Fh entibioties (be) nice ‘Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Seven Essential Oils to Control the Main Seedborne Fungi of Cucurbits ‘Marea Moumni "3, Gianfranco Romanazzi 20, ‘Kaes Meaviout 26, Olta Karo Ikbal Chae asia Naar, Lisa Pistll *®, Hajer Ben Amara, ind Mohamed BechirAllagui "© __tubmamarmgreann A) lee wpe MD) lg ei MERA Asn: sel i repent novel aematies to applistion yt agit cntl [on te Ang sooy QS mg/m pete, At n/m Lendl ent Lea ri, elas ari, Ln miei 7368 30, 9s, and 7 petals cua aun mye growth wo ee attr inthe enn il hat gt be maple for hs nifunal activity hey wer analyzed by ‘stir hk deta nl cent le showetevalyp The arian nar emenl sha einen Fla emer cenatent, whe for. Inset Daca Dh a Keymons ena loats acubisCyp cit; CCMS Soe aban 1 ntroducton CCacits are an important oun ncome for soutien the Meterranean basin, with fot production of nenly 335665) tonnes in 2018 [-Squash(Cucurt mai aa ‘Dchesner Cuca mesa Duchesne} is one of the aso cucubits grown in rpc net emperate regions. Carli spp. canbe afestes bya number fungal pathos, ype © 281 by deme ohich cn cause major economic lass [2 The may ofthe ung ar seedbore, [USur Met Sst Such as gua str light th flr symptoms) a black eo [wi rl sympa) acceance hich ae caused by Stagonsppss ccaane (Ft) Aveskamp, Gruyter &eVerkey ‘sl (qnamoxphe Phim ccc Fe) Soe synonym Didyl uo Fackel Reha, tn whith repent serious diseases hat area major constrain Io cucucitpdcion than GE hese owed! ride [>]. Nuangck ta [5] reported at esses eanaleupe can also Fach 100 eames nde conitons once fo S cucu. Alerwaialirat Fe) Kes. tthegent of esp, which sa further major factor responsible fr low cucurbit prducton, ‘Tre gens Altera alets the plant seeing, leaves sak, stems lower ne Fa ‘Yield Tomes of 50% and mote can our under weather conitions that ae sonducive to leaf spot and in particular temperatures of 25 to 2 "Casocate with 40% relative Fumi cing the day and 9% a night [i]. Many other patigens ave ben detected ‘mutts set sich 5 Fri lan [A Allein cucu (LP ride, and Alpina ceva (1011). “The most important unt ofthe sash crop i the seed, hich should be of high quality srl pathogen fe. The propagation of such seadbore fangs generally contin by chemical weatments [7215 Indeed there havelben many sts once eo trol against seedboene 5 cacuttacenen [14Ie). Sudha eta [17] repoked that sed treatment with the Dithane M5 (Manco 75% WP) Runge can re the incidence ff gummy stem light ia muskmelon crops, although this active ingredient as very refed approval for sen the Fopesn Unions ess il anes! nfs ment. {Chemica Ringside ate gener adopted for infestation disinfection, nt protstion feeds and the emerging plantlets. Hower, ese chemicals ea also cause envio ‘ental pilition dt thet high persistence in the si an water ec ofthe love ‘aderadabty (181°, Tn recent year atematves to synthetic fangicides have ben investigate de 1 the extensive sa of fngicises for plan and se treatments the problema pathogen reshtance to fungicide that his causes, and dhe teased demand fr organi nd fe Stren vegetable [20-21] Natural organic compound such as plant extracts and “scent ils ae among the enstonmental friendly iterates tot are being deve ped and tested for aningal activities against seeoene pathoges [2]. Essential Shlssmea rch souge of hoapecsum anungal plant-derived metabolites that init both fungal