AS 4775-2007 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment

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AS 4775—2007
equipment
Australian Standard®
Emergency eyewash and shower

AS 4775—2007
This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee SF-048, Emergency Eyewash and
Shower Equipment. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on
10 September 2007.
This Standard was published on 26 October 2007.
The following are represented on Committee SF-048:
• AUSTAP
• Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
• Australian Council of Trade Unions
• Australian Industry Group
• Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists
• CSIRO
• Institute of Plumbing Australia
• University of Western Australia
• WorkCover New South Wales
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06357.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.
Keeping Standards up-to-date

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systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.
Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
AS 4775—2007
Australian Standard®
Emergency eyewash and shower

equipment
First published as AS 4775—2007.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 8410 0
AS 4775—2007 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by Standards Australia Committee SF-048, Emergency
Eyewash and Shower Equipment. The Standard was prepared in response to requests from
manufacturers and suppliers of these products, as well as industry in general.
This Standard is based on but not equivalent to ANSI Z358.1—2004, Emergency eyewash
and shower equipment. Apart from terminology and layout differences, changes were made
to address the specific needs of Australian applications, and integrate with other Australian
Standards. The main differences are as follows:
(a) Inclusion of guidance on dimensional constraints for disabled access.
(b) Inclusion of guidance on local materials for plumbing components.
(c) Inclusion of guidance on good design and manufacture.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard. An ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
3 AS 4775—2007
CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 4
2 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................... 4
3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................................................................. 4
4 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................ 4
5 MATERIALS, DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE...................................................... 6
6 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EMERGENCY SHOWERS ......................... 6
7 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EYEWASH EQUIPMENT......................... 10
8 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EYE/FACE WASH EQUIPMENT............. 13
9 COMBINATION UNITS.......................................................................................... 15
10 FACILITIES FOR DISABLED PERSONS .............................................................. 18
11 SUPPLEMENTAL EQUIPMENT ............................................................................ 18
12 EQUIPMENT SELECTION ..................................................................................... 19
APPENDICES
A LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ................................................................. 20
B MATERIALS ............................................................................................................ 21
C DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE ............................................................................ 23
D INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 25
E EXAMPLE COMPLIANCE TAG ............................................................................. 27

F SELECTION AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS.................................................. 28
AS 4775—2007 4
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Emergency eyewash and shower equipment
1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies minimum performance and use requirements for eyewash and
shower equipment for the emergency treatment of the eyes or body of a person who has
been exposed to materials which may cause injuries. It covers the following types of
equipment:
(a) Emergency shower equipment.
(b) Eyewash equipment.
(c) Eye/face wash equipment.
(d) Combination shower and eyewash or eye/face wash equipment.
(e) Facilities for disabled persons.
It also includes performance and use requirements for the following supplemental
equipment:
(i) Drench hoses.
(ii) Self-contained (portable) equipment.

Large-scale multispray shower equipment, of the type used in major emergency response or
military applications, are outside the scope of this Standard.
Where eyewash units are included in combination with such equipment, these eyewash units
are within the scope of this Standard.
2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this Standard is to provide uniform minimum requirements for equipment
performance, installation, use, maintenance and training of users, along with relevant test
procedures.
3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The documents referred to in this Standard are listed in Appendix A.
4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
4.1 Combination unit
An interconnected assembly of emergency equipment supplied by a single source of
flushing fluid.
4.2 Corrosion-resistant
Resisting corrosion under normal installation conditions, and in the presence of the flushing
fluid, over a prolonged period of service.
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

5 AS 4775—2007
4.3 Drench hose

A supplemental device consisting of a flexible hose connected to a flushing fluid supply
and used to provide fluid to irrigate and flush face and body areas.
4.4 Drinking water
Water that is suitable for human consumption. (Previously known as ‘potable water’.)
4.5 Emergency shower
A device specifically designed and intended to deliver flushing fluid in sufficient volume to
cause that fluid to cascade over the entire body.
4.6 Eye/face wash
irrigate and flush both the face and the eyes simultaneously.
4.7 Eyewash
irrigate and flush the eyes.
4.8 Flow pressure
The gauge pressure measured at the pipe wall during flow. (Also referred to as ‘dynamic
pressure’.)
4.9 Flow regulator
A mechanical device to control the flow of flushing fluid through pipes.
4.10 Flushing fluid

Drinking water, preserved water, preserved buffered saline solution or other medically
acceptable solution manufactured and labelled in accordance with applicable government
regulations.
4.11 Freeze protected
Designed to operate under freezing conditions.
4.12 Hazardous material
Any substance or compound that has the capability of producing adverse effects on the
health and safety of humans or the environment.
4.13 Installer
A competent person carrying out the installation of equipment within the scope of this
Standard.
4.14 Personal wash
A supplementary device that supports plumbed units, self-contained units or both, by
delivering immediate flushing fluid to eyes, face or body.
4.15 Self-closing valve
A valve that closes automatically when released by the user.
4.16 Self-contained eyewash
An eyewash device that contains its own flushing fluid and needs to be refilled or replaced
after use.
4.17 Self-contained shower
A shower that contains its own flushing fluid and needs to be refilled or replaced after use.
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

AS 4775—2007 6
4.18 Stay-open valve

A valve that needs to be closed manually by the user.
4.19 Tepid
Moderately warm, lukewarm.
NOTE: There is no medically or industry accepted specification for the temperature range of
fluids that may be defined as tepid. The term is used to allow the acceptable temperature range for
a particular workplace environment to be decided based on factors such as the geographic
location of the equipment, the location of the equipment within the facility and the types of
hazardous materials to which the person may be exposed. A recommended temperature range for
tepid fluids is 15.6°C to 37.8°C.
4.20 Valve actuator
A device connected to the valve to facilitate its operation.
5 MATERIALS, DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

