Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Improved usability
· Representation of status using sym-
bols to provide improved perception
· Insertion/deletion of lines
· Switching individual table lines to
ineffective
· Modification of number formats for
representation Change
· Comprehensive context menus and
direct help
· Table of variables can always be kept
in the foreground
· Identification of forced variables
System diagnostics
The function "Signal system errors" of-
fers a convenient method for displaying Symbolic address is leading
the diagnostics information provided by
the controller’s hardware components Fig. 2: Network templates for frequently occurring links
in the form of messages. The required
blocks and message texts are automati-
cally generated by STEP 7. It is only nec-
essary to load the generated blocks into PG/PC S7-300
the CPU. Transfer of the diagnostics TS
Modem Modem Adapter
texts to SIMATIC HMI® devices does not
require any programming. This func-
tionality is still in preparation for a num-
ber of SIMATIC HMI devices.
Import/export interface to ASCII file
format
To date, it has been possible to import DP
and export the following in ASCII file Slaves
format:
· Programs (since V3),
· Symbol definition (since V3)
and now also: S7-300
· Hardware configuration (from V5.0).
This means that all project data can now
be electronically processed, e.g. to
incorporate them into revision control
systems or as an interface to CAE sys-
tems such as SIGRAPH EMR. The export
interface can also be used for backing Fig. 3: STEP 7 V5 Routing - PG functions across network limits, also used for TeleService
up data.
The import interface can also be used to
adjust the hardware configuration on STEP 7 V5 Routing This means:
site, e.g. on setup. This means that you The new routing function means that · Easier to operate
no longer need to overwrite the whole programming can be carried out across · Centralized programming
project, just the HW-Config file. network limits. A programming device
which is connected to the CPU or com- · Centralized data backup
munications module via an MPI cable · Increased TeleService functionality
can now also program and maintain the
devices (masters) connected to the CPU
through PROFIBUS DP (see Fig. 3).
3
S7-GRAPH
S7-GRAPH:
sequential controls - no problem
The SIMATIC software package
S7-GRAPH is based on the STEP 7 pro-
gramming software. It is used for
sequences with alternate or parallel
steps. The sequences are configured
and programmed clearly and rapidly on
a standardized user interface (according
to IEC 61131-3, DIN EN 61131).
The process is described graphically,
and divided into individual steps with an
easily comprehensible scope of func-
tions. Actions can be defined for the
steps, and their execution controlled.
Transitions control the conditions
required for the next step. Interlock and
monitoring conditions are defined for
each step.
An interlock includes the prerequisites
for execution of actions, and monitor-
ing conditions serve to detect faults in
the sequence.
Advantages compared to LAD, FBD, STL
· Clear configuring of the process in the
draft phase; also advantageous in all
other process phases Fig. 4: S7-GRAPH in monitoring mode
· LAD, FBD and STL are mainly used for
logic controls. With S7-GRAPH, the · Option independent running: · Flexible design of sequential controls;
process sequence is of major impor- the required administrative section simultaneous and alternative branch-
tance (approx. 5 Kbyte) is then included in ing, branches within sequence
· Clear graphic representation of pro- every function block generated by chains, activation and deactivation of
cess using sequence chains; this S7-GRAPH. This is the solution for step
results in easy maintenance and small applications with only one se- · Programming in LAD or FBD;
adaptation of programs if necessary quence chain block. all transitions, interlocks and moni-
· Troubleshooting with integral diag- · Option with Standard FC: toring conditions can be programmed
nostics functions results in minimiza- the administrative section is stored in in LAD or FBD
tion of expensive down times, a separate block. This standard block · Extensive scope of language ele-
in particular for manufacturing pro- exists only once in each project and is ments for simple programming of
cesses used by all sequence chain blocks. conditions and actions;
The memory requirement is 8 Kbyte simple arithmetic commands (+, -) or
Design
or 10 Kbyte depending on the type of counters/timers can also be directly
An S7-GRAPH sequence chain block standard FC selected.