growth and their retton of toc metabolites [25 Te tr escent i onan erpinen-tel,LSineole, and terpnene and at, it hasshoten potent ih tition of mycin gown Peswion groincena, Pein camera, end Eyer {reine [26]. Reco and Oral 27 reported that ea ew essential il represents source Df sustainable eo iendly Botan gcd, becouse of 8 etcacy in the conta of sreorne fun Fhe gens Chup Poscoe kon ois sel ily spill For extracts of lemongrass (Combo cats (OC) Stapf. The ivi ealuation of the efetiveneer of ths een len the main sesdboene pathogens of cwcubits was ‘pari previowly 25-5 "The objectives ofthe present study wete to evaluate the inkbiory effects of seven ssn oils tha difer in hee cerscal compositions ad to determine what the most important compounds in these seven eset is might be, sng gs chremsograp hy mats spectoety(CCMS) anal 2 Results 2.1 Is Vio Lahti of Fg Gt bythe Sev Eset Os “The effects of increasing cancetztions of seven essentials om mycelial growth cof the angi A. allrtaand’Scucurhtaarin were investigated These esse ok ‘were from various soures, and ave defined ae (se Table 1} Cail, Capon cats {lemon gras; Let, amanda deat lavender): La, asunder vane Matt, Msi atria te) Ls, rus nbs ny Inu O m2, Origen jana 1/2 maya. “Ascan be sen in Figures and 2, and as summarize in Tables 2 and al of these essentials inhibited the groveth ofthese eo fungi ins dosetependent manner The [ralest inhibitory activity was shown bythe Cif essential i with 100% intation of Ice growth of both A alta and S excurhsara ached 3¢ 8 mg/m nd {09 mg/ml, respectively (Table 1) arta was generat mote sensitive to these e= entail than. acura, and at | m/e ert ls nel growth wae inhibited by 530%, 715% 682% Helo, 742s an 90% By Lh, Mal,© tad Omi espestivty Table 2. At the same sent ol concentration, Sc respectively (Table 3). The positive control ofthe fungicide combination of 25 g/L difero= Conszoe pls 35 /Licenonl completely inhibited the myceal growth of ler 05, and 1 mg/ml inhibited the myceial growth by 73.7%, 849%, and 86.7%, respectively. Tn addition, the Cif exsntal oil had a fungal fet agaist S excrblacarum 0 mg/ml, an its fungal from 8 mg/L Table). These dat show tat he Ct had poten antifungal act ty agaist A. leat and 8, ccc with ales of O31 mm an mm pce ge Tec Le 1 ales om 473 g/t 0893 g/ml, a sary against crac, ning active against both A rats and curtain, a sen by i elatvey igh Io valis 01310 gat and 1248 ng/L, specie (Figure <7 Fanily Comma Ree eaetet Oe OO , ahaa“Table2 Myce goth inition of Aer ater the een esta ol CeCe aso, Laon ett Lt Las hr Mal, =a Ti oa Go Ar ta (a rng na OF Cnc a the a) ABGky BSEU2 ERIN Malis SSL SHIM SHI Gans Sens “able. myc growth inion of Stompers cca the seven sel ot, Col, my ra: Las doa ig, ale yi Mal, iu tee Laur Orsi 0.2, Orion mara 1/2 ater? Saye of mtn 3122 42°C meal Toit of el Gon of tsps sian Ol nein Enna Oi Cement a the bm Satan fiwitm ualin fiwiie Balsa Bali Quiog anion SEG ter Rtwu :t il il © eonntncnnen j- oe ‘sal, “ia ll i (Cat Lt Lb Math Oa Figure. Inhtitaryconcetation lor 50 recon Cy) feet goth era alte {Adan Stagomnprpt cca ( bythe seven esta Ct, Copp ats [on Larosa rie tal, Mates ari Lio Lar bie ‘nd om, Origin mapa 172, Data wth Sie ltrs a ane sigicaly dierent Paton testi 5, ers LSD). 