hale py Ye Lal unk doe against eae L keke (moll Hes ir haw mouthe a sigan as hast) Ww Work cbpe by ner = (F-fidl. (Ba wrk de becomes chngs in Kio fey) ENERGY Abily boo ark d cad enrgy. yb bt 2 Petrol ys Moving hae A Ut I Water. Sabu Kammer _ Stretched eon t Relaxed aotEneray Sources Re newable. aan Equsces A_ wove of energy ashich sail rob ran gu or 3s available in dbundonce. ¥ GeotRermal enewgy ve Nuclear enersy Non yenewable Seurees af energy C6E_ SoUICES. ore. avialable sna Yeti! gumhly or are_padlued af a Guer (odaver) vibe Kan' are censamed, pee iat eta four ae Ia don od 4 : “hs Soe Gey aaa Nuclear, ener « Heat ae Burning fost fe See - Greveralor << (fiae)< —__ Turbine ethgen bed 7 Walge de ts wank, bine ithide {tems oot Sal irae” re {it Sea ved * 1 : eee Dhe old Swich ageriut gownsin aan dioacorn/s ov Aw wise hun a at ebechicily ond iy wees conss venearahle. 2 (6) «b padre electnctly ty dacheclo : rma cabins Ore bul ft of Mpls allude | le Aa val, x, ued tb soon forbrre Swich pure, Mechomted ene vay © pl thick gempalls sehiedy tole detnp ale bsses ali Hale and ink cantds, ys dS xlpal sun Cunuls satin , clavels Cassin YA1yA ry, aad om? Lal dead h tookSia ot Spe Tee Mex se We make me e hidh. 4 been vest) cHPorwsie- tr Alma? no cot’ & qn fe Sysbin tx Seonannital praglus bon Lafrcity, ane) fairly cpssfnd We No semble , “netce and pian , ns wast comnry aah. ™ bi eden te mth a & Tuhliptim oc! agdyrobes tw ial a peta mn feo a by dme. at yor site D Number rainy ‘nil clay wad ery fee WD) Ayatbi clear yaw. Dn de t, Shims, Snow eke I night se Don't exchx Kinehic “ny tenbal | dua & wthan ° cnr Mn [einafic. Say as Eng r Yop Grarbied joa abe Chatel i a Sere oon) ] an check eee Tet aa in a ee do te AY psi nko api atti So ition WO Aral wa (fica wd ee ei Bayt oe Pookiol ning: oH Ee m4 b we Val f | (|| @ gi as eae Elvstic, potent? 7 Sted the b befor mation dau £ corso cots Total clsed eystm Ss dnt a eH FATS 7 ap oo Energy a neitter creak na chitigeRE = PE © Nh object io Herm purr lows 2 KE = jing LE + entry ested oe ese Bye if wwe ii all Sesishne. fences Like fyichion ond) aly rewsbiece ba 4 LE = eid lea. fe : igh (when of fp) We ag @ Le ay pe a dame hy PE = Gang Ke + ong east dats yer Sut op oll rathe foos ame ssnoed fis lg’ Lae We ian = fty> AgA = V Uy yn A become Larelevank _-Teflon = (nat 2 Nrkdews clopiton Fawr — Fone x Speed euty = Ullpe x Comt- en ay et Fa je oe ape epficiony ae Soe ee x 100 Tord fiprwer caput(a) A force is used to move an object from the Earth's surface to a greater height. Explain why the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the object increases. (1) (b) Fig. 2.1 shows a train moving up towards the top of a mountain. (c) Fig. 2.1 ‘The train transports 80 passengers, each of average mass 65kg, through a vertical height of 1600m. Calculate the increase in the total gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the passengers. increase in g.p.e. = (2) The engine of the train has a power of 1500KW. The time taken to reach the top of the mountain is 30 minutes. Calculate the efficiency of the engine in raising the 80 passengers 1600m to the top of the mountain. efficiency = (Total: 7] LES 2018 oss ne [Turn overrat ‘ecateieamcesesoniennennoathorznaly ton 8, enup atm B86 (0) Tre an oes pst enya moaned ow Bee [same teen [emt pena etn cin Ll emmens pn oat ie [Loney ato sures i (0) resource rene Ff ow 7 ratoecic ramet cp ih ty ea et on 1 chy beter ee tani ed oll is Beit p cola pentyl (9502, 20;8}twtr town trasn ta ts eengar te erat fatto Th ecto cp oon 0 TOG E- mehe ois x 426K SP SHIA 4150 Ty (©) Tbe an sed aka Cm. cucu emeteame ume (uy Treceosny tn span 70% amas Ger eo man een ar Jor 415 eres How Sh — 1}40. Pr 2 (Kd aa K 2 SV4OT inp ont). Tp pow = ES = (1 88 Waste 2 190 walleA footballer kicks a ball vertically upwards. Initially, the ball is stationary. (a) His boot is in contact with the ball for 0.050. The average resultant force on the ball during this time is 180N. The ball leaves his foot at 20m/s. Calculate (i) the impulse of the force acting on the ball, impulse = (ii) the mass of the ball, mass = . (iii) the height to which the ball rises. Ignore air resistance. height = (b) While the boot is in contact with the ball, the balll is no longer spherical. State the word used to describe the energy stored in the ball. 2LES 2017 0625/4 1/Mu/17Fig. 2.1 