Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Aip Handbook Section6j

    Uploaded by

    Naeem Khan
    8 views16 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views16 pages

    Aip Handbook Section6j

    Uploaded by

    Naeem Khan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 16
    6j. Colorimetry D. L. MACADAM. Eastman Kodak Company rr Cit. Lusuluveliy. Prowopic Luminosity, RELATIVE PHoTOPIC LUMINOSITY (j): Adopted in 1931 by International Commission on Illumination (C.L.E.)(intended to Tepresent normal eyes, for fields subtending about 2 deg, having about 1 millilambert Inmminanee). AB50UTE PHoToric LUMINOSITY (Ky lumens per watt): 680 times photopic lummi- nosities given in Table 6j-1. LIMINovs FLUX (lumens): 1% re Do Ha for spectral distribution of radiant energy, Pa (watts per 5-nm-wavelength hand). LUMINOUS TRANSMITTANCE: agaro nA se ao Pak 1 Sa > arw Ae Py aSte0 or for material with spectral transmittance r, irradiated with spectral distribution Py. COLORIMETRY 6-183 unmove nernonaes r: Substitute spectral reflactance ms for-n in either of above. Revisions of photopic relative luminosity data, recommended in 1951 by the United States Technical Committee on Colorimetry of C.1.E.: 370 am o.o001 380 390 | 400 9-0004 ° co 0015 oa 0.0002 420 | 490 eee ‘These revisions have not been adopted by C.LE. ‘Scotopie Luminosity. neLative vattes V' (Table 6j-1): Adopted in 1951 by CLE. (intended to represent normal eyes of young subjects, age <30, when observing at angles of not less than 5 deg from foveal center, under conditions of compleve dark adaptation). INTERNATIONAL PHOTOMETRIC sTaSDARD: Blackbody at temperature (2045 K) of solidification of platinum has fuminance of 60 candela/em* for bull: scotopic and photopie conditions. [ABSOLUTE SCOTOPIC LUMINOSITY Ky ‘Table 6-1. SCOTOPIC LUMENS, SCOTOPIC, LUMINOUS TRANSMITTANCE, AND ScOTOPIC LUMINOUS REFLECTANCE: Substitute Ki’, V", for scotopic luminosity in formulas for corresponding pliowpis quan j-2. Standard Wuminants for Colorimetry. The C.L.E, makes a distinction between illuminant and source. Source refers to a physical emitter of light, such as a lamp or the sun and sky. _Illuminant refers to a specific spectral power distribution, hot necessarily provided directly by a source. The definitions of the standard sources are considered secondary, as it is conceivable that new developments in lamps 4 fltere will bring about improved standard sources that represent the standard HMuminants more accurately. STANDARD TLLUMINANT 4 is the spectral power dis- tribution from a full (planckian, blackbody) radiator at 2858.7 K (PTS, 1968, ¢; = 0.014388 m-K). staxparD sovnce 4 is a gas-filled, coiled-coil tungsten- lament lamp operating at a correlated color temperature ot 2390.9 K. A lamp with a fused-quartz envelope or window is recommended if the spectral power dis- tribution of illuminant A must be closely approximated in the ultraviolet. No Tecommendation has been made for a standard source representing standard illuminant D, STANDARD SOURCES 8 AND C and their spectral