5.1 Materials for construction
All equipment within the scope of this Standard shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant
materials.
NOTE: Some suitable materials are described in Appendix B.
The use of alternative materials may be appropriate where—
(a) specific environmental conditions are expected to significantly reduce the corrosion-
resistance of the listed materials;
(b) a risk assessment is carried out to assess the suitability of the alternative chosen; and
(c) other options such as exterior coatings, re-location, etc. are also assessed for
suitability.
The use of alternative materials is the subject of agreement between the parties concerned.
5.2 Design and manufacture
Guidance regarding the design and manufacture of equipment within the scope of this
Standard is given in Appendix C.
6 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EMERGENCY SHOWERS

6.1 General
Emergency showers are designed to deliver high volumes of flushing fluid at significant
fluid pressure. They are not suitable for use as an eyewash station.
6.2 Performance of shower heads
A means shall be provided to ensure that a controlled flow of flushing fluid is provided at a
velocity low enough to be non-injurious to the user.
Emergency showers shall be designed and located so that the bottom of the shower head is
not less than 2083 mm nor more than 2438 mm in height from the surface on which the user
stands.
When activated, plumbed and self-contained shower equipment shall deliver flushing fluid
at a minimum flow rate of 75.7 L/min for a minimum of 15 minutes.
Where shower equipment has a time-limited supply of flushing fluid, a risk assessment shall
be conducted to identify if a longer flow period is required. Such a risk assessment may
address the nature and quantity of hazardous materials at the location, likely exposure
scenarios, distance to emergency response and emergency facilities and so on.
7 AS 4775—2007
The spray pattern shall have a minimum diameter of 508 mm at 1524 mm above the surface
on which the user stands, and the centre of the spray pattern shall be located at least
406 mm from any obstruction. The flushing fluid shall be substantially dispersed
throughout the pattern.
NOTE: Dimensions for shower equipment are shown in Figure 6.1.
The eyewash section of a combination shower/eyewash station is not considered an
‘obstruction’ in this context to allow for simultaneous use of the shower and eyewash
equipment. See Section 9.
50 8 m i n.
Fluid
stre a m
24 38 m a x.
20 8 3 m i n.
1524
R 40 6 m i n. R 40 6 m i n.
Fre e f ro m Fre e f ro m
o bstr u c ti o n s o bstr u c ti o n s
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 6.1 SHOWER DIMENSIONS

AS 4775—2007 8
6.3 Performance of stay-open valve

The valve shall remain open without the use of the operator’s hands until intentionally
closed. The valve shall be simple to operate and shall go from closed to fully open in one
second or less. The valve shall be corrosion-resistant. Manual or automatic actuators shall
be easy to locate and readily accessible to the user. Valve actuators shall be located not
more than 1733 mm above the level on which the user stands.
6.4 Shower enclosures
Enclosures, if used, shall provide for a minimum unobstructed area of 864 mm in diameter.
6.5 Performance testing procedures
6.5.1 Plumbed emergency showers
Plumbed emergency showers shall be tested as follows:
(a) Connect a flowmeter to the shower to be tested, or provide other means of measuring
flushing fluid flow.
(b) Attach the shower to an uninterruptible flushing supply of 75.7 L/min at 210 kPa. The
shower head’s height shall be not less than 2083 mm nor more that 2438 mm from the
surface on which the user stands. The flushing fluid supply shall have a control valve
or pump system that can be adjusted.
(c) Fully open the valve on the emergency shower and verify that it opens in one second
or less and stays open.
(d) Adjust the control valve on the flushing fluid supply to deliver a minimum of
75.7 L/min, and determine that flushing fluid is substantially dispersed throughout the
pattern. Measure the diameter of the flushing fluid pattern 1524 mm above the surface
on which the user stands. The diameter shall be a minimum of 508 mm.
6.5.2 Self-contained emergency showers
Self-contained emergency showers shall be tested as follows:
(a) Fill the unit with flushing fluid.
(b) Connect a flowmeter to the shower to be tested or provide other means of measuring
flushing fluid flow.
(c) Place the unit in operating position. The shower head height shall be not less than
2083 mm nor more that 2438 mm from the surface on which the user stands.
(d) Throughout the 15 minute test, ensure that the unit is capable of delivering a
minimum of 75.7 L/min and that the flushing fluid is substantially dispersed
throughout the pattern. The diameter of the spray pattern shall be 508 mm at a point
1524 mm above the surface on which the user stands.
6.6 Location
Emergency showers shall be positioned in accessible locations that require no more than
10 s to reach. The shower shall be located on the same level as the hazard and the path of
travel shall be free of obstructions that may inhibit the immediate use of the equipment.
Where the possibility of temperature extremes exists, equipment shall be protected from
their effects both with respect to the equipment’s operation and the flushing fluid
temperature.
Each emergency shower location shall be identified with a highly visible sign complying
with AS 1319 positioned so the sign is visible throughout the area served by the shower.
The area around the emergency shower shall be well illuminated.

