Technology

According to Hayes (2007), technology acts as a great teaching tool for learning

new skills and enabling students to reach the “mastery phase” of skill development. It

can be used to inspire students, as it allows students to be engaged in a new different

way. Many teachers are now using tablets, smart phones and laptops to enter

assessments and store assessment data.

Moreover, use of technology has changed enriched decisively the teaching-

learning processes, methods, assessment instruments and data archiving concerning

students’ performances. Mobile technology is considered an effective way to improve

students’ skill such as positive thinking, collaborative, communication. As a result of

21st. century requirements, skills were developed to address the rising needs in higher

education which causes a shifting paradigm from the traditional methods of teaching.

(Bethany CCT 2018)

ICTS can be used for educational purposes, but they may also pose as

distractors that may tamper with the learning process. Authors: Substituting laptops for

textbooks did not make a significant difference in student learning in Honduras.

Research studies have shown providing digital content on computers has lower

marginal costs but higher fixed costs, they say.

Top available technologies for instruction were laptop computers, digital

projectors, and computer labs with internet connections and pedometers. Top perceived

barriers implementing educational technology were lack of understanding of how to

integrate technology, lack of incentives to use technology. and lack of time because of
high-stakes testing. A comparison of these results with previous research demonstrates

a rapid recent increase in school use of educational technology and underscores the

need to help physical education teachers' better use technology in their classrooms (GM

Hill, 2020).

On the other hand, mobile learning technologies as a means of maintaining

education delivery in crisis situations disruption of education services during major

crises poses a challenge for international agencies, governments, schools, and

communities. This article demonstrates a potential role for mobile technologies in

supporting continuity of education delivery during temporary school closures caused by

such crises. With proper training, teachers can integrate mobile learning tools in both

classroom activities and out-of-classroom learning (H Baytiyeh, 2019).

Participation

Student participation has become the new subject of concern for those seeking

to strengthen learning and teaching in higher education, headlining meeting agendas

and theming conferences on campuses around the world, student's ability to succeed

and the availability or involvement of a more professional instructor comes together

(Trowler, 2010).
Student Engagement

The study of student engagement cannot ignore the significant role that teachers

play in affecting engagement; in fact, what they do is a key factor in materializing

student engagement. Rich learning happens when there is a good match between these

factors: the task at hand, the student’s ability to succeed, and the availability or

presence of the instructor (Zepke et at.,2017).

Bonifacio, A. (2013). Developing information communication technology (ICT)

curriculum standards for K-12 schools in the Philippines, The Sixth

Conference of MIT’s Learning International Networks Consortium (LINC)

MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

https://linc.mit.edu/linc2013/proceedings/Session7/Session7Bonifacio.pdf

Merillo J., Domingo Precious (2019). Teachers' Perception towards the Effectives of ICT

Integration in Language Teaching: Technology in Pedagogy

available at SSRN 3442432. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?

abstract_id=3442432
Mohammed A. Alkamel A. Chouthaiwale S (2018). The use of ICT tools in English

language teaching and learning a literature review, Veda's Journal of

English Language and Literature 5 (2) 29-33

http://joell.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/29-33-THE-USE-OF-ICT-

TOOLS-IN-ENGLISH-LANGUAGE.pdf

Molnar G. (2007). New ICT tools in education-Classroom of the future project

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228568306_New_ICT_Tools_in_ \

Education-Classroom_of_the_Future_Project