power distributions are omitted here peeause the sources are ulsvlcie aud their distributions aro obsoleecent ‘These sources, distributions, and colorimetric computation data based on them were pub- lished in the first and second editions of this Handbook (Tables 6-4, 6)-5, and 6)-6). Fur general use in colorimetry, illuminants A and Duce given in the new table 6)-2 should suffice. STANDARD ILLUMINANT Dasco Fepresents a phase of daylight with a correlated color temperature of approvinietaly A504 K. (The odd 4 K resulted from the change of the International Practical Temperature Seale, made by the Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) in 1908, after all details of illuminant Dass had been adopted by the C.LE., which had used the value of cy = 0.014380 m - K promulgated by the CIPM in 1960.) OnHER ILLUwiNaNTs p: Whenever a phase of daylight other than Dass is desired, the following rules may be used to define it: 1. Chromaticity. ‘The C.1.E. 1931 z, y chromaticity coordinates of the daylight to be defined must satisfy yo = ~3zo' + 2.87zp — 0.275 and 0.25 < zo < 0.38. +: 1,725 times scotopic luminosities given io 6-184 OPTICS Scororic Luaunosity Daza* Taste 6j-1. Puorortc aw “Wavelength, | Photopie | Wavelength, | Photopie | Seotopie om a oa a i 380 0.0000 580 ORTH | 0.1913 385 © 0001 585, 0.8163 | 0.0899 390 0.0001 590 0.7570 | 0.0635 395 0. 0002 595, 0.0919 | 0 nana 00 0.0008 600 0.6310 | 0.03325 405 0.0008 605 0.5668 | 0.02312 410 0.0012 610 0.5030 | 0.01893, 415 0. 0022 615 0.4412 | 0.01088. 420 0.0040 620 0.3810 | 0.00737 496 0.0073 wz 0.3210 | 0.00497 430 0.0116 630 0.2650 | 0.003335 435, 0. ore 039 ozio | v.vuzz35 440 0.0230 640 0.1750 | 0.001497 445 0.0298 645, 0.1382 | 0.001005 450 0.0380 650 0.1070 } 0.000677 455 0.0480 | 0.5129 655 0.0816 | 0.000359 460 0.0600 | 0.5672 80. 0.0810 | 0 0003129 465 0.0739 | 0.6205, 665 0.0436 | 0.002146 470 0.0910 | 0.6756 670 0.0320 | 0.000138 475 0.1126 | 0.7337 675 0.0282 | 0.002026 480 0.1390 | 0.7930 680 0.0170 | 0.000716 485 0.1693 | 0.8509 685 0.0119 | 0.000052 490 o-zusu | u.4043 690 0.0082 | 0. 00003533, 495 0.2586 | 0.9401 695, 0.0087 | 0.00002502 500 0.3230 | 0.9817 700 0.0041 | 0.00001780 505 0.4073 | 0.9984 705 0.0029 | 0.00001273 510 0.5030 | 0.9968 70 0.0021 | 0. 00000914 BIB 0.6082 | 0.0760 m3 0.0015 | 0. ovv0660 520 0.7100 | 0.9352 720 0.0010 | 0.00000378 525 0:7932 | 0.8796 725 0.0007 | 0.000003482 530 0.8620 | 0.8110 730 0.0005 | 0.000002546 535 0.149 | 0.7332 735 0.0008 | 0.000001870 540 0.9540 | 0.6497 m0 0.0003 | 0. 000001379 545 0.9803 | 0.5644 745 0.0002 | 0.000001022 550 0.9950 | 0.4808, 750 0.0001 | 0.000000760 909 a.ovvz | 0.4015 755 0.0001 | 0.000000567 560 0.9950 | 0.3288 760 0.0001 | 0.000000425, 565, 0.9786 | 0.2639 765 0.0000 | 0.000000320 570 0.9520 | 0.2070 7 0.0000 | 0.000000241 575: 0.9154 | 0.1602 75 0.0000 | 0. 000000183, ©. 