shows a fork-lift truck lifting a box. box Fig. 2.4 The electric motor that drives the lifting mechanism is powered by batteries. (a) State the form of the energy stored in the batteries. (b) The lifting mechanism raises a box of mass 32kg through a vertical distance of 2.5m in 5.4s. (1) Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the box. BLY lox AF = BO gravitational potential energy = (2) (ii) The efficiency of the lifting mechanism is 0.65 (65%). Calculate the input power to the lifting mechanism. Paw = 1A30 e « ; 687 go chock cabeatatint Slr {Oo7, a K% = 8AMK 1 21230 = ac input power = (3) (c) The batteries are recharged from a mains voltage supply that is generated in an oil-fred power station. By comparison with a wind farm, state one advantage and one disadvantage of running a power station using oil advantage ...é.L.. tn..avatlable on, sont. egen Ee [Total: 8] SLES 2018, os25ve1nsts [Turn overFig. 3.1 shows an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier. Fig. 3.4 The aircraft accelerates from rest along the deck. At take-off, the aircraft has a speed of 75m/s. The mass of the aircraft is 9500kg. (a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft at take-off. kinetic energy = [3] (b) On an aircraft carrier, a catapult provides an accelerating force on the aircraft. The catapult provides a constant force for a distance of 150m along the deck. Calculate the resultant force on the aircraft as it accelerates. Assume that all of the kinetic energy at take-off is from the work done on the aircraft by the catapult. foros ce Total: 5] Les 2018 osasve2nure [Turn overArifle fires a bullet of mass 0.020kg vertically upwards through the air. As it leaves the rifle, the ‘speed of the bullet is 350 m/s. (a) Calculate (i) the kinetic energy of the bullet as it leaves the rifle, kinetic energy = ..... [3] (ii) the maximum possible height that the bullet can reach. maximum height = : (2) (b) The actual height reached by the bullet is less than the value calculated in (a)(i) (i) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the bullet, why this is so. [2] (ii) As the bullet rises through the air, its kinetic energy decreases. State what happens to this energy. (2) {Total: 9] DLES 2018 os2sgMisi8(a) (i) State how a vector quantity differs from a scalar quantity. (li) State and explain whether momentum is a vector quantity or a scalar quantity sceneries sionseenintireemnmmarecmeecren( TI (b) A spacecratt of mass 35kg is travelling in a straight line at a velocity of 1200m/s. Assume no ‘external forces act on the spacecraft. Calculate (i) the momentum of the spacecraft, momentum 2 (ii) the kinetic energy of the spacecraft. kinetic energy = .. 12) (c) The rocket fuel stored in the moving spacecraft in (b) explodes and the spacecraft splits into two sections. One section speeds up and the other section slows down. (i) State what happens to the total momentum. 11) (ii) Predict and explain what happens to the total kinetic energy. (2) [Total: 9] SLES 2016 0625/43/0/N/16(a) State the name of a fuel that is burnt to produce large amounts of electrical energy. Describe a process by which electrical energy is obtained from the chemical energy stored in this fuel. Name of fuel: Description of process: [4] (b) Explain why the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the fuel in (a). (2) (c) Explain whether the process in (a) is renewable. 2) (Total: 8} “LES 2017 062514200017 [Turn overFig. 3.1 shows solar cells that use radiation from the Sun to generate electricity. Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) State the name of the process which releases energy in the Sun. (il) A reaction takes place in the Sun as energy is released. Describe what happens in this reaction. (2) (b) Apart from solar cells, there are other energy resources used on Earth for which the radiation from the Sun is the source. State the name of one of these energy resources and explain whether it is renewable. (2) (c) State two advantages and two disadvantages of using solar cells to generate electricity. advantage 1 advantage 2 .... disadvantage 1 ... disadvantage 2 [4] {Total: 9] 2LES 2017 os2siev00mu17 [Turn over(a) State what is meant by the principle of conservation of energy. [1] (b) Fig. 3.1 shows a girl throwing a heavy ball. o—ball Fig. 3.1 (i) State the energy changes that take place from when the girl begins to exert a force on the ball until the ball hits the ground and stops moving. 