9 AS 4775—2007
6.7 Installation
General installation requirements are given in Appendix D.
The following additional requirements apply to emergency showers:
(a) They shall be assembled and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Units plumbed to a mains water supply shall be installed by a competent
person.
(b) They shall be positioned so that the shower head is not less than 2083 mm nor more
than 2438 mm from the surface on which the user stands.
(c) They shall be connected to a flushing fluid supply capable of meeting the
performance requirements of Clause 6.2. Where the possibility of freezing conditions
exists, equipment shall be protected from freezing or freeze-protected equipment shall
be installed. Where isolation valves are installed in the supply line, provision shall be
made to prevent unauthorized isolation and equipment shall be prominently marked
when isolated. Where the fluid supply to plumbed equipment is time-limited, this
shall be clearly indicated by prominent signage adjacent to the equipment. See
Paragraph D2.
(d) They shall deliver tepid flushing fluid. In circumstances where chemical reaction is
accelerated by flushing fluid temperature, the person responsible for facility OHS
shall determine the optimum temperature for each application. See Paragraph D5.
When the shower is installed, its performance shall be verified in accordance with the
following procedures:
(i) With the unit correctly connected to the flushing fluid source and the valve(s) closed,
visually check the piping connections for leaks.

(ii) Fully open the valve. The valve shall remain open without requiring further use of the
operator’s hands.
(iii) With the valve fully open, measure the diameter of the spray pattern. It shall be a
minimum of 508 mm at 1524 mm above the standing surface. The centre of the spray
shall be at least 406 mm from any obstructions. The flushing fluid shall be
substantially dispersed throughout pattern.
(iv) Using the flowmeter or other means, determine that the rate of flow is at least
75.7 L/min.
6.8 Maintenance and training
Manufacturers shall provide operation, inspection and maintenance instructions with
shower equipment. Instructions for all emergency equipment shall be readily accessible to
maintenance and training personnel.
Plumbed shower equipment shall be activated weekly for a period long enough to verify
operation and ensure that flushing fluid is available. This weekly interval may be varied on
the basis of a documented risk assessment.
NOTE: The intent is to ensure that there is a flushing fluid supply at the outlet of the device, to
clear the supply line of any sediment build-up that could prevent fluid from being delivered to the
outlet of the device and to minimize microbial contamination due to sitting water.
Self-contained shower equipment shall be monitored to determine if flushing fluid needs to
be changed or supplemented.
Employees who may be exposed to hazardous materials shall be trained in the location and
proper use of emergency shower units.

AS 4775—2007 10
All shower units shall be inspected annually to ensure conformance with the requirements
of this Standard. A tag should be permanently attached to each shower unit, to be marked at
the successful completion of each inspection.
NOTE: An example compliance tag is shown in Appendix E.
7 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EYEWASH EQUIPMENT

7.1 Performance of plumbed and self-contained eyewash units
A means shall be provided to ensure that a controlled flow of flushing fluid is provided to
both eyes simultaneously at a velocity low enough to be non-injurious to the user.
NOTE: See Paragraph F6.
The eyewash shall be designed and positioned in such a way as to pose no hazard to the
user.
Nozzles shall be protected from airborne contaminants. Whatever means is used to afford
such protection, its removal shall not require a separate motion by the operator when
activating the unit.
The eyewash unit shall be designed, manufactured and installed in such manner that, once
activated, it can be used without requiring the use of the operator’s hands.
Stored flushing fluid shall be protected against airborne contaminants.
When activated plumbed and self-contained eyewash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid
to the eyes at a flow rate not less than 1.5 L/min for a minimum of 15 minutes. Where the
fluid supply to plumbed equipment is time-limited, this shall be clearly indicated and
quantified by prominent signage adjacent to the equipment.
Where eyewash equipment has a time-limited supply of flushing fluid, a risk assessment
shall be conducted to identify whether a longer flow period is required. Such a risk
assessment may address the nature and quantity of hazardous materials at the location,
likely exposure scenarios, distance to emergency response and emergency facilities and so
on.
The eyewash unit shall be designed to provide enough room to allow the eyelids to be held
open with the hands while the eyes are in the flushing fluid stream.
The eyewash unit shall provide flushing fluid to both eyes simultaneously. A test gauge for
making determination of a suitable eyewash pattern shall be a minimum 102 mm in length
with two sets of parallel lines equidistant from the centre (see Figure 7.1). The interior set
of lines shall be 32 mm apart and the exterior lines shall be 83 mm apart. Place the gauge
on top of the stream of the eyewash. The flushing fluid should cover the areas between the
interior and exterior lines when the gauge is lowered not more than 38 mm below the fluid’s
peak.

11 AS 4775—2007
83
32
Po i nt of f l u i d
stre a m i nte rac ti o n
3 8 m a x.
R e q u i re d c ove rag e w i d ths
F l u i d stre a m F l u i d stre a m
FIGURE 7.1 EYEWASH TEST GAUGE
7.2 Performance of stay open valve

be easy to locate and readily accessible to the user.
7.3.1 Plumbed eyewash units
Plumbed eyewash units shall be tested as follows:
(a) Connect a flowmeter to the eyewash unit to be tested, or provide other means of
measuring flushing fluid flow.
(b) Attach the eyewash to an uninterruptible flushing fluid supply of 1.5 L/min at
210 kPa.
(c) Fully open the valve on the eyewash unit and verify that it opens in one second or less
and stays open.
(d) Using the flowmeter or other means, determine that the rate of flow is at least
1.5 L/min, that the flushing streams rise to approximately equal heights, and that the
flushing fluid will wash both eyes simultaneously at a velocity low enough to be non-
injurious to the user.
7.3.2 Self-contained eyewash units
Self-contained units shall be tested as follows:
(a) Position the emergency eyewash unit in the operating position so that the discharged
flushing fluid can be collected. Fill the unit with flushing fluid.
(b) Fully open the valve on the eyewash unit and verify that it opens in one second and
stays open.

