i Title of experiment: Standardization of Base with an Preparation and Standardization of Naoll Solution Aim: Tostandardize the solution of NaoH using KHP solution or jg r nd Standardize the Naolt solution, using potassium phthalate solutis Apparatus: S0cm! bureite, pipette (20 or 25cm!) indicator, and the given solution (Nol, KHP) eonical flasks, beaker: Meitods: _. = The pipette was washed thoroughly with distilled water, after wards, itwasrinsed with the acid solution. ~ ‘The burette was washed thoroughly with distilled water followed by rinsing with hase solution ~ The burette was clamped vertically ona stand - The burette was filled with the NaoH solution using a funnel and the volume was earefillly adjusted. . ~ The lowermeniscis was read and recorded as initial volume. > Wilh the pipette, 20-25cn1' of the acid go aconical flask. - The KNP Solution was tiat Goloration was observed, lution was measured into ed with Naol! unvil a faint pink Equitation for Reaction + _Naol+ KNP— knap+ Ho Barette reading Gin" rough | Gl iain Final burette 4) 2.60 weudin | Gir" Ticktion [GaP 3 inion = 3140 = 10,50'Cm" 3‘Chentistey Practical Calculate the molarityof Naot used inthe experiment Given Vo= voluine Vb= volume a Cue cones Solution: Since conce ration = amount in mote & 1000 Volume (em) = 0.00515 1000 1000 yoove 1old = 0.0005 lino eid base=1:1 1.0005 Limals: The amount in moles Since the mole r oles of bas - Muli 1 H C=nx 1000 j,000S15'x 1000 =. V 2.50 10.30 C= 0,0 0,049m, The con METHOD 2; Using the Mole concept (Ratio Calculate the molarity of Naoh used in the experiment : Given Va = vilume of acid vsed=10,00em Vo =volume of base used = 10.50cm Ca= Concentration of acid used = 0.0513 Solution If 0,0515m of avid is in L0Q0em’, how many 0.0515M = 1000 cin’ X= em’ 103x005 ~~ 7000 = W000515 mols of acid ts ta TemSine = < Then the amount in moles of the hase = 0.00051 5mels Therefore calculaze the molarity of NaoH (the base) Af 10.50em! contains 0.0005ESmals Then 1000¢n' =x = 100 + 0.000515mots 10.50cem* = 0.049M= 0.05M =the concentration of NaoH in molarity = 0.05M What are the precautions to take while working? Small quantity of solution neiiaining in the pipette was yor forced a- Gut be The coni¢al flask wis constantly swirled as titration gradually continued c = 2-Salrops of indicator was added so.as to obtainasharp-end point, d= The funnel was removed from the burette before titration was started = The pipette was washed with watérat first then with the solution to beput into it. f = Air bubbles were avoided during titration. & ‘tsasensured that the graduated inark was not exceeded ‘he The burette was. clamped vertidally ereet so as to avoid error of parallax Errors; a.