WATER COLOR TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

Most of us started drawing when we were young. Back then, materials and tools were not that important to
us. Perhaps, they weren't even considered. A standard pencil on some notebook paper would often "do the
trick".
But as we grew and developed as artists or designer, the materials and tools that we chose became more
important. The connection between quality art materials and quality artwork becomes noticeable along the
way and it's no wonder that emerging artists desire to have the very best materials possible.
These are the essential drawing materials and tools needed for the production our drawing plates in visual
technique.

Watercolor Paints
Watercolor is produced in two main forms: Tube or
Cake (or Pan). All watercolor consists of pigment (color),
a material such as gum arabic (binder), and water
(solvent). Other materials are added to extend the
paint.

TUBE PAINTS
The watercolor paint found in tubes is thick. It can be squeezed out on a palette and thinned with water in
order to apply translucent applications. When tube paints dry. they can be reactivated just like cake or pan
watercolors.
Tube paints are best for intense colors. The color is naturally more concentrated than the cake form of the
paint. "Muddied" colors are less likely to occur with tube paints since contamination is less likely to occur.
Mixing colors is bit easier as well.
CAKE (OR PAN) PAINTS
Cake watercolors are concentrated blocks of pigment and binder. When water is added, the color becomes activated.
Colors are lifted out of the pan and applied to the surface. In many situations, cake watercolors are preferred. If you are
painting "on location", or just "sketching", cake watercolors are a perfect solution. They're easy to maintain and use.
One drawback to pan watercolors is that color can become contaminated rather easily when going from pan to pan
without washing your brush.

GOUACHE
Many people consider gouache to be its own form of paint. Gouache is really an opaque form of watercolor. It's capable
of producing results similar to opaque paints like acrylics or oils. It can also be thinned to mimic watercolor. Some artists
create paintings exclusively with gouache, but it can also be used in conjunction with watercolor to strengthen highlights
or intensify colors.
BRUSHES
The brushes that you choose are also a personal decision. Many artists find a particular brand that they prefer. You'll
also find that particular brush types and shapes will produce different results which can be used for specific applications.

Softer bristles are generally preferred by most artists. Sable and goat hair brushes are very soft and
both are popular options. Sable bristles have a bit more "spring" than goat hair, providing the artist
with a bit more control. For wash background and hold more amount of water and paints.

Soft nylon brushes are preferred by many artists for the excellent spring and
control of the stroke. I actually prefer to use nylon brushes for most applications. Good for detailing
and dry brush technique

Stiffer hairs, such as hog bristle, are mostly avoided. In some circumstances, stiffer bristles are used
for special textural effects. Example in splattering technique

MASKING FLUID
Masking fluid is a latex-based fluid that can be applied to the surface to preserve areas of the paper or previously
applied washes of color.
While masking fluid is great for added control in layering colors, it should be noted that it can destroy a paintbrush. It is
advised to use an old brush to apply masking fluid or a rigid tool, such as toothpick.
Once the masking fluid has served its purpose, it can be removed by gently rubbing with a finger, leaving preserved

areas on the surface.

SEA SPONGE

Sea sponges are absorbent and feature interesting surface textures. For watercolor painting, sea sponges can be used to
create textured applications. Sponges can be dipped in the paint and dabbed on the surface, transferring the physical
texture of the sponge to a flat pattern on the painting surface. Because sea sponges are each unique in their texture.
WATERCOLOR PAPER
The surface that you choose to work on is just as important as the brush and the paints. Watercolor paper is absorbent,
allowing for multiple applications of washes without much buckling. Watercolor papers are quite varied, but there are
three main forms.
Each form of watercolor paper is categorized according to its manufacturing process and the weight of the paper.

Cold Press

Perhaps the most popular form of watercolor paper is cold press paper. It is referred to as "cold press since the paper is
rolled on cold cylinders during the manufacturing process. This process produces an irregular dimple pattern in the
paper.

Hot Press

Hot press papers are a bit smoother in texture since the paper is rolled on hot cylinders during the manufacturing
process. Brush strokes are usually visible on hot press papers.

Rough Understanding Color Theory and Terminology

PALETTE
If tube paints are used, then a good palette is essential. Disposable palettes, such as palette paper, can be used
but tend to be a bit wasteful. Dried watercolor can be reactivated with water, so it doesn't make sense to use
a disposable palette in most circumstances. Plastic palettes allow for easy removal of the paint when dry and
are water resistant.