AS 4775—2007 12
(c) Throughout the 15 minute test, ensure that the unit is capable of 1.5 L/min and that
the flushing fluid meets the minimum flow characteristics as measured with the
eyewash gauge.
7.4 Location
Eyewashes shall be positioned in accessible locations that require no more than 10 s to
reach. The eyewash unit shall be located on the same level as the hazard and the path of
travel shall be free of obstructions that may inhibit the immediate use of the equipment. For
a strong acid or strong caustic, the eyewash should be located immediately adjacent to the
hazard. See also Paragraph D4.
The unit shall be positioned with the flushing fluid nozzles not less than 838 mm and no
greater than 1143 mm from the surface on which the user stands and 153 mm minimum
from the wall or nearest obstruction.
Each eyewash location shall be identified with a highly visible sign complying with
AS 1319 positioned so the sign is visible throughout the area served by the eyewash. The
area around the eyewash shall be well illuminated.
7.5 Installation
The following additional requirements apply to eyewash units:
(a) They shall be assembled and installed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
Units plumbed to a mains water supply shall be installed by a competent person.
(b) They shall be connected to a flushing fluid supply line capable of meeting the
performance requirements of Clause 7.1. See Paragraph D2. Where the possibility of
freezing conditions exist, equipment shall be protected from freezing or freeze-
protected equipment shall be installed. If isolation valves are installed in the supply
line, provision shall be made to prevent unauthorized isolation and units shall be
prominently marked when isolated. Where the fluid supply to plumbed equipment is
time-limited, this shall be clearly indicated and quantified by prominent signage
adjacent to the equipment.
(c) They shall deliver tepid flushing fluid. In circumstances where chemical reaction is
shall determine the optimum temperature for each application. (See Paragraph D5.)
When the plumbed eyewash is installed, its performance shall be verified in accordance
with the following procedures:
operator’s hands.
(iii) With the valve in the fully open position, make sure that both eyes will be washed
simultaneously at a velocity low enough to be non-injurious to the user.
1.5 L/min.
NOTE: A test gauge similar to the one pictured in Figure 7.1 may be used to verify minimum
flow characteristics.
eyewash equipment. Instructions for all emergency equipment shall be readily accessible to
maintenance and inspection personnel.
13 AS 4775—2007
Plumbed eyewash equipment shall be activated weekly for a period long enough to verify
operation and ensure that flushing fluid is available. This weekly interval may be varied on
the basis of a documented risk assessment.
NOTE: The intent is to ensure that there is a flushing fluid supply at the head of the device, to
head of the device and to minimize microbial contamination due to sitting water.
Self-contained eyewash equipment shall be monitored to determine if flushing fluid needs
to be changed or supplemented.
proper use of emergency eyewash units.
All eyewash units shall be inspected annually to ensure conformance with the requirements
in this Standard. A tag should be permanently attached to each eyewash unit, to be marked
at the successful completion of each inspection.
8 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EYE/FACE WASH EQUIPMENT

8.1 Performance of plumbed and self-contained eye/face wash units
A means shall be provided to ensure that a controlled flow of flushing fluid is provided to
both eyes and the face simultaneously at a velocity low enough to be non-injurious to the
user.
NOTE: See Paragraph F6.
The eye/face wash unit shall be designed and positioned in such a way as to pose no hazard
to the user.
Nozzles shall be protected from airborne contaminants. Whatever means is used to afford
such protection, its removal shall not require a separate motion by the operator when
activating the unit.
Eye/face wash units shall be designed, manufactured and installed in such a manner that,
once activated, it can be used without requiring the use of the operator’s hands.
Stored flushing fluid shall be protected against airborne contaminants.
When activated, eye/face wash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid to the eyes at a flow
rate not less than 11.4 L/min for a minimum of 15 minutes.
Where eye/face wash equipment has a time-limited supply of flushing fluid, a risk
assessment shall be conducted to identify if a longer flow period is required. Such a risk
assessment may address the nature and quantity of hazardous materials at the location,
likely exposure scenarios, distance to emergency response and emergency facilities and so
on.
The eye/face wash unit shall be designed to provide enough room to allow the eyelids to be
held open with the hands while the eyes are in the flushing fluid stream.
The eye/face wash unit shall provide flushing fluid to both eyes simultaneously. A test
gauge for making determination of a suitable wash pattern shall be a minimum 102 mm in
length with two sets of parallel lines equidistant from the centre (see Figure 7.1). The
interior set of lines shall be 32 mm apart and the exterior lines shall be 83 mm apart. Place
the gauge on top of the stream of the eye/face wash. The flushing fluid should cover the
areas between the interior and exterior lines when gauge is lowered not more than 38 mm
below the fluid’s peak.