‘ Titrating with funnel on the bureite b. - Thewse ofa wrong indicator ‘€ Contaminated reagentOne _ : i od observed Leas cea Sm KHP was “standardized: 10.50cnt' of 0.049 Naoko : 10.50 om’ of 0,049 Noah was standardized by 10,00cm* of KOSI KilPsolution ‘Calculation: j. AdAsgsampleof KHP required 24.1 len’ of NaOH ofneutralization . calculate the molarity ofthe Naot. i . MassofKHP=0.432 = v lume of KHP=10.50em! Jurmays of RHP =KH(C.H.0) =30+14:96+464 =204gmol . Yiquation forreaction N#oH +KHP=Knap+ tho 6 ‘Solution: = Amountinmdles (1) =mass(ersms) = (43 Molarmass(g/ntol) = 0,002) mols Therefore, amount inmolesofKHP=0),0021mals - ‘Since the mole ration between KHP and Naol is 1:1 therefore 0.0021) KPM=0,0021Naoh This the concentration of NaoH is molarity concentration in molarity (c)=amountinmoles (a) ; Volume (Cm’) | White ¢= concentration inmolidin N=amiount ofamolgs =0),0021| mols. C=9.0021Tx100 = 211 = 0.08775m all 24h _ Therefore; the concentration of NaoH isMolarity=0.0875mn -6-‘Equation for reaction NaoH+KHP —> KNAP+H.O Solution ‘Step 2: First principle ofmole ratio/concept of KHP ‘ConcentrationofNaoH molarity Using first principle or mole ratio conceptamount in moles n = 0.00211mols Yolumeis24,11em’ Standardization of oxalic acid Given Volume of acid =7.40em ofbaseused=10cem" =1 ca Molarity of base=0.877M._ oan Therefore 0.000877NaoH will ne 0.000438Smr01es of HC05 If 7-d0em"= 0.0004385 = 0,0004385 iilize exnetly . i Therefore 1000cm*=x xa 100 xo0000305 _ 4385 . Faocm 740 = 0.0592 of Hy»C20, = 0.0592 = 0.06MM Therefore the mola 2 Ifittakes38.70ctn' 1.90emNaoh to neutralize 10. 30eny of SO, Ca=conventration ofacid tration of buse= 1.9m acid= 10.3fem Ch=con volun Vb= volume of bas: Na=2 Nhe [ Method! ¢ =Cax 1030 1 Ca=2x 19038:70 10.30 147.06 14.278 10,30 Therefore the molarity of NuoH=b4.3m Experiment Number 2 Date 19/01/2015 Title: Standardization of aracid witha tase onstandardizetion of MCland oxalic acid using NagH Aim: To standardize the solution of HCL and oxalic acid using NaoH a‘the conical flask burette until distinct pink color was obtain ‘Equation of reaction HCL +Naod + NaCl +120) (Mole tutio= | acid: base Result * Standardization of CL be Volume ofpipette= 10cm! Buretereading(em) | Rough | = | Final cence 18.78 ] 26.10 | tnitial retding 11.60) | 18.70 Volumeoracidived — /@10 | 740 Avenigevolineoracid 2:40 473047.30= 22.00 = 73cm! 3 3 Average volume of acid used=b7.330m? a Caloulite therolarity of HCL solution equation forreaction HOL+ NaoH 3Nacl + 120) Mole ratio= 1 acid base(ahiis value will be givers in thb’) Solution amount in mole of base N= oxy. = D877 10 1000 1000 ee NeOR7 = 0.00087 1000 Therefore amount in mole of base = 0,00877ui0ls Since the mote nitio of acid ba Then 0.00877 NaoH=0.000877HCL [fmolar eanventration = amalhl ih mols x 1000 Volume (eny’) 1196 Therefore concentration of HCL is 0.2m METHOD 2 ; MOLAR RATIO Caleulute the molarity of HCL solution Given Vb= Volume af base =10em Va= Volume of acti =F. 330m" Na=2Nu=7 €O= Concentration of the base = 0.0897 Since 1000em! of base = 0.0877 Then Mem! a2 -9 «of acid to base ig 1: 1 Then 0.000877 mols of Naolt =0.000877mols of HCL Therefore if 7.33cm* of HCL = 0.00087 7mols Therefore concentration af HCL. is 012M. Method ; For stantlardization of oxalic atid (fellaw thé same procedure for