22, Chic Pls ofthe Essential Oe ‘The component given in Table Swen etfs comprising rom 9.7% (Om) o 100% (Lil of hese esental is. The oxygenated monoterpenes donated ial he essential oils even though these belonged ociferent pla families ane species. “They epresents more than two-thitds ofthe faction in theo the our Lance Loe (811%): Ly 603%), and O.mn2 (688%). The oxygenated monoterpenes were also the highest proportionally in Csi ($854) and Linsb @D3%) On the other hand, the com Penitons of Matt and Oruyl were divided mainly between onygenated monoterpenes $sthemain clas (81%, 49.7%, wespectively) and monoterpene hydrocarbons in tie Proportions (404% 63%, respectively). In more det, Co showed sect (geranial Bia) and Pcl (neral260%), whereby these wo major oxygenated monoterpenes represented together aver three-quarters ofthe ttl empeitin.n the Lis, almost tworthindof Lt was eucalypt (635) and fsclinne (4.2). Intent tal com Pelton of Oma! acd Os? nlc around half and over wo-Nds sterpenen-ol (648%) and peymene (68.28), rspctvly followed hy erpinen (126) for Oa and Seterpineot (54%) or Oma? Forte two commercial essen ls, the main compounds {Li were nalol (337%) and inal acetate 27), allowed by camphor 3), ‘hile Mal showed terpinen-ol (11%) a8 8% oft mygenatd monoterpene, with >-tepinene (160), pesmene ©.) and atrpinene (1s), together representing 75% ‘or the moaoterpene hydrocarbons. aly, re than al ofthe denied fachons the Lauran cere characterized bythe ombinaion of esl 29%) and erp seca (102%)“able. Relate leo th vate sonst ofthe fleet anal i determin by ga chmaloaphy-s pstmt analy ‘Compoand™ ‘Cass Linear Ree nex Folate ont ‘wathane)* dams 207° Poaene —y Myrace Lowaceae 3 Piowe aa oo a1 ae Se 3 §-Pinene mh ~ oa a lle 02 07 50 4 Pgtene mo os se Mm oom oe * Eocaptt = ee tems 18 pMontha7Sdansol en 16 25 : » penta oan aa ee eee DB pjmensel om a" Mm. as z x Cpe ™ ne 3 2 Tris om 1s to B ‘stra = 185 2 ° pel Sm i ia : = icin on a mo FS Carone on Be teas «te“able 5. Cont Compona™ ‘Cass Linear Ree nex aie ec Geatkane)” (Adam, 2077 Ponce Taince Mirtaone Caw 35 BCanophsline Sh 48 uw a 2 om 16 os os 3 Armumdendre ah 0 i : a » PStinene = i a a 38 Eemoptytine sh 182 1s » Cine h : we a © Ceyopinlwonile oe oa " a Peadesmot = 181 a Monotrpene Hyérocatons ih Se se es eer ge ae ‘Ogpenied Monceyrnes ot Cn a a ) Seoqulcrperetiyiocbons sh Soo tf mo ‘Onigenated sesquiterpene ote tae Tenypropanoi - : ae Nemterpen Dewatives a : a "a hentod oa ois eS einen talon ote cen aetna4. Discusion 1a this study these in vito assay forthe antifungal activites ofthese even esential caso eel growth oft fang shoved thatthe lemongrass (Cf) ese ol a5 the most effective: The mycelil growth of Alera eas totally inde! by appliation OF Cait aa moderate concentration, while, cuurbicanan as completly tied She highest vi concenteation, wih fungicidal activity sn in bth eases Only Fee Studies have investigated lemongrass essential oils and these ang with mot stad Focused othe een ilactiityater tan ts conspeston. Shae et al. (25] opted total inhibition of alert by a Csaba xsental ci with a Hy of 270.19 LL, 2S ako reported by Jie etal [1], In the same year, Guimares eta. [2] confrmed init fargtonie ctiity en aller, ith he essential ei chs etal 62.) and smyrcene (28%). For the wecond angus ere 5 cuca, Fit [0] reported 100% inition of mycelial growth and spre germination a arte of 20 LC caus ‘essen Seas a [25 reported the same esl e025, 15,075, 1-and 125 mg/mnL {Cats esential