AS 4775—2007 14

be easy to locate and readily accessible to the user.
Eye/face wash units shall be tested as follows:
(a) Connect a flowmeter to the eye/face wash to be tested, or provide other means of
measuring flushing fluid flow.
(b) Attach the eye/face wash to an uninterruptible flushing fluid supply of 11.4 L/min at
210 kPa.
(c) Fully open the valve on the eye/face wash unit and verify that it opens in one second
or less and stays open.
(d) Using the flowmeter or other means determine that the rate of flow is at least
11.4 L/min, that the flushing streams rise to approximately equal heights, and that the
flushing fluid will wash both eyes simultaneously at a velocity low enough to be non-
injurious to the user.
8.4 Location
Eye/face washes shall be positioned in accessible locations that require no more than 10 s to
reach. The eye/face wash unit shall be located on the same level as the hazard and the path
of travel shall be free of obstructions that may inhibit the immediate use of the equipment.
For a strong acid or strong caustic, the eye/face wash should be immediately adjacent to the
hazard. See also Paragraph D4.
The unit shall be positioned with the flushing fluid nozzles not less than 838 mm and no
greater than 1143 mm from the surface on which the user stands and 153 mm minimum
from the wall or nearest obstruction.
Each eye/face wash location shall be identified with a highly visible sign complying with
AS 1319 positioned so the sign is visible throughout the area served by the unit. The area
around the eyewash shall be well illuminated.
8.5 Installation
The following additional requirements apply to eye/face wash units:
instructions. Units connected to a mains water supply shall be installed by a
competent person.
(b) They shall be connected to a flushing fluid supply capable of meeting the
performance requirements of Clause 8.1. Where the possibility of freezing conditions
exists, equipment shall be protected from freezing or freeze-protected equipment shall
be installed. If isolation valves are installed in the supply line provision shall be made
to prevent unauthorized isolation and units shall be prominently marked when
isolated. Where the fluid supply to plumbed equipment is time-limited, this shall be
clearly indicated and quantified by prominent signage adjacent to the equipment. See
Paragraph D2.
(c) They shall deliver tepid flushing fluid. In circumstances where chemical reaction is
shall determine the optimum temperature for each application. (See Paragraph D5.)

15 AS 4775—2007
When the plumbed eye/face wash is installed, its performance shall be verified in
accordance with the following procedures:
operator’s hands.
(iii) With the valve in the fully open position, make sure that both eyes will be washed
simultaneously at a velocity low enough to be non-injurious to the user.
11.4 L/min. A test gauge similar to the one pictured in Figure 7.1 may be used to
verify minimum flow characteristics.
eye/face wash equipment. Instructions for all emergency equipment shall be readily
accessible to maintenance and training personnel.
Plumbed equipment shall be activated weekly for a period long enough to verify operation
and ensure that flushing fluid is available. This weekly interval may be varied on the basis
of a documented risk assessment.
Self-contained eye/face wash equipment shall be monitored to determine if flushing fluid
needs to be changed or supplemented.

proper use of emergency eye/face wash units.
All eye/face wash units shall be inspected annually to assure conformance with the
requirements of this Standard. A tag should be permanently attached to each shower unit, to
be marked at the successful completion of each inspection.
NOTE: An example compliance tag shown in Appendix E.
9 COMBINATION UNITS
9.1 Performance of combination units
Combination units shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Combination units shall be designed so all components can be operated individually.
(b) Showers shall meet the performance requirements in Clause 6.
(c) Eyewash units shall meet the performance requirements in Clause 7.
(d) Eye/face wash units shall meet the performance requirements in Clause 8.
(e) Drench hoses shall meet the performance requirements in Clause 9.
Figure 9.1 shows dimensions for combination shower and eye/face wash units.

AS 4775—2007 16
40 6 min. 40 6 min.
Fre e f ro m Fre e f ro m
o b str u c ti o n s o b str u c ti o n s
( exc l u d e s eyewa s h ) ( exc l u d e s eyewa s h )
1143 max.
438 min.
153 m i n.
Fre e f ro m
o b str u c ti o n s
153 min.
Fre e f ro m
o b str u c ti o n s
FIGURE 9.1 COMBINED UNIT DIMENSIONS

The valve shall meet the requirements of the applicable Clause, depending on which
components are included in the combination unit.
Each part of the unit individually shall be tested in accordance with the procedures outlined
in Clauses 6, 7 and 8, depending on which of the components listed in Clause 9.1 are
included.
9.4 Location
Combination units shall be positioned in accessible locations that require no more than 10 s
to reach. The combination unit shall be located on the same level as the hazard and the path
of travel shall be free of obstructions that may inhibit the immediate use of the equipment.

17 AS 4775—2007
Each combination unit location shall be identified with a highly visible sign complying with
AS 1319 positioned so the sign is visible throughout the area served by the unit. The area
around the unit shall be well illuminated.
9.5 Installation
The following additional requirements apply to combination units:
instructions. Equipment connected to a mains water supply shall be installed by a
competent person.
(b) They shall be connected to a flushing fluid supply capable of meeting the
requirements of each component as outlined in Clauses 6, 7 and 8, when all
components are operated simultaneously. Combination unit components shall be
positioned so that components may be used simultaneously by the same user. Where
the possibility of freezing conditions exist, equipment shall be protected from
freezing or freeze-protected equipment shall be installed. Where fluid supply to
plumbed equipment is time-limited, this shall be clearly indicated and quantified by
prominent signage adjacent to the equipment.
(c) If isolation values are installed in the supply line, provision shall be made to prevent
unauthorized isolation, and the combination unit shall be marked when isolated. (See
Paragraph D2.)
shall determine the optimum temperature for each application (see Paragraph D5).
(e) When the combination unit is installed, its performance shall be verified in
accordance with the following procedures:
(i) With the unit correctly connected to the flushing fluid source and the valve(s)
closed, visually check the piping connections for leaks.
(ii) Fully open the shower and eyewash or eye/face wash valves. The valves shall
remain open without requiring further use of the operator’s hands.
(iii) Activate the valves and check the performance of the shower, eyewash and
eye/face wash valves as described in Clauses 6.7, 7.5 and 8.5 respectively,
while operating simultaneously.
combination equipment. Instructions for all emergency equipment shall be readily
accessible to maintenance and inspection personnel.
Self-contained combination units shall be monitored to determine if flushing fluid needs to
be changed or supplemented.
proper use of emergency combination units.