standardization of HCL) Equation forréaction; H,C,0,+2 Naol —Na,C,o,+ 24.0 Mole tatio =! avicl=1 base Result Buretereading (om) [Rongh J [2 jae Final readin 70 [730 [2380 | 3020 | Tritialreading [000 [0.00 |1Is40 [2280 | Volume ofacid used =| 7-40 730 [730 | 740. Average yolumegt acid = =1A04+7.40'= 14.5 =7.40emn 2.40 i= b 2 ( 2 Z tat ity of the oxalic avid Caleulate the molarity 0 jplumeofacid used=7.40em lume of base= 10cmChemistry Practigg) tion Equation Mirtle revetion: 2Nuokl + H,C,0,—Na, 6,0, +211,0 Mole ratio=2 Base=1 acid Nnyount moles of base x_v=OO08?7 x 16.477 = 0.000877 1000 1000 1000 A no XN x 3850 . 1000 )000 = 7353 it moles ofN 7 mols the moleratin avid= ba Hi=x H.C.0. i i {ly OOOD34R5 lic=n 10 he molarity of HK. 5 10592 =O.00U4385 x 1000 Therefore. them 9=(). (Nore Precaution: Same i experiment one Conclusion . of0,877m Noall will standardize 7.33 om! of 0.1m HEL and 740 ein! of 0.06iyoxalieacie Exercise ar25ss ery of fe4 pind Ihat'25,59 <1 B In stiiddrdizing NaoH solution, atUsent OM base noutriti di ict ‘i ascent of 0.12MCL., find themalurity of nie Neutralized exactly 21.35 cnt of Naolt . -Wt-Amountofacid=c_x_y= 0.12 x 21.35= 2.562 1000 1000 1000 Therefore amount of HCL=0.002562mols Sinceratio ofacid=base=1;1 ‘Then exactly 0,0002562 mols of HEL will be needed to neutralize 6,002562imols of NaoH v =1,002562 x 1000=2.5 20:85 5.55 Theretoretheconcentrlionof ‘NaoH in Molarity=0.10 Experiment: Number 3 Date: 19/01/2015 Title: determination ofamount ofaspirin inaspirin tablet Aim: (o determine the amount ofaspirin in each tablet Apparatus: aspirin tablet, burette, conical flask, beaker ‘Procedure: - The burette was rinsed twice with few cm’ of standard Nao solution, and then it was filled to the zero-mark and then drained to. the appropriate level = _ Je aspirin tablet was dissolved in'S0cny of distilled water ina 25(em conical Mask ~ The solution was heated toabour90'ct9 aid dissolution ofthe taller, The solution was cooled and 3 drops of phenolphthates StasCheney Heat Btsiigte wis then eiried cat ayainit Naot! in ty Surette, aati) a distinet pink coloration wasuhserved Exjuution for thereacthon Restilt Hi (unt) rendlith [" Toulinge rea’ ral | 1.00 rH Equation for the reaction o.GUIF x Iso Therefore tre ano 79x |U0U= 31! METHOD 2; MOLE RATIO Given Wb= volume of Naoli=12. 95cm ob= 0.09656 Molar pass of aspitin = 180gem0L =13-Te Thevefore the amount of aspirin in the tablet is 0, 137g, the-amat aspirin in milligram is C137 X 1000 =311,7mg Precaution; Sameas experiment one Sources oferror: conclusion The amount ofaspirin inthe tabletsis 311 76mg Exercise 2; CH,COOH +NaoH—CH CGONa' + N.O Moleratio= | acid: | base Given Vb=volumeofNuol = 33cu" Ch=concentration of Noal=O:lm Solution Heo xy = OJ x 33= 33 = 0.0033 1000, Lon0 1000 Amount of moles ofNaol=0.0033imels - Since male ratio of'acid: base= 1:1 Then 0.0033mols Naoll will exactly neutralize -A:003Smants of CH.CHOOH ‘Molarimass of CH\CHOOH 7 14 79.1987 100 5 1 a. density =S_ - volume density, of CH;CHOO= 