2] (ii) The mass of the ball is 4.0kg. The girl exerts a force on the ball for 0.60s. The speed of the ball increases from 0m/s to 12m/s before it leaves the girl's hand, Calculate: 1. the momentum of the ball on leaving the girl's hand momentum (2) 2. the average resultant force exerted on the ball average resultant force = ...... (2) (Total: 7] IcLes 2018 0625/41/0NI18 [Turn over(a) The velocity of an object of mass m increases from uto v. State, in terms of m, uand v, the change of momentum of the object. (1) (b) Ina game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet. (The racquet is in contact with the ball for 6,0ms. The average force on the ball during this time is 400N. Calculate the impulse on the tennis ball. impulse = (ii) The mass of the ball is 0.056kg. Calculate the speed with which the ball leaves the racquet. speed = (lil) State the energy transfer that takes place: 1. as the ball changes shape during the contact between the racquet and the ball 2. as the balll leaves the racquet. (2) {Total: 7] Les 2018 0625/42/0/N/18(a) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as a source of electrical energy. advantage disadvantage ...... al (b) Fig. 2.1 shows a wind turbine. (i) CLES 2019 —_—> wind speed 16m/s ‘area swept out by the turbine blades Fig. 2.1 The wind blows at a speed of 16m/s towards the turbine blades. In one second, a volume of 24000 m* of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades. The density of air is 1.3kg/m®. Calculate: 1. the mass of air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades in 1.05 mass = (2) 2. the kinetic energy of the mass of air that passes through the area swept out by the blades. kinetic energy = 2] ‘Suggest why some of the kinetic energy of the air that passes through the circular area ‘swept out by the blades is not converted into electrical energy. a (Total: 7] 0625/42 M19 [Turn overFessyeg Debit 2 fos. a ren 7 ——1 pe Ra Fewo in Loud (pnd go) Fre de 1 fd ai q ful epee i shat fit Calon, ay te mri Am amt Mi. Ou obmusple io a Plid Crmix tree Under mare frsnd en + pattie i measie An plac prea be tela apes Whi lat Ra apparels fe Ung tig Sood of ihn las tube hecemen stable ‘TRa_|chamn Voreseve duh Reuid Glirom _in the. fube ingen) fe. praptne._cie te_abriaphe rureucf Almapher| prasee = 2 Steno f merely jo ibe [Tin AP sce Lorel f Magill mceny core t~_F£0 mm |_aor | 0: #6-m =) ==Ip value, of Api preseove Abas pes = iB R = | 60 mm 4 M4 iB = lO m 9 pure onl we = (0052 fx w (@ Kh. Cd, vp ratul- 7 lanl $l Whin ever am abet in phos in a Lid Ih has a preasre is diepywune ~ bebween wedi at dep | Wl praine wf ben ae Komunhey at bathe in alngs ti Caen a nds decper Yan 1). [his Produces a. ned uDwort fre P iP Sao eww tus faut Z| 7 steel. wad sf by 1 rat = me of £huid dhpbced x dow iAx(g.¢s) | 7 Hees phen ila (pf2. Why if opalecales exert pms on fhe als vA A coin? A. Gas grills main vondm ccechin. ute high kenefie cn onimntrtn, ConA trex Cx penere, a change CA in Stat a Relation bebueen ae Hae ane! rolome- / | er agp ub i { ECE P « 1 So Py =| Gta hey PV,(a) The velocity of an object of mass m increases from uto v. State, in terms of m, uand v, the change of momentum of the object. (1) (b) Ina game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet. (The racquet is in contact with the ball for 6,0ms. The average force on the ball during this time is 400N. Calculate the impulse on the tennis ball. impulse = (ii) The mass of the ball is 0.056kg. Calculate the speed with which the ball leaves the racquet. speed = (lil) State the energy transfer that takes place: 1. as the ball changes shape during the contact between the racquet and the ball 2. as the balll leaves the racquet. (2) {Total: 7] Les 2018 0625/42/0/N/18(a) A student carries out an experiment to find the relationship between the pressure p and the volume V of a fixed mass of gas. The table contains four of her sets of measurements. (i) Use the data in the table to suggest the relationship between the pressure and the volume in this experiment. Explain how you reach your conclusion. [2] State the property of the gas, apart from the mass, that remains constant during the ‘experiment. 