ol A number of ties have reported these high proportion ofthe two omers acta and Beta nC. rats eee of, even when collected fom Aiferet countries [5-57] a8 ako eondemed bythe present stad. Brager eta. (3) reported that in ition to the high propetion of cal their commercial Ccitatus ‘ental oil showed tlevant amounts of nenat--ol (65%) and camphne (3.2). These ‘so eompounds were completely alvent in the Ct essen sein the prose sty A Braeilancommeral Cts esxentia olalko indicate 9 erent composition, ‘whlch was rch in noneepencs, as expec 4.8dlmeths137-nonadien2-one (0%), THhepladee--ynyleyclopentanol (0.6%), and ?-dimelhybiycpta2-ol (2s) bere, thepropotion otal was ls than 37%, Theantiftngal stv of tas exe til hasalso been reported agunst ther fun snclading Aspergillus. This acy ‘as be anrlbed to the presence of various cocnpements sh se ctl, graniol, and Imyrcene [5740] According to some sues, cial and geranal can eed Inhibit the tnvcell growth of Far axasporun, Clltticham slcsporie,Bplaissp. and Aaterats (1,12. These major compounds i the C. cts essential ol also have fntondant and antinicrobia aces 5. Furthermore, Kurta ea [defined the Fungal action of ital a defo ts ably to reel electrons from the fungus all ‘through charge transfer with an electron donor in he cl, which rss in death the fungus In previous ste, f-myrcene and geraniol were found init essential, These ‘compounds with cal can contributed ott the mycelial growth of alert aa ‘Sceucutitacori “The cultivated lavender Lott eset ol shows eucalypt (63.5%) asthe major onspn inthe present study, which was higher than ht preousy reported fr bah ilorescences (463) an the aerial pats (404%) [5] Iranian avarin Livi) has tao ben characterized by bigh proportions of oxygsnald monoterpenes, with eucalypt (ALI) asthe main component followed by borneol @02%) an camphor 108%) All ‘ofthese components ee present in Lyin the present std, lg in ker amounts (65%, 44%, 9.9% respecte) wih the mai compenent hee being loa 03.7%) and Tina atte (2.7%). The antitnglaetivty of nao on Ca species ws rset state by Das eta 7] sho indicted he potenti of his saturated manserpene 2s ston candidate with antifungal potency. According to Pitarokl eal. [bral fectte a inctive agaist all ofthe Fn they sae, alto showed ak acti ‘gpins only Slain scrum. On the sontay, they came the antifangal eect stato, (Goo antifungal tects.on mycelia growth of Ales were an sce hee sing the Org eset os Eventhough the O. aor esses ested ete ha the same clases of conspoun shown no Brailan species shed by Chaves eal. [9], they di not show plone ae the main compouns. An lian species investigated Deis Pepa etal [3] wasn patil agreement with the present stay forthe high amount ofterpinen-fol (294%), whe a Taian oregano species werecharaterzed by simileterpnon-l content {5}, Moreover Busta etal {5] showed that an Egyptian essen tlominaneeoftexpnen 401 GL3%) and y-terpinene (13.0%). Although most studies on the composton af Origonum essential lls have agreed on the main smmpounds fom (O-rmjoene [S1-7] hen have ined varie. Te effecivnea of Crean might be de to thigh content of erpinen-tol, a manoterpee alcool hat is known to have good {nfngal activity a provoualy reported apana Fusriam avenceun,acertn mijn, Ferien ec, sla cpr dF garacree [589% i ngpiel acvty ‘wacalso reported by Morcia elf, who anal its potency on