1,005gem"* pe # 1000 _ bovsa 51000 _ 33 4675 v ais70, = G.3970 the concentration of CH,CHOOH = 16,75m . HEL + NaHCO -—-Nac] Hs0 +16.75 mole ratio of acid : base =1<1 $3 Given Va= 50cm", Ca= 0.17mi =o Xw _ O17 x 50 _ BS _ a a =, = 0.0085mi0ls = sittethemoleratio= 1:1 0.0085HEL=0.008mollsofNaHCo" ~ Molartmass ofNaHCO" 2341 +12+48=84e/mols = Mass=amountin Moles x MolarMass =0.0085 x 84 =0,714z ___ MassOfNaHCO'= 0.7148 ® $HCL+AL(OH),--ALCL, +3H,0 _- Moleratio3.acid : 1 base The number afmoles of AL(OH), =0,0085/3=0.002mols ~15-1/2 jonbat NaoH and Na, CO, To Detwrmine the aniount of NaoH and Naco,, Standard HCE, Apparatus: beuker: conical flask, burette, pipette, retorts stand “Method: = The burette was rinsed twice witha few cmd of'standard HCL, was filled with the same solution toan accurate level q The pipette was used to transfer 10cm of Naoktand Na.CO, solutios into a conical Mask, and 3 drops of phenolptithalein wasadded, = Titration was: carried ont until the solution om the flask became colorless - Thereadingwastaken = — Tothe sane solution in the conical flask, three diopofmethyl - Orange was added, and titration was continued, a Aftersome minutes titration was stopped and records were taken Result: 1320/7 [tnitial reading 0.00 00) 0,00 | Volume oF acid used | 13.00 __ [3207 [43.20 Averaxeé volume of acid used = Saree Teta =13,20 Result using methyl orange indicator Burette readings (Cm) Findlireadiny al reading: ‘Velumbiofacid == “Average volume of acit used = z B=6.30Cm he B=Neoll + HEL --= Nach +10 Where mole ratio = 1: 1 Concentration of HEL =0.0835M ‘Yohume of acid used for Neutral izing Naot (a-b_=13.20 —6.30 = 6.90em') ees 0.0833 _x690 _ 0.0005747mots 000 1000 ion Amoiint in moles of HCL = 0,0087mots 0,000575 mole OF HCL is present in 6.90em* ‘Since mole ratio of'acid = base= 1:1 0.000676 HCL = 0.000575 Naolt Concentration of Nao eee theo _v.nposrs = toon _ oss v Ww 10 C=0,0575m The concentration of Naol=0.0575M Concentration in g/din’ = Molarity x molat mass = 0.0575 x 40=2.309dm* Equation of reaction of NaCO, with HCL 2HCL + Na2CO3-2NaCh + H2+ Volume of acid used for neutralizing NazCO3 = 20 =2%6,30=12. 600m! ,00104955 Amount it males of acid =),001049moles ‘Since moleratio =2neid= I base “0.001049 = x base 2x =0,00108 x= = 0.000525 Amount itr moles of Na2CO3 = 010525M concentration in g/d” ‘© x 2000, anes 5479/10 = 0.0525 The concentition of NadCO3 = 0,0525M The toncentration in g/m! = molarity x molar mass. ‘Where molarity-of Na2CO3= 1Ndy/dn' (Coneentraition in. g/d’ “0.0525 x 0s = .565e/am?* y METHOD 2; male ratio a Given If 1000em? contains 0.0833 mols ‘Then 690m! = x GAiem® x 0.0833n!s Xs ‘10bD. 6.005747 mots ems? oo = 0.00038 7mols Therefore amount in mols. of HCL = 0.00057mols the concentration of NioH ‘A0cin’ of NaoH = 0.00087 mols~ pquation of reaction 1000em' = 0.0833mols m =x 60 x0,00833 _ cs po ES ee rl ‘Amount in mols of acid = 0.001049mols Since mole ratio of acid to base = 2: 1 na 22 ea 9.001049mols_ 2 came. a The Nb = 220"? — 9,00052479 