Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune - 52 Department of Electrical Engineering Experiment No. 6 Title of Experiment: To determine efficiency and regulation of transformer by direct loading test of a single phase transformer. Date of performance: Date of checking: Signature of teacher First Year Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual 44Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune - 52 Department of Electrical Engineering “Aim: To determine efficiency and regulation of transformer by direct loading test of a single phase transformer. Apparatus: [Sr. ‘Apparatus, Range No. 1 Single Phase Dimmerstat_| 230V/0-270V, ISA 2 AC. Voltmeter 0300 V 3 AC. Ammeter 0-10Amp a Wattmeter 5/10 Amp. , 300 V 5 Single Phase | IkVA, Transformer 6 ‘Single Phase Lamp bank | 230V, 10Amp. (Resistive toad) Theory: Primary Transformer Core Secondan faeces rc core SD (timery —“f) secordary |y, Ve Vso | Vs Tconsformer ‘Transformer Construction a A Transformer is a static device, which transfers energy from one circuit to another circuit without change in frequency. Tt can increase or decrease the voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding decrease or increase in current. ‘The working of the transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction between two circuit linked by a common magnetic flux. A transformer consists of a magnetic circuit (iron core) liking with two separate windings, the primary and secondary ‘windings. When the is connected to a.c supplyVi, an alternating flux © will be set up in the core which when linking with the secondary winding, will induce an alternating emf (mutually induced emf E;) according to Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction (e=M dat). Transformer transforms electrical energy from one circuit to another. By keeping primary side voltage constant if load on secondary sid voltage V2 across the load changes. For a resistive or inductive type of load this change is on negative side, the terminal voltage drops. With the further increase in load it drops further because the load current increases and hence the voltage drops in resistance and leakage reactance of the secondary winding also increases. First Year Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual 45Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune - 52 Department of Electrical Engineering ‘Voltage Regulation: ‘The change in secondary voltage from no load to full load expressed as the fraction of no load secondary voltage is defined as the voltage regulation of transformer. % Regulation = _E2—Vz X 100 Losses: There are two types of losses in transformer 1. Copper losses or Winding losses (They are variable). 2. Iron losses or Core losses (They are constant) Due to various losses, the power output of the transformer is always less than the corresponding power input. So for same input, higher the value of power output i.e. lesser the losses, more efficient is the transformer. Efficiency: Efficiency of the transformer is defined as the ratio of output power to the input power. ‘When expressed in percentage; ‘%n, = (Output power / input power) x 100. Circuit Diagram: angiepem 30,28 a ‘Sage Prone hao ronson Seve Pose store ‘o mmersar ny Pony 230% Seconry 18 osoa0210y Procedure: 1) Make connections as shown in circuit diagram. 2) Slowly increase the voltage to 220 Volts applied through autotransformer to the primary side of 1 phase transformer. 3)_Note down the values of voltage, current and_wattage form First Year Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual 46Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune - 52 Department of Electrical Engineering ‘meters at no lo 4) Increase the load on secondary of transformer by switching on the lamp bank keeping the primary voltage constant at 220 Volis, and note down readings. 5) Repeat the step 4 for the set of next readings. 6) Draw graph 1) % Efficiency v/s Output. 2) Regulation w/s Output. Observation Table: Sr. | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | SECONDARY | SECONDARY No | VouTAGe | CURRENT | POWER’ | voLTAGE | CURRENT 7: Vi (volt) (Amp) _| Wi (Watt) _| Va(volt) (Amp) 230 0 20 | 10d! 0 2 | 930 0.8 100 106 Cv) ) [230 | bor | 25 | ova] te * | 230 15 (80 (ory)! 2-8 5 | 930 7 200 toot) 3:2 3 Calculations: 1) Output Power W2=V2x kb (cos @=1, since Load is Resistive) Input Power Wi (Wattmeter Reading) 2) % Efficiency = Wz_x100 Wi 3) % Regulation = E2—V2 X 100 Er First Year Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual 47Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engi Department of Elect i] - Output power= Wa> WexT, = UOxO=OW + Efficiency = Se x00 = roo Fads Rex = &- ee eueHen Fl HO=10' x 190 =O a \10 =; Wi] + Output power = W2= VXI, = 1O6XI= 106W serene WE 100 = 408 x100= 106 + Reguiation = E,~V2 xioo= 10-106 yigo= 3-63 Es 10 — i] + Ovtpor Power = W. =VeXT, = (04X18 = STW a Erticiency = 2 x100 . 12 (00> 14976 149-16 1 a Reguiation = E2-V2 x 100 = WO=104 og = 5.45 & 10 First Year Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Mar 48Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune - 52 Department of Electrical Engineering i1-Oorput Powers Wo=V)¥ Ip = (02X28 = 285-6 W EFiciency= Wr ,io0 = 2856 y100 = 158-66 saa 1f0 —— “Reg ulation = EaV2 ipo = |!O~102 x00 = 727 fa ug ~ \l+ Output Power= Wa=¥2Xtr = 100%3-2 = 320 0 * Efficienty= We x199= 320100 = 160 Ww 200 + Regulation = E2-Va /igo= \WO=100 x100 = 4-09. & 0 sae First Year Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual 9Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune - 52 Department of Electrical Engineering Result Table: [Obs.No. [Power output (W2) [% Efficiency [% Regulation Z oO o © z 106 106 3-63 (87-2 1U9-76 SUS a 285-6 198-66 7:21 E _ 320 160 9-049 Graphs: Plot the graphs of % Efficiency and % Regulation Verses Output Power Conclusion: First Year Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual 50Kort sae w Yaris 2CM= 1% 10 4 2 g s o 7 c 3S = 7 S6 A jad fe oF es ee $ o £ aad ass eerereterf t ats + > K a) 190 ipo «209 | «ato 6 | ade BBO x pS Pde Ootbdt) SeeHot 16O-T = 2 + e 2 ie Spy py Urey aya R SN pt & o + & ° + yo yoo + Or TS eee oO 50 do ($0. | 200 | 250 Boo | 380 “Sst Power Ovtpyt ——