Chapter 3

THE FOUR SERVICE SECTOR OF HOSPITALITY &

TOURISM

(Lodging/Accommodation)
RHEA JOY R. GUSANO
Subject-Teacher
Learning Objectives:
● Discuss the different types of accommodations
● Discuss the Organization of Lodging Industry
● Explain the Hotel Terminology and Room rates
● Identify the Five Star-Rating used of DOT for Hotels, resorts and apartment
hotel
● Identify the National Accommodation Standards of Hotels, Resorts and
Apartments Hotels
● Identify the career opportunities in Accommodation Sector
Definition of Accommodation

• A location where they can rest and revive during their travels
through, or stay within, a tourism destination

• According to Oxford English dictionary: An establishment providing

accommodation, meals and other services for travelers and touirst
Brief history of Accommodation
• With the rise of Christianity in the Middle Ages came the increase
in the popularity of the monasteries and abbeys. Unlike their
Roman Counterparts, they offered bed and a supper to all
travelers, not just the politicians and rich.

• Only Started to appear around the 18th century, although the

beginning of the hospitality industry goes all the way back to the
ancient Greek and Roman culture. The lodging were built next to
the thermal baths, in the resort towns, and on the routes popular
amongst the government
Brief history of Accommodation
During the height of the Industrial revolution (1700s and Early 1500s):
greater demand for accommodation as people migrated to the cities to work.
After World War II, advances in air transport Led to the increased number of
travelers who demanded more roadside motels
In 1972 the first public held hotel, called City Hotel, opened in New York
City.
The first hotel in the present sense of the world, the TREMONT House,
opened in Boston in 1829
Another big milestone is the creation of the first business hotel, the buffalo
Statler in 1908.
Types of
Hotel
Types of Hotel:
1. HOTELS- can be a 10-room house or a building that has a thousand or more rooms,
convention and meeting facilities, recreation with several restaurants and bars and various types
of entertainment.

2. Motels or Motor Hotels -only offer rooms only and free parking to guests. These are often
found along busy highways and cater primary to transient and cost-conscious travelers.

3. Resort hotels- are intended for vacation travelers. These are usually located near beaches
and offer more amenities, shops and recreation opportunities.

4. Pension House- Usually a family owned House, providing common facilities, such as toilets,
bathrooms/showers, living and dining rooms and/ or kitchen and where a combination of board and
lodging maybe provided
5. Paradors -are unique to Spain. These are generally old castles, convents, or monasteries that have
been converted into hotels by the government and are operated by the government.
 
6. Condominium Hotels- often hotels with apartments instead of basic rooms, Generally, appeal to the
families because of the apartments
Types of Hotel:
7. Bed and Breakfast- This form of accommodation provides a bed for the night and breakfast the next
day.
8. Tourist inns are lodging establishments that cater to transients. These do not normally meet the
minimum requirements of an economy hotel.

9. Apartment-hotels are building which contain several independent and furnished or semi-furnished
apartments.

10. Health spas are hotels and resorts which cater to people who go to spas or mineral springs for medical
treatment or weight reduction.

11. Private home is the earliest form of overnight lodging for travelers. It provides lodging to tourist who
cannot be accommodated in hotels and motels during peak vacation periods.

12. Hostels provide basic amenities such as a bunk bed and a commonly shared toilet and bathroom.
The traveler provides his or her own bedding. Hostels appeal primary to young travelers.
Organization of the Lodging Industry
A hotel organization can be large and
complex.

A typical hotel has seven major divisions,

namely: personnel, engineering and
maintenance, accounting, security, food
and beverage, marketing and sales, and
room division.

Each division is run by its own division head.

HOTEL TERMINOLOGY

❑ HOTEL ALLOCATION- A hotel’s allocation is the number of rooms a hotel has available to sell.

❑ HOTEL BRAND is referred to as the hotel chain (such as Holiday Inn, or Hilton) that a hotel joins
with. This can also be known as “switching a hotel’s flag” as well.

❑ HOTEL CUT OFF DAYS- Cut Off Days (or sometimes also called Cut Off Hours or Cut Off Date)
allows inventory to be closed out, or appear unavailable to the customer, starting at a certain
number of days before an arrival date.

