CAN, COULD, BE(WAS/WERE) ABLE TO, WILL BE ABLE TO

We use them to talk about ability in the present, in the past or in the future.
FORM: can/could + infinitive verb // be able to/will be able to + infinitive
For example:
-PAST: “I couldn’t swim when I was young”
-PRESENT: “I can speak English very well”
-FUTURE: “I will be able to come to your party, since I live nearby”

HAVE TO, NEED TO, MUST, SHOULD

1. MUST AND SHOULD + INFINITIVE VERBS (without to infinitive).

Negative form: must not (mustn’t) should not (shouldn’t).
-We use must to talk about obligation (rules and commands), something the
speaker believes to be necessary or prohibition (musn´t)
“You must do your homework”  obligation
“You mustn’t drink and drive”  prohibition
“I must go to the gym”  necessity

-We use should to give advice or to say something is a good or bad idea.
“You should see a doctor”  advice
“We should go to that party”  good idea
“We shouldn’t go inside”  bad idea

2. NEED TO, HAVE TO + INFINITIVE VERB

-We use have to for obligation and when other circumstances make something
necessary. We use the negative form to say that something is not necessary.
“You have to pass your exams”  obligation
“I have to go to the bathroom”  necessity
“You don’t have to clean the dishes”  not necessary

-We use need to to talk about necessity.

“We need to study”

Exercise 1
Choose the correct form of can,  could, be able to  (affirmative or negative). Use a form
of be able to only if a form of can or could is not possible.

1Can you read this for me? I   see without my glasses.

2I've never   speak Spanish as well as my brother.
3After 2 years in China, I   speak quite fluently now.
4I hate   understand my French neighbors.
5When he was 40, he   speak six languages.
6After 6 hours climbing, we   reach the top of the mountain.
7When I was a child I used to   stand on my head.
8Yesterday I lost my keys and I looked for them everywhere, but
I   find them.
9Sally wasn't at home, but I   contact her at her office.
10If you tell him your problem he might   help you
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are
impossible or unlikely in reality.

FORM: IF + S + VERB PAST SIMPLE + S + WOULD + INFINITIVE

Complete the following gaps with the second conditional.

1) If I _____________ (be) you, I _____________ (get) a new job.

2) If he _____________ (be) younger, he _____________ travel

more.

3) If we _____________ (not/be) friends, I _____________ (be) angry with you.

4) If I _____________ (have) enough money, I _____________ (buy) a big

house.

5) If she _____________ (not/be) always so late, she _____________ (be)

promoted.

6) If we _____________ (win) the lottery, we _____________ (travel) the world.

7) If you _____________ (have) a better job, we _____________ (be) able to

buy a new car.

8) If I _____________(speak) perfect English, I _____________ (have) a good

job.

9) If we _____________ (live) in Mexico, I _____________ (speak) Spanish.

10) If she _____________ (pass) the exam, she _____________ (be) able to
enter university.

11) She _____________ (be) happier if she _____________ (have) more

friends.

12) We _____________ (buy) a house if we _____________ (decide) to stay

here.

13) They _____________ (have) more money if they _____________ (not/buy)

so many clothes.

14) We _____________ (come) to dinner if we _____________ (have) time.

15) She _____________ (call) him if she _____________ (have) his number.