000000139) ot Color.” Avenue NW, Washington, B.C. 2 COLORIMETRY Tavte 6} 2a. Sructnan Pownn Disrateu tions oF CLE. Intesawasts A AND Deseo & | Re a | te 4 B) oe 33 a | az 29 | ie 33 21 a8 Ba Bl ig i ae | on ss | ih a3 B/ is 3a 5 | 28 ua 8) Bg nd fe | an 23 @ | id aa e) ee) fe |B | ee | ee 8) BB) HE |B) BES | go wl Be) Bp] B) He) BF ax | wr | or | wm | woos | ne 2 RE) 87 | 8] ste | Bs 8) 8 (3 | | BS) 88 2) eis |e | mee | as 60 | Sr'ai | 115/38 35 | ais.a1 | 72/5 G| ge | uss |e | gee] ge Bi fe HY | | Be] BY B) es lid | 8] Be] gs B) B28? |) # | ee | Be 500 59.86 | 109.4 775 239.36 65.1 2) gee |g | eee | ge 8) BB) es | BLE | ge oe ee eee ee Bl gel ine |p| dee | Be 50 | 92.91 | 104.0 || 925 | 259.85 | 58.9 8) es | 1S 6-185, 6-186 OPTICS, TABLE 0)-20. Srncinan Pus nat Disrwmutiuns ur Tut sunasie Disco ant isso | Daw am | SQ) soo | 0.02 | 0.08 || ooo | os | g7.2 gw] 2k or |] ow | vol 30.1 320 | 112 | 29:8 || eo | 42 | 83.6 330 | 20:6 | 549 || 630 | goa | 78.7 a0 | 23:9 | 87.3 || co | 923 | 78.4 aso | 27.8 | 62.7 |f oso | 8.9 | 74.8 360 | 30:6 | 63:0 || 650 | 90.3 | 74.3 avo | 34:3 | 70:3 || oro | 93:0 | 75:4 > so | 32'6 | eo |] os | wulu m8 F300 | 38.1 70.0 |} 690 | 79.7 | 63.9 oo | 61.0 | 101.9 |} 700 | s28 | 65.2 = fo | esis | u's |) mo | sas | 6st ao | te | 12.8 || 720 | 70.2 | 564 430 | 67:9 | 1031 |] 730 | 703 | 64:2 ao | S56 | ime | 740 | 85.0 | 69.2 450 | 98.0 | 193.0 |} 750 9 | 58.6 460 | 100.8 | 1324 || 760 8 | 4268 470 | 99:9 | 127-3 || 770 9 | ge 40 | 1027 | 1268 || 780 3 | BBs 490 | 981 | 117-8 | 790 9 59.1 + $00 | 100.7 | 116.6 |} soo | e73 | 54.7 sio | 100:7 | 13:7 ff gio | 58:7 79 520 | 100.0 | 108.7 || 820 | 65.0 | 52.9 530 | 104.2 | 10:4 |} a30 | 65.3 55.5 sao | 102.1 | 106.3 350 | 103.0 | 104.9 560 | 100.0 | 100.0 smo | 972 | 95.6 380 | 97.7 | 94.2 590 | ola | 87.0 COLORIMETRY 6-187 Pants 61. SeecTmaL Powe Fuxcrions ron Comrosixe Tuutiatsasts » | ram | ro | ro fd | ro | ror Pos so | 0.0 | 0.02| 0.0 | sw | as a2 sro | 8.0 {3 | 20 |) sto | sos a ao | be | ae | 2 |] eo | asa wo | Be | Bo | as | sw | seo a B3 | a3 | foe | 78 feo | asa or ao | as | as] 6.7 |) oo | are 7\ 73 eo] 8 | Sb | 85 || co | ae 3 | me eo] eS | Ge | cl ft eo | aco 3 | 88 wo | 8s | S$ | So joo | as | -136 | 12 go | se | S35] re foo | me | =o | ss Pee | es cis | ee goo] oes | 43 | cos |] io | ma | -20 | 85 fo | is | fe | ro7 || mo | ss | -s | 70 wo [re | ge] 02 | Be | fr | rive | ze ao] ee | 7 | cae | mo | wo | a2 | 80 ao | mee | aso | -z9 | a0 | os2 | 02] 82 wo jee | se] <8 | do | a | 738 | se ao ss | eo | cee | mo | ose | -2 | t4 wo |e) 3 | cae | tao | oso | -10-4 | 88 a0) ms | Set | Its | 00 | soo | -w05 | 7.0 Be jes | es | eo | | ee so | ust) 3] ira | so | as | es | 5s dio | toes B2) 213 | ao | see | tes] st 580 | 108.8 ee) rho | so | ae | cee | os so | 105.3 «2 | To's | ioe | 0:0 | “00 fo | ‘oo | - as | 9:2 So | ser | -3s | os 6-185 optics Tante 6-4. CHromaricrmies asp Muttipuires ror Composixe Ttnumtwants D Taner 0} COLORIMETRY Corom-suxrene Func! 6-189 88 FOR SMALL AND LAMGE FreLos ] am 380 385 395 400 405 410 415 20 > 430 435 ho 445 450 455, 460 485, 470 a5 480 485, 490 495, 500 505 510 515 520 325 530 535 540 B45 550 555 560 565 70 575 580 500, 505, 600 605. 