GRAPHITE PENCIL
While some artists go straight to the painting surface with paint, most
prefer to sketch out the subject or scene with a graphite pencil first.
Typically, these applications are loose and generally light. Some artists,
however, prefer to allow the pencil applications to play an important
role in finished work. Both approaches are perfectly acceptable and are
reflective of your personal style and preference.
If you do not wish your marks to be visible, I would suggest not going any
harder than a "2H" or much softer than a "2B pencil. Although the pencil
that you use is ultimately determined according to the amount of
pressure that you place on it.
WATERCOLOR RENDERING

INTRODUCTION:
• Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English) also aquarelle (French, from Italian
Latin word aqua means "water")
• A painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-based solution.
Watercolor refers to both the medium and the resulting artwork
• Watercolor paintings are considered a unique way to creatively represent dreams, ilusions,
emotions, and bright feelings using water-soluble pigments.

Understanding Color Theory and Terminology

What Is Color?

• Color is the visual perception of a wavelength of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.

• There are three main cone receptors in the human eye, and they naturally respond best to the base
frequencies of red, green and blue. Other colors are variations away from these main frequencies.

What is a color space?

• A color space is a way to arrange colors in an organized and coherent fashion. There are several
ways to do this, depending on application and viewing conditions. For example. the RGB color space,
corresponding to red, green and blue, is primarily used in transmissive color, computer screens and
televisions, where colored light is being transmitted directly to the eye. This is also called additive
color.
• Color can also be thought of as subtractive, such as in print on paper, where pigments and inks are
used to absorb certain wavelengths. Therefore what we see is what's left over, after the other colors
in full spectrum light have been subtracted. For subtractive color spaces, the primary colors are cyan
(C), magenta (M). yellow (Y) and black (K).
• The painter's color wheel is different from the printer's color wheel.
• A printer's color wheel works off of the same concept as a standard painter's color wheel except the
primary colors are different. Instead of red, yellow, and blue, the printer's color wheel relies on
magenta, cyan, and yellow, which are the ink colors used to print images. This results in different
secondary and tertiary colors.
Color Basics
A color wheel is an illustrative model of color hues around a circle. It shows the relationships
between the primary, secondary, and intermediate/ tertiary colors and helps demonstrate color
temperature.

Understanding the Color Wheel

Many color wheels are shown using 12 colors. Using this color wheel as an example, it can be read
as follows:

• Three Primary Colors (Ps): Rod. Yellow, Blue

• Three Secondary Colors (S) Orange, Green, Violet
 Six Tertiary Colors (Ts): Red Orange, Yellow-Orange, Yellow Green, Blue-Green, Blue-
Violet, Red-Violet, which are formed by mixing a primary with a secondary

Color Temperature
• The colors on the red side of the wheel are warm; the green side of the wheel has the cooler colors.
These color temperature designations are absolute. More subtle color temperature relationships are
relative, meaning that each color on the warm side of the wheel can be known as cool, and colors on
the cools side of the wheel can be known as warm depending on the relationship to their neighboring
color. Colors from the same hue, for instance red, can also be warmer or cooler than one another.
• Color temperatures affect us both psychologically and perceptually by helping us determine how
objects appear positioned.

Warm Colors
• Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow, and variations of those three colors.
•  Red and yellow are both primary colors, with orange falling in the midda
• Warm colors appear closer to the observer.

Cool Colors
• Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors.
• Blue is the only primary octor within the cool spectrum
• Greens take on some of the attributes of yellow, and purple takes on some of
• the attributes of red
• They are often more subdued than warm colors
• Cool colors appear farther from the observer.
Neutral Colors
•  Neutral colors include black, white, gray, tans, and browns. They're commonly combined with
brighter accent colors but they can also be used on their own in designs. The meanings and
impressions of neutral colors depend more so upon the colors around them.
What is a tint?
• A tint is a color that has been made lighter with the addition of white.
What is a shade?
• A shade is a color that has been made darker with the addition of black.
What is a tone?
• A tone is a color that has been changed with the addition of neutral gray. Sometimes such
colors are said to be less saturated, or more subdued and less intense.
What is a hue?
•  A hue is a perceptible degree of variation away from a known color. Since green is one of the
primary colors, our reference color of Pantone Greenery is considered a hue of green and yellow.
What are color harmonies?
• Color harmonies are groups of colors that go together well based on their relationship within a color
space, much like certain musical notes naturally fit well together to make chords that we find pleasing.
Color harmonies are not physical absolutes but are useful to the designer for establishing patterns
and creating color palettes.

These are some examples of color harmonies:

Complementary colors
• Complementary colors are those which are directly opposite on the color
wheel.
• In our example, the complement to greenery is a hue of purple.
Complementary colors have the highest contrast, and the most visual
tension.