Therefore amount in mols of NazCO; = 0.00052479 If 10cm? of NaoH contains 0.00052479 1000cm* = x pee wooomoionns2479 0.52479 _ 9.9525M ~~ 10 “10 Imol of Na,CO3 = 106g Then 0.0525M = x X= 0,0525M x 106 =5,565¢/dm* Therefore the concentration of NaxCO3 in g/dm* is 5.565g/dm° Precaution: Same as experiment one Source of error; same as experiment one etestasion: the amount in NaoH and Na2CO3 present in 1dm’ of the lution Was found to be 2,30g and 5.57g respectively Exercise ; 1, Equation for the reaction -19-et molarity of HCL =xM Volume of HCL in Vxy = Vem! Volume of Na2C03 in ‘Vxy = Vem? Mole ration of Cid: base = 2: x---1000cm' Q~Vem’ a Tooo ~ 2umber of mole of HCL in Vem? From equation of reaction 1 mole of Na2CO3 net ze 2 moles of HCL Rmole (Na2CO3) HCI 2KMn04 + Experiment Number § 5Na2S406 + § Date: 19/01/2015 ~ Given Title: r S,0. Molar concer Aim: To standardize K s Na,S Volume of N Apparatus: ( easuring cylinder, Procedure dard Na,S,0, 1 10x=2x flask usinga iene ¢ ae . ¢ were added and nx 10 ae : 10cm’ o of potassium the bubbling had ‘Therefore stopped. Precauti . The solution was allowed t nutes in dark place. Source o d with sodium thiosulphate solution ‘ re had a faint yellow colour, then about 3em of the starch indicator was added,Tnitial reading Volume of acid used Average volume of Na2S203 = Equation for the reactions: 2KMn04 + 10 KI + 8H2S04-—Sls +6k2S0, +2 MnSO4 +810 2Na2S203 + 12 --- 2Nal +Na28406 2KMnO4 + 10Na2S203 + 512 + 10kl + 8H2S04 —10Nal + 5Na2S406 + 5]; + 6K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + SH:O. 19.270 +19:041990 49 30cm" 3 Given A Molar concentration of Na2S203 = 0.0429 Mol/dm’ Volume of Na2S203 = 19.80em? Volume of KMn04 = 10cm? Concentration of KMnO: . exp _ 00429 x 1940 _ Since n 1000 caer aCORiaia 0.000849 Amount of moles of Na2CO3= SKMn0O4 0,000849 = x 10x =2 x 0,000849 xe 2A0000F — 0.0001 69mals nx 1000 _ roe Therefore, concentration of KMnO4 = 0.017M 900169 x 1000 _ 1 «169 10 Precautions; same as experiment one Source of error: Same as experiment one Conclusion 10cm’ of 0.017MKmn04 was standardized by 19.80cm’ of 00429M. NaS20: 3 -21-£28203 =26 0em" quation for first reaction 2KMn04 + 10KI +8H2S04 -Sl; =6K2S04 + 2MnSO4 + 8H;0 Calculating the amount of moles of KMnO4 exv _ 002 x 25 PF soo 1000 = 0.0005mols from the equation of reaction 2KMn04 = 10k1 0,0005mols= x mols 2x = 10 x 0.0005 = 10 x 0.00052/2 = 0.0025mols Therefore the amount in mols of KI= 0.0025 The equation of reaction between KI and Na2S203 2Na2S203 + 1) --- 2Nal + Na2S406 The mole ratio between Na2S203 and 12 = 2:1 2Na2S203 = 11> X mols = 0.0025mols X= 2x 0,0025 =b 0.05mols Calculating the molarity of Na2S203 NARI = O05 £1000 _ 0.199 v - The molarity of Na,S,0; = 0.19M ction Half + 8H" + 50°-- Mn?