AS 4775—2007 18
All combination units shall be inspected annually to ensure conformance with the
requirements of this Standard. A tag should be permanently attached to each combination
unit, to be marked at the successful completion of each inspection.
10 FACILITIES FOR DISABLED PERSONS

Where equipment is intended for use by disabled persons, the design of the equipment and
the relevant workspace should comply with the requirements of AS 1428 (series) to ensure
it is able to be utilized in an emergency.
Where facilities for disabled persons are required, the following aspects of the design of the
workplace should be the subject of a documented risk assessment:
(a) Location of the equipment relative to the person’s working position, considering the
distance able to be travelled by the person within 10 seconds.
(b) Clear access to use the equipment, considering the ability to reach, the appropriate
height, the appropriate clearance for wheelchairs, and any other requirements.
(c) Suitable adjustability of the equipment to suit the full range of potential users in an
emergency situation.
(d) Whether there may be a need for assistance to properly operate the equipment.
(e) Any other relevant issues such as appropriate lighting, floor markings, potential slip
hazards due to flushing fluid, etc.
11 SUPPLEMENTAL EQUIPMENT
11.1 General
The supplemental equipment listed below shall provide immediate flushing to support
plumbed and self-contained equipment but shall not replace them.
11.2 Personal wash units
11.2.1 Performance of personal wash units
Personal wash units shall have the capacity to deliver immediate flushing fluid without
being injurious to the user. See Paragraph F6. Personal wash units do not meet the criteria
of plumbed or self-contained eyewash equipment. See Paragraph F1.
Instructions and flushing fluid expiration date shall be permanently affixed to the unit.
11.2.2 Maintenance, training and storage
personal wash units. Instructions for all emergency equipment shall be readily accessible to
All personal wash units shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
Employees shall be trained in the location, proper use and application of personal wash
units.
All personal wash units shall be inspected annually to assure conformance with the
requirements of this Standard. A tag should be permanently attached to each personal wash
unit, to be marked at the successful completion of each inspection.

19 AS 4775—2007
11.3 Drench hoses

11.3.1 Performance of drench hoses
Drench hoses shall be designed to provide a controlled flow of flushing fluid to a portion of
the body at a velocity low enough to be non-injurious to the user.
11.3.2 Performance of control valve
The valve shall be simple to operate and shall go from closed to fully open in one second or
less. The valve shall be corrosion-resistant. Manual or automatic actuators shall be easy to
locate and readily accessible to the user.
11.3.3 Installation
The following additional requirements apply to drench hoses:
(a) They shall be assembled and installed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
(b) They shall be located in an area identified with a highly visible sign positioned so the
sign shall be visible throughout the area served by the drench hose. The area around
the drench hose shall be well-lit, and free of debris that may inhibit the immediate use
of the equipment.
(c) The unit shall be connected to a supply of flushing fluid. See Paragraph D2. Where
the possibility of freezing conditions exist, equipment shall be protected from
freezing or freeze-protected equipment shall be installed.
shall determine the optimum temperature for each application. (See Paragraph D5).
11.3.4 Maintenance and training
Manufacturers shall provide operation, inspection and maintenance instructions with drench
hose equipment. Instructions for all emergency equipment shall be readily accessible to
proper use of drench hose units.
12 EQUIPMENT SELECTION
The type of equipment shall be selected after consideration of the specific hazard and its
circumstances.
NOTE: Information on types of equipment, types of flushing fluids and other safety
considerations is provided in Appendix F.

AS 4775—2007 20
APPENDIX A
LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
(Normative)
AS
1319 Safety signs for the occupational environment
1428 Design for access and mobility (series)
1432 Copper tubes for plumbing, gasfitting and drainage applications
1565 Copper and copper alloys—Ingots and castings
1769 Welded stainless steel tubes for plumbing applications
2345 Dezincification resistance of copper alloys
2738 Copper and copper alloys—Compositions and designations of refinery products,
wrought products, ingots and castings
3688 Water supply—Metallic fittings and end connectors
3795 Copper alloy tubes for plumbing and drainage applications
AS/NZS
1568 Copper and copper alloys—Forging stock and forgings
1572 Copper and copper alloys—Seamless tubes for engineering purposes
3499 Water supply—Flexible hose assemblies

ASTM
A269 Standard specification for seamless and welded austentic stainless steel tubing
for general service

21 AS 4775—2007
APPENDIX B
MATERIALS
(Informative)
B1 SCOPE OF SECTION
This Appendix lists materials considered to be corrosion-resistant for the construction of
equipment to this Standard.
B2 METALLIC MATERIALS
B2.1 Corrosion-resistant metallic materials
The metallic materials shown in Table B1 are considered to be corrosion-resistant.
TABLE B1
CORROSION-RESISTANT METALLIC MATERIALS
COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS STAINLESS STEEL
Product Specification Product Specification
Wrought or cast AS 2738 Wrought products ASTM A269
designations
Tubular components AS 1432 AS 1769
AS/NZS 1572 Series 300

AS 3795 UNS S32750
Castings AS 1565 UNS S32304
Hot Pressings AS/NZS 1568 UNS S31803
UNS S31500
Tubular components ASTM A269
AS 1769
UNS S32750
UNS S32304
UNS S31803
UNS S31500
Flexible hoses AS/NZS 3499
Copper alloys in contact with water should be dezincification-resistant, when tested

according to AS 2345 (or equivalent).
B3 PLASTIC AND ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS

B3.1 General
Plastic materials should be of a type recommended by the material manufacturer as being
suitable for use in the intended application, or it’s suitability be otherwise demonstrated.
Plastic materials should be compatible with the intended flushing fluid.
B3.2 Acetal
Acetal plastics used for structural components that are in contact with water should be
copolymer.

