Unit 54 – From manufacturing to service

heavy industry light industry manufacturing service industry

industry
high-technology low-technology cutting-edge conventional
industry industry technology technology
privatization nationalization / public-private subsidy
state ownership partnerships
inward investment be on piecework child labor trade union
representation
sweatshops retraining reskilling multinationals
cost-cutting relocate and components assemble
exercise switch production
Black market Copyright Industrial piracy Industrial
infringement espionage
Money laundering
(illegal drugs and
terrorism)

* labor (v) work hard

1. As an English teacher specializing in IELTS preparation, I see myself working in
service industry. Since there is an increasing demand for achieving high scores in the
test, I have a great opportunity to share my English-learning experience to my
students with a view of supporting them to reach their potential. For example, most
of my students are often obsessed with the myth that they have to be equipped with
countless advanced vocabulary to get their expected score, leading to exhausting
learning process. I always advise them not to use words that they cannot fully
understand their meaning and connotation. I suggest making use of simple but
appropriate words to convey their ideas, which is more impressive on examiners than
fancy but inappropriate vocabulary.
2. Since child labor has been a serious problem, I would definitely not buy an item
manufacturing from child exploitation. If I did, I and child slavers would not differ; all
of us would be leading a embarrassing life at the cost of poor children’s lives.
Unit 55: Technology and its impact
Digital technology Be superior to Wi-fi Satellite
communications
GPS (global Satellite navigation Biotechnology Genetic
positioning systems modification
system)
Disease resistant Artificial ergonomics Ergonomically
crops intelligence designed
 Unit 57: From fossil fuels to windmills
fossil fuels oil wells offshore drilling coal-fired power
platfroms stations
coal mines gas / oil pipeline onshore wind solar pannels
farms
hydroelectric biomass tidal power and renewables
plants wave power
nuclear power geothermal power reduce energy power-hungry
plants consumption appliances
monitor consume a gas-guzzler food miles
energy-efficient carboon footprint oil and gas be finite
deposits

The devastating impact of fossil fuel consumption on global climate remain a serious
issue. Undoubtedly, most countries have resigned themselves to the fact that they
are heavily reliant on non-renewables for industrial practices and economic growth. I
belive that it is time for governments to take action more seriously to push large
corporations to reduce their carbon footprint and run their operations with more
renewable energy.
Firstly, since fossil fuels have still been seen as the most cost-efficient sources of
energy, governments should impose stiff penalities on companies relying on this
power and offer tax incentives and favourable conditions to more eco-friendly
businesses. These policies will encourage the companies to rethink and adopt to
more clean energy sources such as nuclear and tidal power. This movement can
initially be a huge financial burden, but in long term the practice will benefit both
governments and corporations in terms of environmental protection and economic
development.