* + 41,0 +101 --2Mn** + 51, + 8H,0 +10r Abwt ratio n=KMn0O4 ; Na2SO3 If 1000em* Na2S203 contains moles V Na2S203 contains X Moles VNNa2S203 = 3203 Mw 1000 But from the mole ration ‘The mole of Kmn04 = 808203 xt 1000 3 vNaa2so3_xM 10005 Since 10em’ of KMn04 contains xe sono xvva2s203 100% 5x10 Therefore x = Molarity of KMnO4 Mna2s203 x VNa25203 MKMn04 = 5 x10 Experiment Number 6 Date: 19/01/2015 Title: Standardization of potassium permanganate using standard oxalic acid Aim: standardize KMNO4 usin Apparatus used: Burette. pipette, conical fl oxalic acid ask, reagents, beaker Procedure ch had previous! peing diluted with distilled dard NaoH, adding 3 10cm’ of oxalic acid which was water of about 50cm drops of Phenolpht ple of oxalic acid until - The experiment was rey at least two titrations within 0.24c - To 10cm’ of oxalic acid solution, H2S04 was added and heated to about 60'c-80'¢ The mixture was titrated w ith KMnO4 solution to be standardized until istilled water, 15em’ of itretained a permanent faint pink colour. Titration was repeated for consistency. -23-The New Essentials of Universit ity Practicals Burette readings (em ) Final reading | Initial reading Volume of acid ux . 162041630 _ 3257 Average titre value Se 15. 25cm! 2 Equation for the reaction 2NaoH + N2C2C04~ Na2C204 + 2H2HO Mole ration= 2base: | acid Given Concentration of NaoH= 0.06454 Volume of NaoH = 16,25em> =o XY _ 00645 x 16.25 1000 4 tooo ~ 0-00105mols amount in moles of NaoH = 0.00105mols Since, the mole ratio of base : acid = 2: | 2NaoH = 1H2C204 x = 0.00105 0.00105 = X = 0.00105/ 2 = 0.000524mols Calculating the molarity of N2C204 eee EOEZB TANI 052, | 9 aco v 10 10 concentration of H2C204 = 0.052M | Burette reading (em) _ | Ist titration 2" an Final reading | 18.60 18.40 18.30 Initial reading 0.00 0.00 | 0.00 Volume of acid used 18.60 18.40 18.30 -24-Chemistry Practical Equation for the reaction 2KMn O4 + SH3C,0, + 3H,SO,~ K2SO4 + 2Mn$O, + 2KMnO 4+ 10C02 + 8H,0 Result reaction MnO, -- Mn™ MnO, -- Mn?” 41,0 MnO, + 8H” --~ Mn™ + 41,0 w, Multiplying reaction (1) x 2 2MnO4 + 16H” +10e" -- 2Mn** + 8H;0 20,7 -- CO, €20,7 -- 2CO3+ Q) Multiplying reaction (2) by 5 5C203* -- 10CO2 + 10e" Adding up the two reaction 2Mn04 + 16H Qe SC204 --- 2Mn’ 8H,0 + 10CO,; 10e eliminating the electrons 2Mn04 6! + 5,0. h 8H,0 + 106 Mole rati Mn Given Concentrati ( Volume of H Jerm Therefore amount Since the m 2KMnO04 X mols = 0.000524mols -2 x 0.000524mols x 2 x 0.000524 _ 9.902096 “ -25-Source of Errors: Same as experiment one Precaution: Same as experiment one Conclusion: 10cm} of 0.01142MKn04 was standardized by 10cm? of 0052M oxalic acid Exercise: Given Volume of NaoH= 7.50cm’, volume of H2C204= 10cm concentration of Naoh = NacH= 0.04M, volume of KMO4= 16.30 Equation for first reaction 2NaoH + H2C204 — Na2C204 + 2H20. Calculating the amount in mole of Noah c xv _ 040 x 7.50 3 N= partied X_ 750 DOG Fa00 ST GooeLE 0.003mols Since the mole ratio is 2NaoH = 1H2C204 0003NaoH = H2C204 2x=0.003 X=0.003/2 = 0.0015mols Amount in moles of H2C204 =0.0015mols. Equation for the 2" reaction 2KMnO4 + SH3C304 + 3H2S0, --- K2SO4 + ae \CO, + SHO meex=22248 — 0.0016 Therefore, amount in moles of KMn04 = 0.000Smols Calculating the concentration of KMnO4 C= RH 1000 _ 0.006 x 1000 7 