mycatoxigeni plant pathogens, However, Eban et [6] showed weak activity of ata fe esential el on ‘sori frat even though erpinen-ol was presenta elt igh level This ‘ght be explained by the sett fet mong al ofthe ilferent component neach tthe essential al “The i ales exer in the present study wae characterian by high eves of terpinen-4ol 4.1%) andy-epinene (160). These are comparable with th daa eported by Ele al [2] an Silva eta [s. In theeiwestgations of align and Bran, “ommersialesentia ci they confirmed the predominance of tepnen-t) (1.5% 48. respectively) and y-terpinene (20.6%, 228% respectively). Tey als reported relatively high level of bot acterpinene (2.6% 9%, respectively) ane aterpinel (4% 52%, respectively), hile nthe present sty these fr compounds were presen in ows [mounts (6.1%, 37%, respectively), 11s alo intresting fo nok the high proportion of prymene (9%) in the preset stad. Ina more revert sty, a-terpneol (L4) and {-cino! 4.0%) were fren eltvely high amour, together with tetpnen-Fel 302%) ‘nd'y-erpinene (169%) [Inthe present study, 1dblncl was alo presen But ala ker mount 25%) “The profilin the present study was in goo agement ith that reports By Dhisit al [cher they also showed high proportions of ow genated monoterpenes (613%, withecalypol a the main constoet (8%) nthe aa specie 4. Materials and Methods 4. Origin ofthe Essential Os ‘The lemongrass (Cymtysgon cits (OC) Stapf}, ender (aay deat sect marjram (Origa mejor Land bay lard (Las nabs L) essential os ‘were proved by iferentIboratoris (ee Table), where the died aerial pats ofthe Plants were ydradistild using a Clevenger appara, a sored by the European Pharmacopeia. The Lavan (Ls yrs ER. ex Brig and ta tree (Mac tern Mien & Batch) Chee essential wer rom Fors Sl (Lorenzan, Ps, aly. The selection ofthese escent ols wos Based nally on thee avallabity in out Iahorstory an then om the sae nthe iteaure Hat have ep in vi cis of some of thee agains pathogen growth 5-071 42, Fungo sins ‘The A. alert (GenBank acesion: MK$97774) and S. curiae (GenBank ces: MOIS) strains sed in Be preset study were lated frm nected sash Sess [1 Pre cultures were ansfen int Pet cise Sinmeter 0 mm) with potato dlextroae agar (ODA 42 g/L; Loilchom Se, Roselo chs Abuzz, lay) and incubated 342252 C with a photoperiod of 12/12 dark/ ultraviolet light (ILD 36W BLB 1SL; Pips, Dubin, ela), 43, In Vir Amin Acces on Mya Growth ‘The antifungal activites of these Ce, Ll, Ll, Comat, Om, Mal and Lad ‘osntn ilvere determined scoring to tice contact pane elects mpeg ‘altri and Scacurhtcarum For these fests, the sens were dissolved in Sterilized dsl water with 1% (0/2) Teen 20 Sigma Aldech, Stim, German),to cbtin homogeneous emulsions, The autoclaved PDA mstum (cooks! to 40=C) ha the (07,08, 09, and mg/m The native contol sas PDA containing 0.1% (2) Teen 20 ‘The postive contol Was provided by thee concenzation (01,03, mg/ml f fungicides 523 4/L dlenoconazoe pls 25 g/L huionon (Cet Eta SDF; Cambridge, UK). The PDA was mined a pore immediately into Petr dishes (ameter 90mm 20 mL), tafe ener saldfston, each plate was inoculated under asepic conditions with fmm ply of Alloa or 5. cau, taken from the egos of atively growing cultures. The experiments were cried ut a three replicates per concentration and treatment. The inoculated pate were seled with Param and incubated for? days 3221-2 Cwitha