Laboratory work 1

« Experiment 1: The thermochemical measurements (Calorimetry) »

Davydenko Bogdan
ID 21B040271

Almaty 2022
INTRODUCTION

Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions and/or
phase changes such as melting and boiling. For measuring thermodynamic systems we using definition
of enthalpy - the quantity of enthalpy equals to the total content of heat of a system, equivalent to the
system's internal energy plus the product of volume and pressure.

AIM OF WORK:

In this lab work our objective is determining of calorimeter constant (K) heat, of solution of
anhydrous salt and crystalline

REAGENTS AND MATERIALS:

We used salts of KCl, anhydrous CuS04 and crystalline CuSO4*5H20; water. Also in process we
used beaker for solutions; thermometer(Pt); calorimeter.

PROCEDURE:

1. Take the beaker

2. Fill it with 80 ml of distilled water
3. Measure exactly one gram of salt
4. Install the beaker in the heating vessel
5. Install the thermometer (Pt)
6. Heat and measure the time of 3 different segments.
a) the initial stage is every 30 seconds, up to 5 minutes.
b) the main stage, after adding salt, 30 seconds, up to 5 minutes
c) the final stage, every 60 seconds up to 5 minutes.
7) Repeat for all three experiments
8) In the case of copper sulfate pentahydrate, calculate the right amount for 80 ml of water.
9) Write down and calculate all data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Temperature change C, when salt

dissolved in water
Periods of Time, min
calometric for the determinantion of K
experiments
Preliminary (5
1:00 24,167
min)
1:30 24,178
2:00 24,227
2:30 24,232
3:00 24,259
3:30 24,267
4:00 24,294
4:30 24,322
5:00 24,335
Main (the time
for dissolving 1:00 24,295
of salt)
1:30 24,171
2:00 24,126
2:30 24,128
3:00 24,13
3:30 24,163
4:00 24,154
4:30 24,217
5:00 24,219
Final (5 min) 1:00 24,267
2:00 24,318
3:00 24,38
4:00 24,407
5:00 24,465
Table 1.- determination of K

1. for the determination of K

24.5
24.4
24.3
24.2
24.1
24
23.9
2:00

4:00
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
1:00
1:30

2:30
3:00
3:30

4:30
5:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00

Fig. 1.- Determination of K

Fig 2- Determination of K (for dT)
 Temperature change C, when salt
dissolved in water
Time, min
Periods of calometric
anhydrous
experiments
Preliminary (5 min) 1:00 23,843
1:30 23,9
2:00 23,947
2:30 23,969
3:00 23,979
3:30 24,016
4:00 24,07
4:30 24,085
5:00 24,136
Main (the time for
1:00 24,778
dissolving of salt)
1:30 24,945
2:00 25,091
2:30 25,144
3:00 25,154
3:30 25,16
4:00 25,185
4:30 25,247
5:00 25,286
Final (5 min) 1:00 25,3
2:00 25,377
3:00 25,428
4:00 25,452
5:00 25,479

Table 2 - Anhydrous

2. anhydrous
26

25.5

25

24.5

24

23.5

23
2:30
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
1:00
1:30
2:00

3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00

Fig 3 - Anhydrous
Fig. 4 - Anhydrous (for dT)
Periods of calometric Temperature change C, when salt dissolved in water
Time, min
experiments crystalline hydrate
Preliminary (5 min) 1:00 24,215
1:30 24,248
2:00 24,271
2:30 24,296
3:00 24,34
3:30 24,351
4:00 24,389
4:30 24,426
5:00 24,47
Main (the time for
1:00 24,415
dissolving of salt)
1:30 24,462
2:00 24,456
2:30 24,483
3:00 24,489
3:30 24,504
4:00 24,535
4:30 24,555
5:00 24,562
Final (5 min) 1:00 24,585
2:00 24,643
3:00 24,676
4:00 24,756
5:00 24,765
6:00 24,828
7:00 24,856
8:00 24,856
9:00 24,924
10:00 25,01

Table 3 - crystalline hydrate

 3. crystalline hydrate
25.2

25

24.8

24.6

24.4

24.2

24

23.8
2:30

4:30

3:00

7:00
1:00
1:30
2:00

3:00
3:30
4:00

5:00
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
1:00
2:00

4:00
5:00
6:00

8:00
9:00
10:00
Fig. 5 - crystalline hydrate

Fig. 6 - crystalline hydrate (for dT)

CONCLUSION:
Heat of crystalline hydrate (CuSO4*5H2O) – 20 kj/mol. Heat of anhydrous salt (CuSO4) – 27,88
kj/mol. Found constant of KCl = 1,025 kj/C.
In this laboratory work, we worked with a calorimeter, thanks to which we learned to determine
the amount of heat from the reaction. We also applied the knowledge of physical chemistry in
calculating the constant for the calorimeter.