16.30 = 0.0368 Concentration of KMn04 =0.0368 Experiment Number 7 f Date: 19/01/2015 Title: Standardization of fe (ji) using standard KMnO4 Aim: To standardize fe(ii) solution using standard solution of KMnO4 Method: : = 10cm’ of oxalic acid was added with 75cm’ distilled water and 15em of 2m H2S04 and heated to about 60-80" - The mixture was titrated against KMnO4 _ Tron(ii) solution was transferred into conical flask using pipette and then diluted to about 80cm’ with distilled water and 20cm’ of 2MH2S04 was added - The cold solution of iron (ti) was titrated with KMnO4 until a faint pink colour is obtained permanent ted for consistence - The titration was rep i— 13] Burcite readings (em) | 1" Titration | | | nitial reading | 0.00 | 10 00° | 0.00 | Final reading ey nk 9.00. | 9.90 Volume of acid used | 10 00 | 9.90 | 9.90 | eee 9.90+9.90 _ 19.80 3 Average volume of acid used =~ =~ 9.90cem" Equation of the reaction 5H.C,0; + 2KMnO, +16H" -- 2Mn*” + 10CO; + 8H;0 oncor --2CO; (reduction) MnO," + 8H* + Se" -- Mn? + 4H;0 w.scsseeseereeee Multipl y reaction (1) x 2 2MnO,' + 16H* + 10e" -- 2Mn?* + 8H,0 C07 -CO, €20,? -- 2CO, + 2¢° €20,* --10CO, + 10e" Adding up the two reactions 2MnO; +16H" + 10e" +5C20,” + 2Mn”* + 8H20 + 10CO2 Overall reaction 2MnO, + 5C20,?+ 16H" --- 2Mn** 10C, + 8H,0 Mole ratio 2: 5 Given Volume of oxalic acid =10cm? Concentration of oxalic acid =0.0499 cx v _ 0.0499 x10 1000 1000 Amount in mole = = 0.00499 Amount in moles of oxalic acid = 0.0004999mols Since mole ratio is 2MnO, = 5C20,7" xMnO, = 0.000499 C20," 5x=2 x 0.000499 x5 50.0008 = 0.000196 therefore amount in moles of KMnO4 = 0,0002mols calculating the concentration of KMnO4 A_x 1000 _ 10.0002 x 1000 eee) 000241000 _ = am 0.0202 Concentration of KMnO4 = 0.0202M -28-Volume of acid used Pee es volume of KMn04 used = 2222 ore 2 2 Equation for the reaction MnO, + 5fe?* +8H*-- Mn?" + 5fe** + 4420 Ionically MnO, + fe* -- Mn** + fe** MnOg --- Mn”* (oxidation) fe?" --- fe** (reuction) MnO, -- Mn? + 4130 MnOy +8H*-- Mn + 4H20.......e-s-seereeteeee (1) 5fe** --- 5fe™* + 53° Overall reaction MnO, + Sfe?* +8H"-- Mn? + 5fe* + 4H,0 Mole ration = 1: 5 Given Concentration of KMn04 = 0.0202M Volume of KMn04=5 80cm’ v 0.0202 x 5.80 acxy _ 00202 X58 — 0,000117mols 1000 1000 amount of mole of KMn04 = 0.00011 7mols the mole ratio = 1KMnO4= 5fe** nF since 0,000117= x fe’ x=0.00117 x 5= 0.00585mols amount in mole of fe~* 0.000585mols -29-v Concentration of fe”* = 0.0585M Source of Error: Same as experiment one Precaution: Same as experiment one Conclusion: 10cm’ of 0.0585M iron (u) solution was standardize by 5.80cm' of 0.0202M KMnO4 Exercise: Given Mass of ferrous sulphate crystals = 4.88¢ Volume of feS04 x H20 = 10cm? Concentration of KMn04 = 0.02M A molarity x volume Amount in moles of KMn04=——— 555, 1000 0.02 x 7.02 = eT = 0.0001404mole 1000 Equation for the reaction KMn0O, + 5fe’* +8H’-- Mn** + 5fe*’ + 4H,0 Since mole ratio is 1KMn04 = Sfe™ 0.0001404 KMn04 =xfe* X= 0,0001404 x 5 = 0.000702mol Concentration of feSO4 x H20 = 2200702 1000 = 0.0702M ik Mass of feS04 x H20 = 2 x 12 — 19599 nx 1000 = nonsas 1000 _ 9.9585 Mass of feSO,= sly Senta =0.0702 x 152 = 10.67 If 19.52 = 152+ x 10.64 = 152 19.52 x 152 = 10.67 x 152 +x 152 4x = tee =278, 0.73 X= 278.857-152 =126.073‘Amount in moles of KMn04 = 0. 