phnoperi of 12/12 hark’ ital Hight (TL-D 36 BLB TSU: Philips, Dublin Irland), The orthogonal diameters ofthe colores wee measured daily tnt te contol plates were completly cover by the mye. Mycelial rth inion ‘wascalelate sed om Egoation (0 Myce gowth nti (2) = (de ~ de] 100, 0 where dean dt epreent the mean diameter fd nyelial growth of the conta a trated nga strains respective Moreover the ca forme gosh nha of he Fung was detemied from the lier esesion between the essential concentrations te the mye gomth inhibition. Experiments er perform to differenti becom the anid an angie activites of the elevated essen concentrations ane Fang Hee, cho the com Peel nied fungal plage were ansered to fesh PDA plas to note hae viability iter? days of nchation under he sme conto. 44 Gas Chomatgrply Mas Spcromery Analysis ‘The volute constituents of each essential sere analyze by GC-MS as previously reports [They sere precened ung as chromatograph (Agilent 7908; Apert “Technologies ne, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped witha cpa clu (Age HP 5x, 30m » 0.25 mm coating thickness, 25m Agient Technologies nc, Santa Cla, (CA, USA) and angle guadrpole mae detector (Agilent 5977; Agen Tecnlogies Ine Santa Clare, CA, USA). The anata condins were a olor temperate, 229°C; transer ine temperature, 240°C; oven temperate programe rm 60°C to 2 °C 383°C min cane go, elm a mn ijection ome 1 (a HPLC irademshexane solution) split ati, 125, The ull scan acquisition parameters were 35 Follows: scan ange, 2 300 scan tne, 1.0 See supplementary materia), entiation othe consitents was based on comparisons of relent ines with those of the authentic standards, with comparison f ther ines retention indies eltve to the series of hydccarbons. Computer matching was also used against commercial {NIST 11, orn) an laboratory developed mase peta rarest fr pe stances tnt somponent of known ils against the ns spctomety iterate dat [0 45; Statin Analyse Analisis of variance was culated using SPSS (version 20 IBM, Armonk, NY USA), he data were analvaed by analysis of varanve (ANOVA) Means were compared using Fisher's ts protected lest slgnifcnt deren at < O05 Allo he rls were repeated east ital dala are means = stand eee (SE) 5. Concisions “Te management of plant diseases using natural compounds sa great and impor tant need nowadays The prevent study has demonstrated the in Vigo activities of seven ssscntial ols and ther efcacis gaint the fungi A alenaa and. cuctblacara, “Thee dats show thatthe chemical comporitons of eel ie cam afc hee anton Datactiites, These escent ols were characteriza by high proportions of oxygenatedmonoterpenes lowed by monotrpene hydrcatbons, Essent ol with cial -myrcee, ‘al geraniol ay major component, emengrans [Cl conte Use fang ot ‘ctv followed by essential ls containing terpinen-tolo inaeol (ce, marjoram TO.ma}22} tea te [Mal lvandin (Lv. Antifungal activity of een sean be scribed i india eft of major component andor ducts symone elt ot minor components Further studies are required fo determine the effect ofthese os 36 Seed treatments to evaluat thee potental preventive and curative tates Supplementary Materia The lowing re yaa ane isp a8 23/10/2041. Bre SL. Choate of Cp crt igure S.C of anal MEM GR, and MB investigation MM, GR MBA, and BN resoures MM. and ‘writing review and eting, Mit, GR MBA, BN and LP, visualization, MM. GR