810. ois. 620 625, 20) 50) 8 : : s 70) 0085 0105 0362 0879 1102 2078 3713 8456 sel 3856 6230 7826 7721 raat 6592 5281 2876 ‘a9 8130 6162 4852 3533 2720 2123 1582 17 #0) 0.0007 0.0029 0.0333, 0.0860 6-190 oPrics Taste 6-5. Covon-mixrunt Functions FoR Swaut axo Lange Fretne (Continued) dam} 20) 50) Buta) 830 | 0.6424 | 0.2650 9.0000 635 | 0.549 | 0.2170 ©0000, 640 | 0.4479 | 0°1750 e198 | v.00, eas | 0.3008 | 0.1989 0:1402 | 00000 850 | 0.2835 | 0:1070 0.1076 | 0:0000 655 | 0.2187 | 0.0816 0.0812 | 0.0000 660 | 0.1649 | v:0610 6.0603 | 00000 685 | 0.1212 | 0-046 9.0841 | 0:0000 670 | 0.0874 | 0/0320 8.0318 | 0:0000 75. | 0.0836 | 0.0252 e:ozz0 | u:0000 680 | 0.0468 | 0.0170 0.0159 | 0.0000 685 | 0.0329 | o-o19 9.0111 | 0:0000 690, $ 0.0227 | 0’ 0082 e.or99 | 9.07 | 0.0000 ovo’ F u.0iss | 0.0087 0.0138 | 0.0054 | 0:0000 700} o.o11a | o-o081 0.0096 | 0.0037 | 0.0000 705 | 0.0081 | 0.0020 2.0060 | 0.0028 | 0.0000 Tio | 0.0088 | 0:0021 0.0085 | 0.0018 | 0.0000 718 | 0.0041 | 0:0015 9.0031 | 0.0012 | 0:0000 720 | 0.0029 | 0.0010 0.0022 | 0.0008 | 0.0000 725 | 0.0020 | o:on07 o:0013 | ulus | 9:0000 730 | 0.0014 9.0000 | 0.0010 | 0.000 | 0.0000 735 9.0000 | 9.0007 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 “740 9.0000 | 0:0003 | v:v002 | 0:o000 749 0.0000 | 9.0008 | 0.0001 | 00000 750 ©.0000 | 0:0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 756 e.cwe | 9.0001 | 0.0000 760 9.0001 | 0:0000 | 0!0000 765 0.0001 | 9.0000 | 0.0000 770 9.0001 | 9.0000 | o°nana 15 v-vv | 00000 | 9.0000 780 9.0000 | 0.0000 | 00000 Taste 6-6. Maxnwow Possisue Luaivous Errictrncr Ke (in lumens per watt of sources having indicated cheemstter » |e=o1| 02 | 03 | 04 | os os | or r 2.7 | 475 | s00 | err (680 at = = 0.337, y = 0.659) a6 | 425 | sas | 620, | ore Os | 375 | 500 | 553 | 500 | grow 8-4 | 310 | 420 | 400 | Soo | SO" Tasos 0:2, | 75 | 380 | a0 | 385 | a7 | 50° | ange 0-25} 155 1 250 | 270 | ass | tad or | “gor | igs | i30 cerpolatons oa. by tabular interpolation. x Was published in "The Selene 2300 | 0.4085 | 0. 200 | 0.4860 | 0. 2500 | 0.4768 | 0. ~ 4° 2600 | 0.4080 | 0 2700 | 0497 | 0. 2800 | o-4817 | 0. pe00 | otal | 0 3000 | 0.4368 | 0. 3100 | 0.4208 | 0, 3200 | olasoe | 6 3300 | o:4170 | 0. 3400 | 0.4109 | 0. 3500 | 0.4053 | 0 . 3600 | 0.3097 | o. 3700 | 0.3045 | 0. 3800 | 0.3896 | 0. 4000 | 0.3804 | 0. 4300 | 0.3607 | 0. 2000 | o13a90 | 9, 8500 | 0.3324 | 9. 000 | 0°3220 | 0: 9500 | 0.5135 | 0 7000 | 03003 | 0. 7500, | 0.3003, 000° | 0.2052 9500 | o:zeu 9000 | o.2800 | 9500 | 0.2636 30000 | 0.2600 | uv. 20000 | o:2568 | <= | 0.2309 | 0. The spectral power distributions of daylight vary seasonally, particularly in the ultraviolet ( <400 nm), but these formulas and tabulated date should be used, pending recommendations of the C.L.E. concerning such variations. The formulas and data are believed to be sufficiently accurate for colorimetrie uses, but they should Bot be used for other purposes if high accuracy is needed. Direct spectroradiometrie 3447 3932 3003, 4033 4053 4133 4156 4152 aay 4137 4123 4108 4085 4008 401 4015 3989 3962 3935 3908 3879 3849 3823 3767 3635 3918 3410 3317 3236 165 3103 3085 2008 2956 2918 2883 2577 2342 ‘mencuremente