AS 4775—2007 22
B3.3 UV resistance
Where plastics components are intended for exposure to direct sunlight, the materials
should resist UV exposure in normal service, such that they will not crack, craze or exhibit
signs of any defect which would impair the intended function.
B3.4 Resistance to chemical degradation
Where plastics components are intended for exposure to particular chemicals which may
degrade the component, the materials should resist degradation by those chemicals in
normal service, such that they do not crack, craze, or exhibit signs of any defect which
would impair the intended function.
B4 OTHER MATERIALS
Material specifications listed as suitable for tapware and water supply in the relevant
Australian Standards are also considered to be acceptable for equipment to this Standard.
Components manufactured from materials not specified in this Appendix should be
demonstrated to be corrosion-resistant in the intended service environment.
Valve and tap components such as lubricants, o-rings, springs, etc. should not degrade
under the intended service conditions, should be compatible with the flushing fluid, should
be non-toxic, and should be otherwise suitable for the intended service conditions.

23 AS 4775—2007
APPENDIX C
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE
(Informative)
C1 SCOPE OF SECTION
This Section provides guidance for the design and manufacture of equipment to this
Standard, including their integral components.
C2 END CONNECTORS
Copper and copper alloy-end connectors for use in Australia should comply with AS 3688.
Other end connectors should comply with the relevant Australian or New Zealand Standards
or Australian Technical Specifications.
C3 SCREW THREADS
C3.1 Thread engagement
Threaded joints that might be disassembled for any purpose should have at least 3 full
threads engaged. Threaded joints that are assembled in a permanent manner should have at
least 2 full threads engaged. The number of full threads should be counted when the
threaded joint is assembled with washers or seals.
C4 THICKNESS OF METAL PARTS

C4.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, the measured thickness of a component should exclude the
depth of any screw thread and the thickness of any coating or plating material.
The minimum thicknesses do not apply to parts that are not critical to the performance of
the unit.
C4.2 Copper, copper alloy and stainless steel tubes
The minimum mean thickness of copper, copper alloy and stainless steel tubes should be as
specified in AS 1432 for Type B tubes. Where the mean outside diameter is not equivalent
to those tubes specified in AS 1432, the minimum wall thickness of the tubes should be that
specified in AS 1432 for the next larger size.
C4.3 Other sections
The minimum thickness of other components should be in accordance with Table E1.
TABLE C2
MINIMUM WALL THICKNESS OF UNSPECIFIED METAL PARTS
Plain sections subject to Plain sections not subject to
Nominal size
permanent hydrostatic permanent hydrostatic
DN
pressure, mm pressure, mm
6, 8, 10, 15, 20 1.8 1.1
25, 32 2.2 1.4
40, 50 2.8 1.7
NOTE: Hydrostatic pressure refers to pressure under no flow conditions.

AS 4775—2007 24
C5 FABRICATED ASSEMBLIES
Fabricated assemblies should be able to withstand the loads expected in emergency
situations.
C6 OPERATING MECHANISMS
A handle, lever or button should meet the following under normal service conditions and in
emergency situations:
(a) Fabricated joints should show no sign of splitting, cracking, distortion or tread
damage.
(b) The handles of wall-mounted actuators should not fracture or pull off.
(c) Foot-operated actuators should show no sign of cracks, breakage, bending or damage.
C7 FINISH AND WORKMANSHIP

All components should be supplied in the following condition:
(a) Components should be sound and free from folds, laps, blisters, laminations,
blowholes, and other defects that affect performance or function in service.
(b) Sealing faces should not be pitted. Surface pitting may be acceptable elsewhere where
the minimum wall thickness recommendations of this Standard are followed.
(c) Castings should be plugged, stopped, or patched by a vacuum impregnation process
with a suitable material, and suitably hydrostatically tested.
(d) Components should be supplied free of sand, grit and swarf.
(e) All moving parts should be adequately lubricated with a suitable non-toxic water
insoluble lubricant.
(f) Finished components should be free of burrs, fins, irregularities and sharp edges that
would affect performance or function in service or safe handling during installation or
use.
(g) Where decorative finishes are applied, they should comply with the criteria of the
relevant Standard and industry norms.

25 AS 4775—2007
APPENDIX D
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
(Normative)
D1 SUPPLY LINES
Installation procedures shall be in accordance with proper plumbing practices. Supply
piping shall be adequately sized to meet flow requirements. If shut off valves are installed
for maintenance purposes, provisions shall be made to prevent unauthorized shut off.
D2 WATER CAPACITY
Throughout this Standard the minimum water capacities are rated at an inlet supply pressure
of 210 kPa. This inlet pressure is below what is normally considered a proper level for
design of plumbing systems but has been chosen because meeting the installation
requirements can place units at distances from, and elevations above, normal supply lines.
In such cases, it is the responsibility of the designer and owner to ensure proper flushing
fluid delivery at possible low points of pressure in the plumbing system. Excess pressure
can deliver water to the equipment at velocities that could injure the user or render the
equipment inoperable. Caution should be exercised with pressures over 550 kPa.
D3 ALARM DEVICES
In addition to the equipment identification required in this Standard, users may also
consider the installation of audible alarms or blinking lights set up to activate when the
eyewash or shower is in operation. These considerations are particularly important for
remote areas. If linked to central areas where warning lights or alarms are also activated,
other staff can monitor the situation and send assistance if required.
D4 PLACEMENT OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall be available for immediate use. It shall
take no longer than 10 s for an individual to reach the nearest facility.
Factors that influence the location of emergency facilities include workplace lighting,
obstructions to the path of travel and the work environment. It should be noted that some
situations may warrant the placement of equipment significantly closer to the hazard. In
these situations, such as exposure to highly corrosive chemicals, the proper distances should
be selected based on the advice from appropriate consultants. For situations such as
exposure to strong acids or alkalis, due consideration needs to be given to possible reaction
between the flushing fluid and the chemical if the flushing fluid enters a bulk container of
the chemical.
D5 FLUSHING FLUID TEMPERATURE