❑ CTD aka “closed to departure” is set for a date, a guest cannot book this date if their stay ends
on this date.
HOTEL TERMINOLOGY
❑ HOTEL EXTRANET is the “back end” of a hotel sales website that allows authorized users for the
hotels to log in to enter all their availability, rates, and inventory.

❑ HOTEL DISTRIBUTION channel is an intermediary or company that creates the reservation on

behalf of the hotel.

❑ GDS, OR GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, is a company that provides computer hardware and
software to travel agencies for airplane, hotel, and car reservations.

❑ HOTEL STOP SELL-This is the act of stopping the sales of your hotel’s room nights on your distribution
channels.

❑ PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM-This is the software that is used to manage all operations of a
hotel on site.
ROOM
RATES
ROOM RATES

❑ STANDARD RATE Is also called a RACK rate. This is the price per room without discounts or extras

❑ NON-REFUNDABLE rate means that the guest cannot cancel the booking free of charge.

❑ LAST-MINUTE RATE / WALK-IN RATE- this rate is for guests who book a room at the last minute or at
reception for that night

❑ FAMILY RATE is a price reserved for parents and children.

❑ CORPORATE RATES are for business guests who return regularly or add significant value to the
hotel.
ROOM RATES

❑ GROUP RATE-When large groups stay at your hotel, for meetings or conferences, there’s a good
chance that they’ll receive a group discount.

❑ COMPLEMENTARY RATE-THIS rate is not seen anywhere online but only in the property
management system.

❑ PROMOTIONAL RATE- if you want to increase room sales during the low season, promotional
rates are excellent to use. Think of offers like “3 nights for the price of 2” or a free breakfast

❑ HALF-DAY RATE is popular with airport hotels or hotels that are attractive to business guests.

❑ EARLY BOOKING RATE-Early bird rates encourage early bookings. This is usually a rate that
offers a discount if you book well in advance (30 days up to 6 months).
HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM
A hotel reservation system is a software application that allows guests to book directly with the hotel
online, with no intermediaries necessary. The software essentially processes online reservations made
via the hotel’s website and then passes this information to the hotel’s own backend so that the
information can be easily accessed. Bookings are then managed by hotel staff.

Some hotel reservation software you can

Benefits of using hotel reservation software
consider:
✔ Lower prices
1. TravelPerk
2. Airbnb for Work
✔ Greater efficiency
3. Booking.com
4. Agoda
✔ Improved compliance
5. Kayak
6. Hotels.com
7. Expedia
8. Amex Travel
9. TripAdvisor
 NATIONAL ACCOMMODATION STANDARDS FOR HOTELS,
RESORT AND APARTMENT HOTELS

The National Accommodation Standards also specifies the point system for hotels, resorts and apartment
hotel in the Philippines. Referred to as the Star Grading System, this is based on the criteria set by the
Department of Tourism. The criteria cover seven dimensions common to hotels, resorts and apartment
hotels (DOT, 2012). These are as follows:

• Arrival & Departure

• Public Areas
• Bedrooms
• Bathrooms Food & Beverage
• Amenities
• Business Practices

Aside from the seven dimensions, there are two additional criteria applicable only for apartments hotel.
These are the Lounge Area, and the Kitchen Area
 FIVE STAR GRADING SYSTEM FOR HOTELS, RESORTS, AND
APARTMENT HOTELS IN THE PHILIPPINES
*ONE STAR (251 TO 400 POINTS)
These appeal to budget-minded travelers. There are limited range of facilities and services.

** TWO STAR (401 TO 550 POINTS)

These enterprises appeal to the tourists seeking more than basic accommodation, they otter expanded
facilities and higher level of comfort.

*** THREE STAR (551 TO 700 POINTS)

These enterprises offer a very good level of accommodation. There are more spacious public areas,
higher quality facilities and a greater range of services.

**** FOUR STAR (701 TO 850 POINTS)

These properties are upscale in all areas. Accommodation is refitted and stylish Service is responsive,
often including an extensive array of facilities.

***** FIVE STAR (851 TO 1,000 POINTS)

These properties reflect the characteristics of luxury and sophistication. The facilities are world class in
every manner and the meticulous service exceeds all guest expectations