1] (b) A lake is 5.0m deep. The density of the water is 1000kg/m°. (i) Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the lake due to this depth of water. pressure = 2] (i) A bubble of gas escapes from the mud at the bottom of the lake and rises to the surface. Place one tick in each row of the table to indicate what happens to the volume, the mass and the density of the gas in the bubble. Assume that no gas or water vapour enters or leaves the bubble. increases | stays the same decreases volume of bubble mass of gas in bubble density of gas in bubble 2) [Total: 7] 2LES 2016 O625/42/F WIG(a) Fig. 4.1 shows a mercury barometer. The tube containing the mercury is vertical mercury Fig. 4.1 (i) The height h indicates a value of the atmospheric pressure. State what is contained in the space labelled S. - 1 (ii) On a particular day the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 x 105Pa. The density of mercury is 13600kg/m?. Calculate the value of h indicated by the barometer. h . 2] (iii) The tube containing mercury is now tilted so that it makes an angle of 10° with the vertical. After tilting, there continues to be a space above the mercury in the tube. State and explain whether the vertical height of mercury in the tube is smaller, the same, or greater than the value calculated in (a)(ii). . (2) (b) Another mercury barometer in the same room at the same time shows a lower value of h than the barometer in (a). Suggest and explain a reason for the lower value. (2) [Total: 7] SLES 2019 0625/42F/M/19 [Turn over3. Fig. 3.1 shows an oil tank that has a rectangular base of dimensions 2.4m by 1.5m. oil. a, depth of oil 1.5m J 5m 24m Fig. 3.1 The tank is filled with oil of density 850kg/m° to a depth of 1.5m (a) Calculate (i) the pressure exerted by the oil on the base of the tank, pressure = 2) (ii) the force exerted by the oil on the base of the tank. force = . : 2) © UCLES 2016 (08 _0625_41_2016_1.10(b) The force calculated in (a)(ii) is the weight of the oil. Calculate the mass of oil in the tank. mass = ...... 1) (c) When he is checking the level of oil in the tank, a man drops a brass key into the oil and it ‘sinks to the bottom of the oil. (i) State what this shows about the density of brass. 1 (ii) Explain how attaching the key to a piece of wood could prevent the key from sinking. 1] [Total: 7] CLES 2018 (06_0825_41_2016_1.10 [Turn overAn archaeologist is investigating a shipwreck and discovers a wooden box on the seabed. surface of sea NOT TO SCALE 0.80 Fig. 4.1 The dimensions of the lid of the box are 1.2m by 0.80m and the pressure of the atmosphere is 1.0 x 10°Pa. The lid is 15m below the surface of the sea. (a) The density of sea-water is 1020kg/m*. Calculate (i) the pressure on the lid of the box due to the sea-water, preeeue= (ii) the total pressure on the lid, pressure = (1) ucLES 2016 (06_0625_42_2016.1.11(iii) the downward force that the total pressure produces on the lid. force = (2) (b) The force needed to open the lid is not equal to the value calculated in (a) ‘Suggest two reasons for this. A. (2) [Total: 7] ucLES 2016 06_0625_42_20161.11 [Turn overFig. 2.1 shows a hollow metal cylinder containing air, floating in the sea. ‘surface of sea seawater Fig. 2.1 (a) The density of the metal used to make the cylinder is greater than the density of seawater. Explain why the cylinder floats. [1] (b) The cylinder has a length of 1.8m. It floats with 1.2m submerged in the sea. The bottom of the cylinder has an area of cross-section of 0.80m2. The density of seawater is 1020kg/m?. Calculate the force exerted on the bottom of the cylinder due to the depth of the seawater. force = (4) (c) Deduce the weight of the cylinder. Explain your answer. weight explanation . al [Total: 7] CLES 2018 o625/42/NUs/18(a) Describe the movement of the molecules in (i) asolid, (ii) agas. 2] (b) A closed box contains gas molecules. Explain, in terms of momentum, how the molecules exert a pressure on the walls of the box. [4] (Total: 7] 2LEs 2018 oszsre1nute [Turn overA rectangular container has a base of dimensions 0.12m x 0.16m. The container is filled with a liquid. The mass of the liquid in the container is 4.8kg. (a) Calculate (i) the weight of liquid in the container, weight = (ii) the pressure due to the liquid on the base of the container. [2] pressure (b) Explain why the total pressure on the base of the container is greater than the value calculated in (a)(i) (c) The depth of liquid in the container is 0.32 m. Calculate the density of the liquid. density = acter octet) [Total: 6] CLES 2018 0625/4 YMis/18$2017 Fig. 6.2 shows how the air pressure in the atmosphere changes with the height above ground level. 