consists of the sequence chains and a programmed as an action in the step
general administrative section. Functions · Consecutive numbering of steps on
S7-GRAPH offers adjustable compiler 7-GRAPH has been certified in accor- request
options for linking of this section: dance with IEC 61131-3 and PLCopen · Online functions;
Base-Level since November 2001 display of active steps, status of inter-
and has the following functionalities: locking, monitoring and self-enabling
· Different views with compact display conditions, as well as executed ac-
of sequence chains: tions
- Overview diagram
- Single-page display
- Detail display pertaining to a step
· Compact, clear printing of sequence
chains; each page of the printout con-
tains references to the adjacent pages
4
S7-GRAPH
· Good performance through selective Process diagnostics The data relevant to diagnostics are
processing of steps. The processing The S7-GRAPH and ProAgent software automatically generated by S7-GRAPH.
time required for a sequence of steps packages (from the SIMATIC HMI range) It is only necessary to activate the corre-
is independent of the number of steps permit fast, specific process diagnostics sponding option in the compiler.
· Linking to project-wide documenta- in plants and machines by determining ProAgent effectively uses the diagnos-
tion system (DOCPRO) information on the fault location and tics data generated by S7-GRAPH. The
diagnostics. display contents for diagnosis and con-
· Synchronization functions;
sequences can be controlled and syn- These software packages trol of the plant/machine are automati-
chronized with the current condition · optimally support plant and machine cally created by ProAgent.
of the plant/machine directly from the personnel in the tracing and elimina- ProAgent is as an optional package for
PC tion of faults, ProTool® and WinCC®:
· User-defined interface; · increase plant availability, · ProTool/Pro, from V3
two possibilities are available for the · shorten down times. · WinCC, from V4
call interface of the sequence block:
- Predefined parameter sets; either
mini, standard or maxi can be se-
lected
· User-defined parameters for flexible
adaptation to the application.
S7-GRAPH
Display Vector graphics
Sequence control/structure Control in function block, structure in data block
Sequences per function block 8
Steps per sequence 250
Parallel branches 250
Alternative branches 250
Transition 32 conditions
Step 32 interlocking conditions
32 monitoring conditions
100 actions with system-internal qualifiers
Memory requirements
Sequence management With option With option
"Independent running": "With standard FC":
5 Kbyte per sequence block (common use of standard FC for all sequence
blocks of a CPU)
5
S7-SCL
The high-level language for S7-300/400 and C7
Application
S7-SCL (Structured Control Language) is
a high-level language based on PASCAL
for programmable controllers.
S7-SCL corresponds to the high-level
text language ST (Structured Text)
defined in DIN EN/IEC 61131-3. S7-SCL
is particularly suitable for programming
complex algorithms and mathematical
functions, or for data processing tasks.
S7-SCL permits:
· Simple, fast program development
hardly prone to errors by application
of powerful language elements such
as IF...THEN...ELSE.
· Improved comprehensibility by
improved readability and structure
· Creation of symbolic programs en-
sures problem-free modification and
reusability. Fig. 5: Declaration and statement sections of a function block
· Simplified program testing at high
language level using debugger.
The user is then able to formulate solu- Functions · Linking of symbols also in the debug-
tions for all automation tasks cost- 7-SCL has been assigned the Base Level ger
effectively and within a short time. certificate of PLCopen1) and possesses · Linking to the project-wide documen-
the following functionalities: tation system (DOCPRO)
The software can be used for all
SIMATIC S7-300 (recommended from · Integral user interface with editor, · Simple selection of library blocks;
CPU 314 onwards), SIMATIC S7-400 compiler and debugger a corresponding dialog window sup-
and SIMATIC C7 automation systems. · Language elements from high-level ports navigation in the library. Fol-
language programming, e.g. loops, lowing selection of a block, the
Principle of operation parameter template of the function is
alternative branches and branch dis-
S7-SCL programs are programmed as tributors. automatically copied into the pro-
ASCII sources and are therefore easy to cessed file, and it is only necessary to
import and export. The S7-SCL editor
· S7-SCL blocks can be saved in libraries enter the parameters.
for further processing in other lan-
provides various templates which need · Automatic formatting of input by
guages.
only be filled in. indentation;
· Templates for blocks (e.g. function · PLC-typical language extensions, e.g. colored identification of keywords for
addressing of inputs and outputs, or
blocks and data blocks) and the relat- language and comments;
starting and scanning of timers and
ed calls. the program remains clear and easy
counters.