Continuous and timely irrigation of affected tissues for the recommended irrigation period
are the principal factors in providing first aid treatment. Providing flushing fluid at
temperatures conducive to use for the recommended irrigation period is considered an
integral part of providing suitable facilities. Medical recommendations suggest a flushing
fluid at tepid temperatures be delivered to affected chemically-injured tissue.
Temperatures in excess of 38°C have proven to be harmful to the eyes and can enhance
chemical interaction with the eyes and skin. During design and installation, the effects of
exposure of piping to sun, radiant heat or other heat sources should be considered, and
suitable control measures should be introduced to avoid any risk of scalding.

AS 4775—2007 26
While cold flushing fluid temperatures provide immediate cooling after chemical contact,
prolonged exposure to cold fluids affect the ability to maintain adequate body temperature
and can result in the premature cessation of first aid treatment.
Before emergency eyewash and shower equipment is selected, a risk assessment shall be
carried out to determine the most appropriate delivery temperature for the application.
Means to ensure a consistently suitable delivery temperature shall also be identified during
selection, so that the equipment can perform as desired once installed.

27 AS 4775—2007
APPENDIX E
EXAMPLE COMPLIANCE TAG
(Informative)
ANNUAL MAINTENANCE RECORD

DATE BY DATE BY

AS 4775—2007 28
APPENDIX F
SELECTION AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
(Informative)
F1 PERSONAL EYEWASH UNITS

The first seconds following an eye injury are often critical to keeping eye injury to a
minimum. A personal eyewash may be kept in the immediate vicinity of employees working
in a potentially hazardous area. The main purpose of these units is to supply immediate
flushing. With this accomplished, the injured individual should then proceed to a plumbed
or self-contained eyewash and flush the eyes for the required 15-minute period.
NOTE: Emergency showers are not intended for use as eye or face wash units.
F2 FLUSHING FLUID QUALITY

Self-contained units provide options for the type of flushing fluids used in the unit. A
buffered isotonic solution preserved with a suitable antibacterial agent can be less irritating
to the eye when used for a 15-minute flush.
F3 FIRST AID PRACTICES

A physician should provide guidance on specific workplace hazards and the use of
emergency eyewash and shower equipment.
F4 CONTAINMENT AND DISPOSAL OF FLUIDS

A risk assessment should be carried out to determine methods for the proper containment
and disposal of waste flushing fluids from operating emergency eyewash and shower
equipment. This should consider that the vast majority of waste fluid will be produced
during regular testing, and that this will not contain significant hazardous materials.
Freezing temperatures, drainage, elevated showers and pollutants are some, but not all, of
the considerations. Relevant authorities should be consulted for assistance with local
regulations.
F5 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Emergency eyewash, shower, drench hose and combination units are not substitutes for
proper primary protective devices. As a defence against flying solid particles and splashing
injurious liquids, workers should wear personal protective equipment as needed, including
eye protection, face protection and protective clothing.
F6 AERATED FLUSHING UNITS

Eyewash and eye/face wash units should use aerated flushing fluid wherever practicable.

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Emergency eyewash and shower

The following are represented on Committee SF-048:

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06357.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

Emergency eyewash and shower

First published as AS 4775—2007.

E EXAMPLE COMPLIANCE TAG ............................................................................. 27

(ii) Self-contained (portable) equipment.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

4.3 Drench hose

4.10 Flushing fluid

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

4.18 Stay-open valve

5 MATERIALS, DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

6 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EMERGENCY SHOWERS

FIGURE 6.1 SHOWER DIMENSIONS

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

6.3 Performance of stay-open valve

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

visually check the piping connections for leaks.

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

7 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EYEWASH EQUIPMENT

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

R e q u i re d c ove rag e w i d ths

FIGURE 7.1 EYEWASH TEST GAUGE

7.2 Performance of stay open valve

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

8 PLUMBED AND SELF-CONTAINED EYE/FACE WASH EQUIPMENT

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

8.2 Performance of stay open valve

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

needs to be changed or supplemented.

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

FIGURE 9.1 COMBINED UNIT DIMENSIONS

9.2 Performance of stay open valve

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

10 FACILITIES FOR DISABLED PERSONS

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

11.3 Drench hoses

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

3499 Water supply—Flexible hose assemblies

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

AS/NZS 1572 Series 300

Copper alloys in contact with water should be dezincification-resistant, when tested

B3 PLASTIC AND ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

C4 THICKNESS OF METAL PARTS

NOTE: Hydrostatic pressure refers to pressure under no flow conditions.

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

C7 FINISH AND WORKMANSHIP

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

D4 PLACEMENT OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

D5 FLUSHING FLUID TEMPERATURE

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE RECORD

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

F1 PERSONAL EYEWASH UNITS

F2 FLUSHING FLUID QUALITY