Split complementary Colors

• Similar to a complementary harmony, the split has one primary (our greenery) and two opposing
colors that aren't quite complementary. These two helps to maintain the contrast but divide the
tension to soften the effect a little bit.

Triadic Colors
• Triadic colors are evenly spaced at three points around the color space. This
creates a greater diversity of color choices for the designer that can be very
striking, but it requires careful balancing. In this case, as with many others, it is
usually best for you to choose one color that's dominant and the others to be
supportive or used as accents.

Square Colors
• Touching on all four points of the color wheel with even spacing, a square color
harmony also benefits from using one color as the dominant. Also, this pattern
should balance warm colors (red, yellow and orange) with cool (green, blue and
purple). Notice that these colors are pairs of complements.

Rectangle Colors
• Similar to the square pattern, the rectangle also has four cardinal points evenly
divided between warm and cool colors, with opposing complements Notice that
the pairs of colors are more closely related to one another but still provide
Interesting contrast.
Analogous color
• Analogous colors are those that are closely spaced together on the wheel.
There is no exact definition for how close you want them to be, which is up to
you. This harmony is especially useful when a product's identity is closely tied to
one color family or to a color temperature. For example, outdoor recreational
products may rely on different hues of green to be associated with nature,
sunlight and energy.

• Monochromatic color refers to a color scheme that is comprised of variations of one color. You can
use any color to create a monochromatic color scheme. For example, adding white to red creates
pink, adding black to red creates maroon
• Saturation and value are two distinct measurements of color properties.
• Saturation is the measure of a color's Intensity Value, on the other hand, is the brightness of a color.
High saturation colors look fuller and richer, and low saturation colors look dull and grayish.
Saturation is not a matter of how light or dark the color is; saturation measures how pale strong the
color is. The brighter the color is, the higher its value.
• Hue (pure)
• Tint (hue and white)
• Tone (hue and grey)
• Shade (hue and black)

PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS

Colors give us a certain state of mind, can energize us, can cheer us, can make us feel safe,
calm, relax, can increase the ability to concentrate or remember us pleasant things. There are also
colors that depress us, let us remember the sad things, to be tiring or become irritating after a while.
We must take this into account when we choose our colors.
Colour psychology is used widely in branding and marketing but it's also a powerful interior
design tool that arguably has more of an impact on the mood of a room than any other factor.
Different shades conjure various emotions so when debating on which hues to choose for your home
it's key to think about the kind of atmosphere you want to create and which colours will help you
achieve this.
COLORS
TIPS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING YOUR COLOR
1. We take each camera and think about how long we'll spend in it and what times of day, what
activities will take place in that room and the mood we want to induce the colors used.
2. You have to see if the sun entering the room and what times of day, morning, afternoon,
throughout the day or at all (it depends on the room position). 3. See how big is the room. According
to this, use lighter or darker colors. Bright colors give the feeling of more space and the darker or
warm colors makes the room look smaller.

COLOR
BROWN
 Induce a feeling of naturalness and comfort
 Brown is usually composed of the following colors and shades: black, yellow, gray, green, red
or orange and even purple.
 Brown color can be very pleasant if we think of chocolate, coffee and cakes.
 So brown can give us a sense of security and stability.
 Brown color can be very pleasant if we think of chocolate, coffee and cakes.
 So brown can give us a sense of security and stability.
 In interior arrangements, brown can add depth And warmth.
 The neutral color schemes you can add a bit of brown to make them more welcoming.
 Furniture finishes and a beautiful parquet floor or natural colors can be very fine and good
taste.
 Or, if you use unpolished wood or wool textiles in natural shades of brown create a pleasant
rustic effect.

WHITE
 Create a refreshing and clean look in your home. People associate different things in white.
 White is used to create an airy appearance, quiet and pure.
 Black, brown or gray with white fit very well.
 total reflection, refreshing, clean, hygienic and sterile (medicinal) and contemporary.
 Makes a small space look larger.
 Nice backdrop for colors/accents, gives your eye a place to rest.
 White projects purity, cleanliness and neutrality.
 People associate different things in white. White is used to ciate an airy appearance, quiet and
pure.
 If in a room is used on walls, furniture or floor, white may give the impression that it is much
higher than it is and can give an invigorating freshness.
 To take advantage of psychological effects of the white color, you should not use it much, just
to emphasize certain things, such as windows and doors frames from.

