Deshpande Lesson 4

Answer Key

Exercise 1
1. janāḥ īśvarasya balam cintayanti. te vadanti. alam dhanena, īś-
varāya namaḥ, īśvarāya svasti - iti.
People think about the power of God. They say, “Enough with money,
salutations to God, hail God.”

2. candraḥ ākāśe gacchati. lokaḥ candram ākāśasya bhūṣaṇam cintay-

ati.
The moon goes / moves in the sky. The world thinks the moon [to be]
the ornament of the sky.

3. kamalāni hrade bhavanti. tāni tīre na jīvanti. kamalāni kusumāni

bhavanti.
There are lotuses in the lake. They do not live on the bank. Lotuses
are flowers.

4. māsam / māsena / māsāt vinā śṛgālāḥ na jīvanti. gajāḥ māsam

na bhakṣayanti. te tṛṇāya spṛhayanti. śṛgālaḥ gajāya na alam.
Jackals do not live without meat. Elephants do not eat meat. They
long for / desire grass. A jackal is not enough for / equal to an elephant.

5. gṛhasya purataḥ dāsaḥ vīrasya guṇān ghoṣayati. vīraḥ nṛpaḥ grā-

masya janān pālayati.
In front of the house, the servant proclaims the virtues of the hero.
The hero, who is the king*, protects the people of the village.
(*Note: vīra and nṛpa are both nouns here, the former is not an adjec-
tive. If it was, then we could read this as ‘the heroic king …’.)

6. nṛpasya prāsāde kanakasya ratnānām ca bhūṣaṇāni bhavanti. dāsasya

gṛhe bhūṣaṇāni na bhavanti.

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 There are ornaments of gold and jewels in the palace of the king. There
are no ornaments in the house of the servant.

7. gṛhasya upari kākāḥ sīdanti. kākānām gṛhāṇi vṛkṣeṣu bhavanti.

Crows sit above the house. The houses of crows are in trees.

8. grāmasya janāḥ vanasya vṛkṣān dahanti. te grāmasya vṛkṣān na da-

hanti.
The people of the village burn the trees of the forest. They do not burn
the trees of the village.

9. nṛpasya mitram prāsāde kāvyam likhati, nṛpāt dhanam vindati, dha-

nena ca sukham vindati.
The friend of the king writes the poem in the palace, gets wealth from
the king, and finds happiness with wealth.

10. aham vṛkṣe kusumāni paśyāmi. kusumāni vṛkṣāt jale adhaḥ patanti.
I see flowers in the tree. The flowers fall from the tree below* into the
water.
(*Note: adhaḥ is being used here as an indeclinable, without the geni-
tive.)

11. jalam / jalena / jalāt vinā janāḥ na jīvanti. janāḥ jalam jīvanam
vadanti.
Without water, people cannot live. People say [that] water is life.

12. dāsaḥ vanam gacchati, vṛkṣān ca kṛntati. saḥ vṛkṣāṇām phalānām

ca bhāram grāme nayati.
The servant goes to the forest, and cuts the trees. He takes the burden
of the trees and the fruits into the village.

13. saḥ phalaiḥ dhanam vindati. dhanena saḥ tuṣyati. sukhena ca jīvati.
He gets money by means of fruits. He is pleased with money. And he
lives with happiness (/ happily).

14. īśvarasya balam eva daivam iti aham cintayāmi. tvam cintayasi.
īśvaraḥ na bhavati, daivam eva bhavati iti. aham vadāmi - alam
daivena iti.
“The power of God is itself fate”, I think. You think - “There is no
God, there is only fate.” I say - “enough with fate”.

15. nṛpasya kṛte dāsaḥ prāsādasya upari vṛkṣāṇām phalāni kusumāni ca

nayati.
For the sake of the king, the servant takes the fruits and the flowers of

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 the trees above the palace.

16. janakaḥ putrasya aśvau muñcati. tau ca aśvau grāmāt vanam prati
dhāvataḥ.
The father releases the two horses of the son. And those two horses
run from the village towards the forest.