and Bemanaeay Informed Consent Sateen Nol appt Acknonedgmene The company FLORA ach kindly proving eset References 1. Fed and Agi Organization of the Uni Nations, FAOSTAT Dat. vibe nln: aso {ss OC acme en 2 Ober 2D, 2 Munn Ms Alag ALB: Mann, Ws Marl, S: Tho, N Romana C. Morphologi and lc Mention ‘aftore ngs Cian Cart moat Pat Ds a, 108 139-180, [esl Pe 2. Moma MiSs, Aap MBs Al: Renan, G Blak af unk (Car mace Dahon) et by ‘Staonoypnp cera prin aly.Pypha. Male, 28, 3, 81-3, ese 4. Yan XL Be tJ Zhang Me Ren RL, Yang Rap and sont detection of Dy ron by ia Ieper ampli aay: Pot Aol 26,719 Feros [aN 5. Natmgmak Aung WSuvanmarchN: Kumi J- Lanyon Fiteprt gary seman Stimson ‘Sac omcatalupein Ta Cot | Plt Pat 938, 4,3 1 [se 4 ToloigiG; Domingos, RJ Alerario In vegas: Symptoms elegy an nea mans, Bale 0, 4.260 fcr 7. Fag ESH, Sura, M.A Pato fg tsi gh ccumer san sly inition by apt of event stent a oh No Ro aM 4 81. [ome 1 Bocghoike NE Ny, Mmm determination arm app, nxn on waterloo keaton Plt Pb 396 [ote 8. Gani 8 Atri ong et spot pumpkin ely pore in North Cac ai). Now Ds ep 200, 23. [Cost] 10. Fs WN iste, BD: Popham, Coca hn range Maton miele om watrmen A.) Pi So 221 3-98 [kel 1a, Saline A Patogenia contol Meta sp the ne fe spot ite oar in a 308,94 12. faghlay N Ten Dlg Wet of fangs stones evel adh crt an per es Pot P1293 366 ese15. os Es Amol: Hinon, ML: Benger W: Walco RR Fur elas nation of maize se tan ts nl a Bat 8, 6122-88 (Cre 1. Keith A fet of proton nice appiction chal on gummy sem Bight epic an market ih of ‘esteem Pla Dis Sp 6, 256-36 feneski [Nes] 1 Keith; Doe, VB May, EAL Latin, RX. Compan fen fangs tervals co guy to gna 1 Jalan CE Pav, Tacky Batson fangs fo gummy tom ght cont on tel, Fug: Newt 12 Sua, e Naan, SR; Umesh, S; Paka HS; Sty, HS. Trasmson of sc ben incon of masta by Dilys yo tt of set tests ese isa yd. Ba. Conan 371-98 Kensal 1m Barand Mz Padgit MUS ND Pesce wc ann mssincent Pst Cove 7 39, 16-36 ton ares Kewl 20. Shit, AS; Nakayan, Bl H. The detemiaant franc petal pcan in abate ein Indo. Ft dae. [Cool 21. Antunes MDC: Covi AM The we fen io potas ey contra Fa Frag 2002 351-356, (Cot 22 SUNS Pat, Sabla AC; Dah A Uo cal aan pened pia pte spelen Ma pl es tnd 208,48, 2-2, sel 28, Dp, Ts Chale EF, MJ ilgucrs I: DacompCallin, ML; Sllnon Combined tects of postharvest trent and chitosan csingon quality of eshsut mangos (Mond ns) at TF Se Techn 201, GS Moons [Cote] 24 Manet V: Romana. Sots contol sere fungal athens of septal crops Ps Mang. SN, ro feos [sod 25. 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Ghinpetmins LUA Cute ches MAK, Varga Apu, L Conese Agu, GA: Maines Teller, MLAs Aa “ava | eb facet acy on ine poco nebo nants of enone eel ‘lapis Echrchio O157. He is 09 2 ever hed) MTs Ros, Ay Marner, dal alin Cato, RP Sant, ML eS Taanes, Wi Zann 1s Se, Iroc an pet actif Cee cats (Posen) een and terpenes tl an eran ete) ‘pint Ulva dmsaes Cop Pe B.S. [set 235. BermaeVxque Ms Gano Cina Moti Composing y asta anki dl cee sen eso core y Cryo cat, A.M 238,30, 10-16 [C) 6. Dignon RCs Allaghe, AC. Adu ES; hoenon- ours E Anfang activites of Cymbygo iaeseni i ‘Siu Apergles pce lated fom fermented ih prods of Sou Benn). F al. Hasrds Cont 208, 5807 [ester 1. Sopandan, MD: Miran, E: Matha, WAN; Elect of math om itis of ese ol hydistlatnfo Tamang Capon tae) Ee. 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