00018! mols Equation for the reaction KMnO, + 5fe™* +8H*-- Mn” + Sfe** + 4H20 ‘Since mole ratio is IMnO4" = 5fe™” 0,000181=xfe* X=5 x 0,000181 = 0.009072 Amount in moles of Fe” = 0.0009072mols Calculating the molarity of fe” 0009072 x 1000 _ 9 oq Weight of feS04 = 0,09072 x 152 = 13.79e/ém* Weight of feSO4.7H20= 0.09072 x 244 = 22.1368/dm* Zine amalgam = 2n’*/ He™* ‘Amount in mole of KMn04 = 2222 = 0,00192mols (3) 2KMnO, + SH3C204 +15H"-- Ni + 10CO, + 8H:0 KMnO, + Sfe* +8H*-- Mn + 5fe°” + 4H20 Derivation of the formula for calculating the molarity of iron (u) solution MMn04 = Known Mfe**= unknown Vfe""= 10cm’ VmNO4= 5.80cm’ ic. titre value MMn04 --- 1000cm* X-— 5.80cm’ _ Mn04 x 5.80 3 X= ain (mole in dm’) Form the equation of reaction Imole MnO4 =5fe*" MMn04 x 5 x 5.80 Therefore y = Fa Where 5.80cm" = VmNO4 10cm’ = vfe™* -31-_ Title: standardization of oxalate using standard KMn04 Aim: to standardize oxalate using standard Kmn04 solution Apparatus: Pipette, burette, retort stand .......++ Procedure: D 10cm ‘of oxalate was transferred into a conical flask and diluted 85cm’ with distilled water, 15cm’ of _2MH,SO, was added to solution and heated to about 70'c P KMn0, was titrated against the hot solution until a permanent fain pink colour was obtained - Titration was repeated for consistency Result Burette reading (em) | 1" titration | 2” 37] Final reading 9.50 18.90 | 9.40 Initial reading 0.00 9.50 | 0.00 Volume of acidused | 9.50 9.40 | 9.40 Average volume of KMnO4 used = “#242 = 280 Equation for the reaction Oxidation half-cell equation 04, -- CO, Cs04y == 2COz + 20 os erreeeeees (1) Reduction half—cell equation MnO, --- Mn®* MnO, --- Mn®* +4H,0 KMnOy' --- 8H*+ Se’ --- Mn** + 4H,0........0..44 (2) Multiply equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 2 5C,04; --- 10CO2 + 10e 2MnO, --- 16H" +10¢" --- 2Mn** + 8H,0 <32-‘Molatity of KMnO4 = 0.0206M Volume of KMn0O4 = 9.40cm? ‘Amount in mole of KMn04 = ™lerity x volume 1000 206 x 8.40 ar = 0.00019364 Since the mole ratio of C;0,° = 2 224 2 = 0.00481 mols 0.000485 x 1000 Molarity of oxalate = a 0.0484M Source of error: Same as in experiment one Precautions: Same as in experiment one Conclusion: 10cm? of 0.0484M oxalate was standardized by 9 40cm* of 0.0206MKnO4 Exercise: ) , 5C,0¢° + 2MnOg -- 16H" --- 2Mn** +CO) + 820 Expression for the calculation of concentration of oxalate solution amount in moles of oxalate = Sxamount in moles of KMn04 -33-i nO4 = 42.44om? quation for the reaction AS! + 2 MnO, — 16H" --- 2Mn?* +CO; + 8120 Calculating the amount in moles of AS203 Where molar mass = 197.8 _ 022 Jorg ~ 9-001 moles Calculating the concentration of KMnO4 000 _ 0.0111 x 1000 Kens erage 020M v The molarity of KMn04 = 0.026M