TITLE: air flow detecter circuit.

Collage: government polytechnic ahmadnagr

Subject: basic electric and electronic engineering [BEE]
Subject code:22310
Semester: third 3
Acadmic year: 2021-2022

Aim: To study of air flow diecter circuit, circuit digrame,working process and
use of circuit.

Outcome of project:
we study about air flow ditecter circuit.
How air flow detecter circuit is work.
What is uses of air flow detecter circuit.

Skills:
leadership skills
,communication skill.

Roll Name of student Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total out of 10
no. performance in performance in
group activity oral presentation
[D5 col.8] [D5 col.9]

04 AURANGE YASH SACHIN

35 GULWANE YASH VIJAY

36 GUNJAL ANJALI GANESH

37 GUNJAL TEJAS
DNYANESHWAR
65 MARATHE JYOTI BALASAHEB
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
AHMEDNAGAR
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that following group of students from third Semester of Diploma in
MECHANICAL Engineering Government Polytechnic, Ahmednagar Institute
(Institute Code :0130) has completed the micro-project entitled AIR FLOW
DETECTOR CIRCUIT Satisfactorily in the Subject BASIC ELECTRIC AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (Subject Code:22310 ) for the Academic Year
2021 to 2202

Sr. No. Roll no Enrollment no. Exam Seat no Name of student

1 04 2001300402 AURANGE YASH

SACHIN
2 35 2001300434 GULWANE YASH
VIJAY
3 36 2001300435 GUNJAL ANJALI
GANESH
4 37 2001300436 GUNJAL TEJAS
DNYANESHWAR
5 65 2001300529 MARATHE JYOTI
BALASAHEB

Micro project Guide Head of the Department Principal

SEAL
 TITLE: AIR FLOW DETECTER CIRCUIT

AIM:
To study of air flow diecter circuit digrame and use of
circuit.

★ What Is Air Flow Detector Circuit:

Air flow detector circuit is widely used in many appliances, as

it provides a visual indication of the rate at which air is flowing.
Wherever it is necessary to detect the rate of air flow or presence
of air this circuit is used, as this provides a clear picture of air in a
given space.
The most common example of air flow detector circuit is engines.
This circuit is used in engines to get the estimate of air flow within
it, so that we may get to know how much more fuel we need to add
to it for its proper functioning.
★ Theory Behind Air Flow Detector Circuit:

The basic theory behind this circuit involves knowledge about

three basic parts- Voltage Regulator using Zener Diode, Resistance
Temperature detector and a timer circuit.

★ Principle Of Air Flow Detector Circuit

This circuit basically works on a simple principle in which the

basic component which is used for detection is resistance
temperature detector.
The two main components on which circuit works are as follows:
Air present in the given space work as an insulator
Variation that occurs in resistance with temperature
If you are using an incandescent bulb, then its filament works as
the sensing part of the air flow detector circuit. The proper
functioning of this filament is necessary for correct detection.
So, if suppose there is no air flow then we will see high resistance in
the filament.
And, if there is any air flow in a particular space, then the resistance
of the filament will begin to drop. The reason behind this is that
when the air is present, it removes some of the heat that is
generated in the filament and as a result the resistance drops.
The circuit is incomplete without the zener diode, as this diode
works as a voltage regulator in the circuit. And, it is recommended
to use the proper zener diode as without a proper one the
efficiency of the circuit can be affected in heavy loads.

★ The important components of the circuit are as

follows:

❖ LED bulb
❖ Resistances
❖ Battery
❖ Air flow detector
❖ 555 IC (Integrated Circuit)

★ Circuit Components:
• V1 = 12 V
• R1 = 38 Ohms
• D1= 4.7 V Zener diode, 1N4732
• R2 = 100 Ohms
• Rx = HEL-700 platinum RTD
• R3 = 10K
• C2 = 1uF
• C1= 0.01 uF
 • LED = 5V, Green LED
• IC = 555 Timer

★ DIAGRAM:

Air Flow Detector Circuit Diagram:

1]

2]
★ Air Flow Detection Circuit Design:

This circuit is designed to provide a constant current input to

the RTD so that it is heated slightly at the beginning. The RTD
selected here is HEL-700 platinum RTD, which works at a maximum
operating current of 2 mA. Here we are using a Zener Diode as a
voltage regulator to provide a constant current to the RTD.
To design a Zener voltage regulator, we need to first select the
Zener diode. Here a Zener diode with Vz = 4.7V is selected. Since
input voltage is 12V and required output current is 2mA, we select
a load resistance of 100 Ohms, so that maximum current flows
through the load and only a small amount of current flows through
the RTD. The input resistance selected is given by (Vin-Vz)/(Iz+IL)
and is equal to 38 Ohms. Here a 38 Ohms resistor is used as the
input resistor.
The next step requires design of timer monostable multi vibrator.
Here the timer is used to provide biasing voltage to the LED, which
is about 5V. The LED is required to glow as the voltage across the
RTD decreases. Here we select a resistor of 10K and an electrolyte
capacitor of 1uF. A ceramic capacitor of 0.01uF is used to connect
the control pin to ground.

★Air Flow Detector Circuit Operation[working

process]:

This circuit is operated using a 12V battery. The battery

voltage is regulated using the Zener diode, which produces a
constant voltage. Initially as current flows through the RTD, it gets
heated up and its temperature increases, thereby increasing its
resistance. Now as current is constant, the voltage across the
resistance also tends to increase. When this voltage is applied to
the trigger pin of the timer, it fails to trigger the timer and the LED
is in off condition. Now as air flows over the RTD, it starts cooling.
This reduces the temperature of the device. As the temperature
reduces, the resistance also reduces and so does the voltage across
the device. As this voltage reduces below a certain point, the timer
gets triggered and the LED starts blinking. As voltage falls further,
indicating fall of temperature, the LED starts glowing with full
intensity. This indicates the flow the air.

★ Working Of Air Flow Detector Circuit

In spite of having a difficult function, the working of the circuit is

quite easy.
• The current will flow through the resistor
• The resistor will get heated up, as the current flows through it
• Air will pass through the resistance temperature detector
• Air works as the insulator, so the resistor will cool down a bit
• As a result, resistance will start to fall
• And, the resistance temperature detector will witness the
decrease in the voltage flowing across through it
• The resulted variation in the voltage will be estimated
through a timer circuit which is attached in the detector
circuit
 • And, this provides a clear indication of air flow in the engine
with the help of this circuit
• The brightness which is the output result varies proportionally
to the air flow across it
So, this is how the complete circuit works and detects the air flow
for various appliances and systems.

★ Use of air flow ditecter circuit:

The most common example of air flow detector circuit

is engines. This circuit is used in engines to get the estimate of air
flow within it, so that we may get to know how much more fuel we
need to add to it for its proper functioning.

★ Application Of Air Flow Detector Circuit

• Wherever it is required to estimate the amount of fuel

present in the engine, this detector works best there. For
 example, air flow detection in car engines to know the
amount of fuel that is needed by the engine.
• The air flow detector can also be used to detect the
temperature of the circuit or it can be used as a temperature
detector circuit in various appliances.
• Devices which are based on temperature sensing also have
this detector in them. For example, a fan can have this air
flow detector circuit in it.
• It is also used in Spirometers.
• To detect the air take in the combustion engines.
• For the detection of leak in pressurized air systems.
• For the measurement of industrial gas flow.

★ Canclussion:
We study in micro project about air flow ditecter circuit
digrame,uses of circuit,how to working process of
circuit,applications of circuits.