#1 3.

Comprehend and apply pertinent code provisions relative to designing, installation,

operation and maintenance of plumbing systems and its components.
4. Identify common engineering language associated with plumbing, sanitary and fire
protection systems

FLEX Course Material

• To orient students on National
University Vision and Mission,
Core Values, and Class Policies
• To introduce the principles and
practices in plumbing and
sanitary systems- its design,
installation, operation and
maintenance in buildings in
relation to the immediate
surroundings or environment.
ABUTLI1S:
• CLO 3 - 4 BUILDING UTILITIES 1

PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMS

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Cluster Chair: AR. KAOLYNE GRACE C. HILARIO
Cluster Heads
AR. EMMARIE ROSE V. CRUZ & AR. ANNIE C. PUGEDA
Cluster Members
AR. GENE LAMBERT R. GIRON AR. KAOLYNE GRACE C. HILARIO
AR. ANNIE C. PUGEDA AR. VOLTAIRE V. VITUG
 #1

Understand the 22 basic

principles and plumbing terms
Plumbing
of the National Plumbing Code
of the Philippines (NPCP) Concepts and
Principles
Definition of
Terms

NPCP – Basic Principles

NPCP Chapter 2 - Definitions

2
 #1

Understand the 22 basic

principles and plumbing terms
of the National Plumbing Code
of the Philippines

History of Plumbing
and
Definition of Terms

3
 PLUMBING TERMS (NPCP)
• PLUMBING SYSTEM - includes the water supply, liquids,
substances and other ingredients distributing pipes; and those pipes
removing them and such water, liquid, and other carried wastes; the
fixture and fixture traps; the soil, waste, and vent pipes; the house • PLUMBING – the art and technique of
drain, the foundation drain, the house sewer; the storm water installing in building the pipes, fixtures,
drainage, the drainage ejectors, all with their devices, appurtenances and other apparatuses for bringing in
and connections within or on a building, a factory, or an industry the water supply, liquids, substances
• PLUMBING FIXTURES - a receptacle which water or water wastes and/or ingredients and removing them
may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing and such, water, liquid, and other
system/approved-type installed receptacles, devices or appliances carried wastes affecting health and
• PLUMBING APPLIANCE - special class of device or equipment sanitation and hazardous to life and
intended to perform a special plumbing function property, also the pipes and fixtures
• PLUMBING APPURTENANCES - manufactured
after they have been installed, i.e. the
device/prefabricated assembly; on-the-job assembly of component
plumbing system
parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing
fixtures

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• Archaeologists discovered copper water pipes in the palace ruins of the Indus River Valley in India. (4,000 to 3,000
B.C.)

• Egyptians developed copper pipes that were used to build elaborate bathrooms inside the pyramids and intricate
irrigation and sewages systems. (2500 B.C.)

• Rainwater cisterns were developed on the island of Crete which allowed for storage of rainwater until it was needed
for drinking, washing, bathing and cooking uses. (1500 B.C.)

• Archeologists discovered the remains of an ancient plumbing system (at least 3,000 years old) on the island of Crete
at the site of an ancient palace of Knossos. This ancient plumbing system included a bathtub made out of hard pottery
that looked similar to the shape of a cast-iron bathtub of late 19th-Century America. There was also evidence of a
water closet with a seat and crude flushing device. (1000 B.C.)

• The Romans were some of the most advanced in ancient plumbing systems. Out of the Roman Empire aqueducts
were developed as well as underground sewer systems, public and private baths, lead and bronze water piping
systems, and marble fixtures with gold and silver fittings. The Romans utilized lead pipes, which at the time made vast
improvements in sanitary conditions. (500 B.C. to A.D. 455)

• For the first time, iron pipe was installed in Siegerland, Germany. German craftsmen had learned how to build fires hot
enough to melt iron and pour it into castings to make hollow pipe. (1455)

• Sir John Harington, godson to Queen Elizabeth, invented the first flushing water closet. (1596)

• In Versailles, France, King Louis XIV ordered construction of a cast-iron main plumbing line.