120: pressure kPa 100 80: 60: 40: 20: 0 2000 4000 + ©6000 ~=—-8000 height/m Fig. 6.2 4. Using Fig. 6.2, determine the pressure at ground level. Give the unit unit = pressure = .. [2] 2. Using Fig. 6.2, determine the height at which the volume of the helium in the balloon is twice the volume at ground level. height 0625/43/Mis/17Fig. 6.1 shows a child releasing a balloon filled with helium. The pressure of the helium in the balloon keeps the balloon inflated. (a) Explain how the particles of helium produce this pressure. B] (b) As the balloon travels upwards through the atmosphere, the volume of the helium increases. ‘The temperature of the helium remains constant. (i) State an equation that relates the volume of the helium to its pressure. 3LES 2017 oasis? [Turn over(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the brake pedal of the vehicle. cylinder pieton force exerted by driver pedal Fig. 2.2 (not to scale) The driver exerts a force on the pedal, which increases the pressure in the oil to operate the brakes. ‘The area of the piston in the cylinder is 6.5 x 104m? (0.00065m?). The pressure increase in the oil is 5.0 x 105Pa (500000 Pa), Calculate the force exerted by the driver on the brake pedal. Aa] [Total: 7] euctes 2017 os25/e2nuui7 [Turn overA balloon contains a fixed mass of gas. (a) Explain, in terms of the momentum of molecules, how the gas in the balloon exerts a pressure. (2) (b) Explain, in terms of molecules, why the pressure of the gas increases when the volume of the balloon decreases. The temperature of the gas is constant. [2] (c) The initial volume of the gas is 500cm? and its pressure is 1.1 x 10°Pa. The volume is reduced to 200cm’. The temperature of the gas is constant. Calculate the new pressure. pressure = (2) [Total: 6] JcLES 2017 osasianut7 [Turn overFig. 5.1 shows some gas trapped in a metal cylinder by a piston. metal cylinder piston gas__| Fig. 5.1 {a) The position of the piston is fixed. The cylinder is moved from a cold room to a warm room. Explain, in terms of molecules, what happens to the pressure of the gas in the cylinder. [4] {b) The piston is now released. It moves to the right and finally stops. Explain these observations in terms of the pressure and the volume of the gas in the cylinder. (2) (Total: 6] JCLES 2017 0625/41/17(i) Describe the relationship shown by the graph between the pressure of the gas and the volume it occupies. Explain this relationship in terms of the molecules. 8) (ii) Determine the volume occupied by the gas when it is released into the atmosphere at a pressure of 0.10 MPa. You will need to use data from Fig. 4.2 volume = (2) (b) An unused cylinder of the compressed gas is moved into a cold warehouse. The temperature of the gas decreases. State how the decrease in the temperature affects (i) the motion of the gas molecules, a) (ii) the pressure of the gas in the cylinder. a [Total: 7] /UCLES 2016 06 _0625_43_ 2016.18 [Turn overIn an industrial process, a gas that is already at high pressure is trapped in a large cylinder by a piston. Fig. 4.1 shows the gas, the cylinder and the piston. high-pressure gas piston cylinder Fig. 4.4 The piston is pushed into the cylinder. As the pressure of the gas changes, its temperature remains constant. (a) Fig. 4.2 shows how the pressure of the trapped gas depends on its volume. 20 pressure/MPa 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 volume /m®* Fig. 4.2 CLES 2016 (06_0625_43_2016.1.8On a particular day, the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 x 10°Pa. A bubble of gas forms at a point 5.0m below the surface of a lake. The density of water is 1000 kg/m°. (a) Determine (i) the total pressure at a depth of 5.0m in the water, pressure = conninieaety (3) (ii) the pressure of the gas in the bubble. pressure = 1] (b) As the bubble rises to the surface, the mass of gas in the bubble stays constant. The temperature of the water in the lake is the same throughout. Explain why the bubble rises to the surface and why its volume increases as it rises. {3] {Total: 7] “LES 2018 on2siegawsne [Turn over