· Templates for block comments, · Elementary and self-defined data
to read
parameters and constants
types for clear structuring of user pro- · Debugger with "Step into" functional-
· Templates for control structures grams. Symbols and comments addi- ity;
(IF, CASE, FOR, WHILE, REPEAT) which tionally increase the clarity. improved test resulting from facility
contain the exact syntax. to jump to the called blocks during
· Full-symbol programming and saving the test.
Extremely efficient programming is pos- of the complete program in a source
sible using these templates. file.
· Generation of an optimized code with
only a little compiler input.
· Display of cross-references
· User program test possible in high-
level language (as is the case with the
other PLC languages).
6
S7-PLCSIM
The simulation tool for SIMATIC S7-300/400
Introduction
Simulation systems effectively support
the development of new products and
the productive use of these products,
provided the computers exhibit the
Process simulation
Dynamic Test
required performance. In the world of
automation, a simulated test environ-
ment with associated PLC and process
can reduce the duration of the commis-
sioning phase, thus reducing costs.
If programming errors are detected ActiveX interface
early, and if the software is debugged
and optimized prior to being loaded in
the plant, the programs will show
higher quality, and run much smoother.
Simulation systems can also be used to
test edited programs prior to the pro-
grams being loaded into the PC on-site.
In addition, S7-PLCSIM can assist you
when converting from SIMATIC S5 to
Manual Test
SIMATIC S7. Existing S5 programs elect-
ed for future use in S7 can be tested
without an S7 PLC being present. It is
then possible to assess whether the pro-
grams must be edited, and what the
costs will be.
Application
SIMATIC S7-PLCSIM is the simulation
system in the world of Totally Inte-
grated Automation®. It is fully inte-
grated in STEP 7 and provides a
simulated plant environment. It lets you
test user blocks and programs for
S7-300® and S7-400® on a program- Fig. 6: S7-PLCSIM offers a user interface for linking to a process simulation
ming device or PC even without exist-
ing target hardware, i.e. without CPU,
signal modules etc. You can simulate Principle of operation Interfacing to process simulation
online access operations and use the S7-PLCSIM processes the user program The S7-ProSim interface lets you hook
test functions of the programming tools like a real CPU. Compared to a real CPU, up an external process simulation sys-
just as if a CPU were present. The entire you can choose between the operating tem. This interface provides dynamic
program test can be done in the pro- modes "Continuous operation" and "Sin- access to process variables.
grammer’s office. gle step". S7-ProSim uses ActiveX control and can
The following programming languages While the program is running, it is possi- thus operate with all ActiveX-capable
and engineering tools operate in con- ble to monitor and edit a number of pro- Windows applications, e.g. Visual Basic
junction with S7-PLCSIM: cess variables (e.g. you can turn on or for Application, or Excel.
off arbitrary inputs and outputs).
· LAD, FBD, STL S7-PLCSIM additionally provides hu-
· S7-GRAPH man-machine interface functions with
· S7-HiGraph the built-in STEP 7 variable table (VAT).
· S7-SCL
· CFC (and SFC)
· S7-PDIAG
· WinCC (installed locally)
7
IEC 61131-3
Introduction
The purpose of the international stan-
dard IEC 61131 is to produce world-
wide, future-oriented standardization in
the sector of programmable controllers.
It has been accepted as the European
standard and the German standard
DIN EN 61131. It is therefore the suc-
cessor to various national standards.