4
 DEFINITION OF GENERAL TERMS - NPCP
• ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY - administer /enforce NPCP
• PLUMBING OFFICIAL - Administrative Authority
• MASTER PLUMBER - Registered and Licensed Master Plumber (RLMP)
• Terms associated with
• BUILDING - structure built
• FLOOR AREA - exclusive of vent shafts and courts
buildings/structures to understand the
• STOREY - that portion between the upper surface of any floor and upper interrelationship of the architectural
surface of floor next above spaces with plumbing utility spaces
• HEIGHT OF BUILDING - from “Grade Line” to highest point of coping

• COMMON - installed to serve more than 1 appliance, fixture, building or

system

• COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION - burn at temperature of 756ºC or less

• CONFINED SPACE - volume less than 1.4 cu.m
• UNCONFINED SPACE - volume equal to at least 1.4 cu.m of fuel-burning
appliance

• CHASE - vertical shaft (pipe stacks)

• COURT - open, unoccupied space
• SHAFT - vertical opening (elevators, dumbwaiter; air well)

• ROUGHING-IN - plumbing work before the settling of the fixtures, or

finishing

PLUMBING SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN & PLUMBING DESIGN

• 3 ZONES OF A HOUSE
1. ACTIVE ZONE (Living, Dining)
2. QUIET/PRIVATE ZONE (Bedroom)
3. SERVICE ZONE (Carport, Kitchen, Common T&B,
Maid’s Room, Laundry/Drying Area)

• ORIENTATION
1. ACTIVE ZONE (East, Southeast, South)
2. QUIET/PRIVATE ZONE (North, Northeast, East)
3. SERVICE ZONE (South, Southwest, WEST)

5
 #1

Understand the 22 basic

principles and plumbing terms
of the National Plumbing Code
of the Philippines

Basic Principles of
Plumbing

GUIDELINES
in the proper design and
installation of
Plumbing Systems

6
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING
• All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use
shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water,
neither connected with unsafe water supplies nor subject to the
hazards of backflow or back siphonage. • GUIDELINES in the proper design and
installation of Plumbing Systems
• Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied
with water in sufficient volume and at pressures adequate to
enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise
under all normal conditions of use.

• Plumbing fixtures shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
• Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and stored as prevent dangers from explosion through
overheating.

• Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises
abutting a street, alley or easement in which there is a public sewer shall have a connection with a sewer.
• Every family dwelling unit on premises on a sewer or with a private sewage disposal system shall have at least, one
water closet and one kitchen-type sink. It is further recommended that a lavatory and a bathtub or shower shall be
installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.

• Plumbing fixtures shall be made smooth, non-absorbent material, shall be free from concealed fouling surfaces and
shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
• The drainage shall be designed, constructed and maintained so as to guard against fouling, deposit of solids and
clogging, and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned

• The piping of the plumbing system shall be durable material, free from defective workmanship, and so designed and
constructed as to give satisfactory services for its reasonable expected life.
• Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water seal trap.

• The drainage system shall be designed to provide an adequate circulation of air in all pipes with no danger of
siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under conditions of ordinary use.

• Each vent terminal shall extend to the outer air and be so installed as to minimize the possibilities of clogging and the
return of foul air to the building.

• The plumbing system shall be subjected to such tests as will effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the work
• No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixture, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly
with the sewage disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system.

• Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods, and similar materials by
backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building
drainage system.
• No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment that is not properly lighted and ventilated.

7
TOPIC for next meeting
Fundamentals of Water Supply System:
• Sources and uses of water;
• Physical, chemical and biological properties of water; • WATER SOURCE
• Water treatment methods; • WATER STORAGE
• Water storage and distribution systems (Hot and Cold Water)
• NPCP Chapter 6 – Water Supply and Distribution • WATER SUPPLY

HOMEWORK No. 1
1. Get a Filipino floor plan of a Two-Storey Residence to be submitted on Week 2 for checking
2. Get a copy of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (NPCP)
3. READ: NPCP Chapter 2 – Definitions
Illustrations/Terminologies in reference to Chapter 2, National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (NPCP)
1.1 WATER SOURCE
CONTAMINATION, HIGH HAZARD - (CONTAMINATION)
LOW HAZARD – (POLLUTION), POTABLE WATER, GROUND WATER, SURFACE WATER,
WATER TREATMENT
1.2 WATER STORAGE
1.3 WATER SUPPLY
MAIN, CORPORATION COCK, GOOSENECK, SERVICE PIPE, WATER DISTRIBUTING PIPE,
BRANCH, FIXTURE BRANCH, HORIZONTAL PIPE, VERTICAL PIPE, BRANCH INTERVAL,
FIXTURE SUPPLY, RISER, BIBB, FAUCET, SPIGOT
EFFECTIVE OPENING, FLOOD LEVEL, CRITICAL LEVEL, FLOOD LEVEL RIM, FLOODED,
PRESSURE, STATIC PRESSURE, RESIDUAL PRESSURE

4. READ: NPCP Chapter 6 – Water Supply and Distribution

5. RESEARCH No. 1 For additional learning
WATER SOURCES in the Philippines
Angat Dam
La Mesa Watershed
Bangui Ilocos Norte Windmill
Laguna Geothermal Plant
Ma. Cristina Falls