should be made in such cases. COLORIMETRY 6-193 §)-8. Colorimetry Standard Color-misture Data. C.LLE. standard observer for color measurement ie determined by Us epeciflations for tne equaeenctsy spectrum as given in Table 6)-5. The tristimulus ratues are the amounts of thtce rolors neces sary to match equal energies of the indicated wavelengths. The value of j given in Table 6)-5 is the standard Inminosity function or relative lusinusity TRISTIMULES VALUES: X= 60 ) Ae Seo y= 680 ) Ag =F Gumens) a0 z= 00 Yas ate for spectral distribution of radiant energy Py (watts per 5-nm-wavelength band). For material with spectral transmittance 7. de770 nPit ase0 Relative values of Py are sufficient for determining tristimulus values X, ¥, Z of ial. For reflecting materials, substitute », for ra in above formulas. For samples subtending more than 5-deg visual angle, the values of io, gio, fu in Table 6j-5 are probably more appropriate than 4, 7, #, for colorimetry, but Y based 08 iz has no phowueitic significance. Data designed to facilitate manual computation of tristimulus values based on 2, 4, # for illuminants A, B, and C; blackbody sources of 1000, 1500, 1900, 2360, 3000, 3500, 4800, 6000, 6500, 7000, 8000, 10,000, 24,000 KX; and infinite temperature; for five phases of natural daylight and for three commercial sources of artificial daylight, are tabulated in “The Science of Color." + Citation at bottom of Table 6)-1 (p. 6-184). 6-194 OPTICS Chromaticity Coordinates. Turiayntal coordinate z= X/(X +¥+Z). Ver tical evordinate y = ¥/(X + ¥ + Z) Tiuminant z CLE, standard Avs. .....] 0.4476 GUE: standard Bo... 0 34R4 CVE. standard C222! 0.3101 GLE. standard Dus... 0.3127 Du 03324 Druee. 0.2990 cz, 1931 (z,y) piacna: Produced by plotting the chromaticity coordinates, z horizontally, y vortioally, to cq 18.4960 (u,v) ptaGram: Provisionally recommended for use whenever a projective transformation of the (z,y) diagram yielding more nearly uniform chromaticity spacing in desired; it§ formed hy platting w horizontally and » vertically, ty cyual svales, where : az Be + ay 4x oy “"X4FIY Se? °" XP YS one, 1064 Us, V4, TF*, coonvinare sistem: Frovisionally recommended for use whenever a three-dimensional color-coordinate system perceptually tore nearly uniformly spaced than the (X,¥,Z) system is desired. It is formed by plotting Us, V*, and W* to equal scales along mutually orthogonal axes, where, with 1 < ¥ ¥ 100 and ws, v9 representing light that appears achromatic under the conditions Prevailing in the application of interest (usually that is the illuminant), Wee wrt 17 | Ut = BA uu) V8 = BH — ») srectnom Locus: Curve obtained by plotting chromaticity coordinates z, y of w, » for all wavelengths listed in Table 6-5. DOMINANT WAVELENGTH: Wavelength corresponding to the intersection of the spectrum locus with the straight line drawn from the point representing the light source or illuminant, through the point representing the light reflected from (or tr ‘mitted by) the sample. COMPLEMENTARY WaveLENoTH: Wavelength corresponding to the intersection