Classification of Orifice

RIFICE • According to size:

• SMALL  h > 5x depth of orifice
• LARGE h < 5x depth of orifice
An opening with a
closed perimeter
through which a fluid
• According to shape:
flows.
The purpose of which is
to measure or control
flow.

Classification of Orifice Classification of Orifice

• According to nature of discharge: • According to nature of upstream edge of orifice :
 SAMPLE PROBLEM SAMPLE PROBLEM

Problem 1: The figure represents

two large tanks with an orifice in Problem 2: The orifice is 2” in
the dividing partition. The orifice diameter and is sharp-edged, with
has a diameter of 2” and is rounded Cc = 0.65 and Cv = 0.98. Pressures
so that Cc = 1.0 and Cv = 0.97. pA and pB are atmospheric.
Pressures pA and pB are Determine the diameter of the jet,
atmospheric. Determine the the actual velocity of the jet and
theoretical velocity. The actual the discharge if h = 14 ft.
velocity and the discharge if h = 16
ft.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM SAMPLE PROBLEM

Problem 4: The horizontal orifice (sharp-edge) is 4 in. in diameter

Problem 3: The liquid in the
with Cc = 0.65, Cv = 0.97. When the height of water in the open tank
chamber has a specific gravity of
is 8 ft measured from the line of the orifice, neglecting air
1.50. The gas pressure pA is +6 psi
resistance, compute the height to which the jet will rise above the
and pB is -2 psi. The orifice is 3” in
plane of orifice. What will be the diameter of the jet 3 ft above the
diameter with C = Cv = 0.76.
vena contracta?
Determine: The velocity in the jet
and the discharge when h = 5 ft.
Note: vena contracta is D/2 from the sharp-edge orifice

Pipe Orifice/
Orifice Plate
 SAMPLE PROBLEM

Problem 1: Water
flows through the
orifice plate shown at
0.15 cfs. If d = 0.10 ft,
determine h.

Problem 2: If h = 4 ft,
what is d?

Experimental Determination of Velocity

(Coordinate Method)
For the Projectile
(component of velocity):
Rectilinear Equations (Vertical):
Orifice in 𝑽𝟐𝒇 = 𝑽𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐𝒈𝒚
𝑽𝒇 = 𝑽𝒊 + 𝒈𝒕
end of pipe 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝑽𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐

for horizontal:
𝒙
𝑽𝒙 =
𝒕
 SAMPLE PROBLEM SAMPLE PROBLEM

Problem 1: A sharp-edged orifice in the vertical wall of a large Problem 2: Water flows through an orifice at a vertical side of a
tank has a diameter of 1.5 in. Cc is 0.65 and Cv is 0.98. If the jet large tank under a constant head of 4m (depth of water from the
drops 3 ft in a horizontal distance of 8 ft from the vena contracta, orifice). How far horizontally from the vena contracta will the jet
determine the head and the discharge. strikes the ground 2m. below the orifice?

For the projectile (component of velocity): For the projectile (component of velocity):
for Vertical: for Vertical:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒈𝒕𝟐 𝒚= 𝒈𝒕
𝟐 𝟐
for Horizontal: for Horizontal:
𝒙 𝒙
𝑽𝒙 = 𝑽𝒙 =
𝒕 𝒕

Problem: A closed cylindrical tank 6m high with its bottom on a

level ground contains two layers of liquid. The bottom layer is
water 2.5 meters deep. The top layer is occupied by liquid whose
specific gravity is unknown, to a depth of 1 m. The air space at the
top is pressurized to 15kPa above the atmosphere. A 50- mm
diameter orifice with a coefficient of velocity of 0.98 is situated 1
m. from the bottom of the tank. The jet from the orifice hits the
ground 3.5m horizontally away from vena contracta. Determine
the specific gravity of the liquid above water.