GRAY
 Subtle elegance, conservative, nice neutral background.
 Works with virtually every color, except perhaps brown.
 Can quiet a bright hue, but can be suppressive, even depressing if used too heavily.
 Gray is associated with intellect and brain (gray matter)
 Gray interior give a formality that is subtle elegance without being too conservative
 Gray color effect depends very much on the color shade that you will use
 For example, if gray has a yellow tint may be depressed, especially if you have things in the
room in various shades of brown
  But a beautiful shade of gray, in combination with not very bright white color, can create a
clean and refreshing appearance.
 If you have too many gray areas will become. predominant and create a boring environment.

BLACK
 Use psychological effects of black color to create an elegant and bold aspect for your home. If
you use it in a smart way, black gives an elegant and sophisticated air to interior design.
 Most people associate black with death, mourning, widowhood, and generally with formal and
serious occasions. Black color is ideal to bring out certain things in a room.
 total absorption, associated with authoritative, formal, death, mourning serious.
 Graphic, great backdrop for white, neutrals, colors. Communicates sophistication, weight and
seriousness.
 Black implies weight.
 If you use it in a smart way, black. gives an elegant and sophisticated air to interior design.
 If it is put on a light or neutral background color, everything which is black will stand out.
 In conclusion, do not use too much black, but only to highlight certain things like picture
frames, small tables, etc.

YELLOW
 Use yellow color effects to give a bright, playful, youthful and optimistic air for your home
 The strongest and happiest color psychologically.
 Effects of yellow color varies with its nuances if you don't want to use it on the walls you can
use its psychological effects in other ways
 A pale yellow applied on walls or ceiling can bring a little sunshine in your home, while a darker
yellow you may be damper after a while.
 For example, yellow is great for standing things out.
 You can use smaller amounts of yellow accessories, flowers or pictures.

RED
 Use red to give a resonant and stimulating aspect for your rooms power, stimulating, energetic,
can increase heart rate and blood pressure, passion, increases appetite used widely in
kitchens for this reason
 Color of the highest arc in the rainbow, longest wavelength of light.
 Red flowers are usually pollinated by birds and butterflies, but not bee s as they cannot see the
color red.
 The color red often indicates a threat. but with a warmer shade you can feel very good
 A room with much red can increase the level of passion
 Like orange, red is known to increase appetite and thus is widely used in kitchens.

ORANGE
 stimulating color, food, warmth, fun, sensuality.
 Like red, it increases appetites and stimulates activity, used in many kitchens/restaurants.
PINK
 You can use pink color to create a fresh and fine atmosphere in the house.
 feminine, soothing, sweet, nurturing and physically soothing.
 Associated with romance. Too much pink can be physically draining/emasculating
 In most countries, the color pink color IS seen as a feminine color and it is often associated
with everything related to girls.
 In general, used in interior design, the psychological effects of color pink is soothing and
comfortable,
 Some pink shades. are fresh and sweet ness in them that can be associated with sweets

PURPLE/ VIOLET
 Use the psychological effects of color purple to create a luxurious and expensive environment
to your home.
 Spiritual, luxury and royalty. Highly introvertive, encourages deep contemplation (zen),
 Associated with power, royalty, fine quality, however, used too liberally communicates cheap,
poor quality.
 Reddish shades attracti more attention and dominate the room.
 If it has a bluish shade, it can be serene and calm and gives an air of mystery.

BLUE
 With the blue color you can create a cool and clear look in the interior design, you can use blue
to create an atmosphere. of work and meditation.
 The color blue has been shown to lower blood pressure and heart rate
 Intellectual, soothing, serene and mentally calming. Evokes restfulness.
 Least gender specific color. Can be perceived as cold and unfriendly.
 Blue is the world's favorite color. Most attractive color to mosquitos.
 If it has a bluish shade, it can be serene and calm and gives an air of mystery.
 You can use blue to cool a room with much sun and heat.
 if used in kitchen and or in dining paint, furniture or dishes, blue color is said to decrease
appetite and you can lose weight

GREEN
 Use the psychological effects of green color to create a calm and relaxing atmosphere in your
home.
 Balance, harmony, refreshing.
 Tints of green can be considered a "neutral" working well with many other colors
 Second only to blue as the favorite color.
 Occupies more space in the visible spectrum, most pervasive color in nature.
 Used for night-vision goggles as color human eye is most sensitive to and able to discern.
 Pale green tint used in older hospitals because it was the complement of blood, more restful to
the eyes when doctors looked away from their patients during surgery - visual relief from after
images from looking at blood.
 The psychological effects of color green color are perceived as calm and clear.
 similar to those of blue, green is
 Green is very soothing to the eye and nature gives us a lot of nuances.
 The best way to use green in the interior design is to combine several colors, or green
combined with other colors.