Advantages of worldwide
standardization
· Savings in software engineering as a
result of cross-vendor standardization
· More efficient training
· Portability of application program to
devices from different vendors is the
long-term goal
The standard IEC 61131-3
Fig. 7: Sequence language and structured text
Components of IEC 61131
The standard IEC 61131 consists of
seven different parts: · Ladder diagram (LD) Common conventions
1. General specification of terms and - Graphic representation corre- · Programming and communications
functional features for a PLC sponding to circuit diagrams model
2. Electrical, mechanical and functional
- Initially developed in the USA as a · Character set and keywords
PLC language · Elementary data types (e.g. BOOL,
requirements of a PLC
3. Programming languages for a PLC · Function block diagram (FBD) REAL) and combined data types
- Analog to logic diagrams (ARRAY, STRUCTURE)
- Global PLC programming languag-
es - Used in Europe parallel to STL · Declaration of variables
- Common language elements and · Sequential function chart (SFC) · Functions
programming rules (multi-lan- - Description of sequence chains in · Function blocks
guage) the form of steps and transitions · Parameter transfer
4. Guidelines for PLC users for many dif- · Structured text (ST) · Program configuration and tasks
ferent project phases
- High-level language for complex Criteria for standardized software
5. Standard blocks for communication calculations and algorithms
between PLCs from different vendors · Documentation of elements gener-
- Based on Pascal with PLC-specific ated according to the standard
6. Fuzzy Control extensions · Definition of specific limits (e.g. sym-
7. Guidelines for application and · Program configuration bol length, number of blocks)
implementation of programming · Features can be implemented which
- Graphic and text-based linking of
languages are not part of the standard
function blocks to generate a pro-
Standardized programming languages gram · Elements which could be confused
· Instruction list (IL) - Definition of different sequence with the standard must not be imple-
- Assembler-based language for pro- levels (tasks) mented
gramming with optimized memory - Primarily used so far for process en-
and runtime requirements gineering
- Primarily used in Europe
- Only a small, hardware-indepen-
dent set of basic commands is stan-
dardized
8
IEC 61131-3
PLCopen For this purpose, PLCopen has redefined STEP 7 - conforms with IEC 61131-3 and
Organization the Compliance Levels: is compatible with STEP 55
On the basis of this standard, various · Conformity Level (CL) In the context of SIMATIC industrial soft-
suppliers and users of control and pro- A certified PLC vendor uses a pro- ware, STEP 7 and the associated engi-
gramming systems have joined gramming language that conforms neering tools provide programming
together in the international organiza- with IEC 61131-3, i.e. the data types software for SIMATIC S7 which is largely
tion PLCopen which forces the use and and instructions used are implement- in conformance with the standard. In
spreading of programming according to ed in line with IEC 61131-3 STEP 7, the programming languages
IEC 61131. have been extended at various points in
· Reusability Level (RL) accordance with the standard to offer
Siemens is working actively with The blocks generated in a certified pro- users optimum programming conve-
PLCopen, and has included PLC pro- gramming language can be transferred nience and full utilization of the S7 con-
gramming into the IEC 61131 standard. to another system that is also certified trollers.
The long-term goal of PLCopen is the for the Reusability Level. They can exe- Furthermore, compatibility with STEP 5
multi-vendor portability of application cute on this system provided that com- was of greater importance at certain
programs. Further PLCopen working mon data types and instructions are points than compatibility with the stan-
groups are occupied with further com- used. dard (especially in STL).
ponents of the IEC 61131 standard (e.g.
training or motion control). Independent institutes assign the The following table contains the most
respective certificate following the important information on compliance
Certification of the programming sys- application of test procedures. with the standard. Points where STEP 7
tems from different vendors is an im- deviates from the standard, exhibiting a
portant prerequisite for software separate face, are explained in detail.
portability.
Exact information on compliance with
the standard is included in tabular form
in a file which is part of the STEP 7 prod-
uct.
9
Further software tools
10
Software Update Service
11
Technical Support
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