of the speztrum locus with the straight line drawn from the point representing the light from the sauple rough the point representing the light source oF illuminant. (used when dominant wavelength is not determinate). Ponttr: Ratio of distance from source point to sample point, compared with distance from source point to point on the spectrum locus representing the dominant wave. length (or, in ease in which dominant wavelength ia not determinate, ratio of distance from source point to sample point compared with distance from source point to collinear point on line jnining avtromitiee of the epoctrum locus), PLANCKIAN Locus: Curve produced when 2, y in Table 6)-8 or the corresponding ‘values of 1g, are plotted. Correlated color temperature of an illuminant ia the temperature corresponding to tthe point on the planckiaa locus which is at the foot of the perpendicular to that locus, from the point representing the illuminant in the C.I.E. 1960 (u,0) diagram. ce. 1964 couon-pirreneNce rorquta: For evaluating difference between two lovely similar colors specified by Uy, Vz, Wy, and U3, V3, Ws, SE = (Ut — Uy) + (FE — V+ OFT - c=, oe Thy Alternatively, COLORIMETRY 6-195 ‘This and three other tormulas proposed tor test tor the same purpose were published J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 291 (1968), which should be consulted for details. The following formulas, to the end of the section on colorimetry, are not recom- mended by the C.LE. or by any other organization. They are presented for trial ‘and use by anyone who finds them to be applicable to his problems. ‘GEODESIC TRANSFORMATION OF (z,y) CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM: This nonlinear trans- formation of the (sy) diegram provides the most nearly uniform plane representa tion of small-color-difference data for 14 observers. E = 3,750" ~ 10a* — 520% + 13,2950" + 32,327ab — 25,4910% — 41,6720" + Wa — 5,227 Va + 2,952 Wa in which a = 10z/(242 + S4y +1) and b = 10y/(24z + 34y + 1). = 4045 — 1850 + 525+ + 69a(1 — bY) - 30% + 30ab in which a = 10z/(4.2y — z + 1) and b = 10y/(4.2y—z +1). and are given royuare crivie of who svatcliing by the 14 gursual ube vers. All straight lines in the (én) diagram represent paths (geodesics) of minimum accu- mulated color differences, as evaluated according to the observer data. According to the Schrédinger hypothesis such geodesics [etraight lines in the (gin) diagram] drawn outward from the achromatic point should represent series of colors of constant hue. The point representing C.I.E. standard illuminant De is ALE = 8819, 9 = 2057 (CHROMATICITY DIFFERENCE between any two colors specified by (1,11) and (Ens) is Be = [(e — 8)? + Gr — a) SATURATION of color specified by &, 1, ¥: # = wi [(E — &4)* + (q — 0)", where w, = 0.054 + 0.46¥! (1 < ¥ < 80), and & and y. are the specifications of the achromatic color, usually the illuminant. HUE (Q) expreised as an angle clockwise from the verucal drawn downward from the point representing the achromatic color, in unite of sot hema ot mo where 0

    You might also like