Pakistan School, Kingdom of Bahrain

E- Support and Learning Material

Subject: Mathematics Grade:8

Unit 1: Direct and Inverse Proportion

Topic: Inverse Proportion :

Definition;
The relationship between two variables when their product is equal to a constant value.
If 1 quantity increase the other will decrease proportionally and if 1 decreases other will
increase at the same rate.
If x is doubled y will be halved if x is triple y will be reduced by 1/3.
If x is decreased half then y will b doubled and if x is reduced 1/3 then y will be tripled.
Examples,
 Speed and time taken.
 No of person and time.

Speed (x)km/h 10 20 30 40 60
Time taken (y) hours 12 6 4 3 2

If y is inversely proportional to x then,

Y 2 x2
= ∨x 1 y 1=x 2 y 2
y 1 x1
Method 1 by using proportion:
Q; 10 identical pipes fill a tank in 4 hours. How long will it take 8 of these pipes to fill the same
tank?
Solution;
Time taken to fill the tank is inversely proportional to number of pipes
Let x be the number of hours 8 pipes will take to fill the tank
Then, x1 y1 = x2 y2
8x = 10 × 4
8x = 40
X = 40/8
X=5
8 pipes can fill the tank in 5 hours.

Method 2 by using unitary Method;

Q; 10 identical pipes fill a tank in 4 hours. How long will it take 8 of these pipes to fill the same
tank?
Solution;
10 pipes can fill a tank in =4 hours
1 pipe can fill a tank in =10 × 4 hours
10× 4
8 pipes can fill a tank =
8
= 5 hours

Q2. 4 pipes can fill a tank in 70 minutes. How long will it take to fill a tank if 7 pipes are
used?
Solution;
4 pipes can fill a tank = 70 minutes
1 pipe can fill a tank = 4 × 70
4 × 70
7 pipes can fill a tank =
7
= 4×10
=40 minutes
Unit 2: Direct and Inverse Proportion
Topic: More on Inverse Proportion:
 Speed and time taken.

Speed (x)km/h 10 20 30 40 60
Time taken (y) hours 12 6 4 3 2
Product(xy) k constant 10×12 20×6 30×4 40×3 60×2
=120 =120 =120 =120 =120
If y is inversely proportional to x then
k
x y = k or y= where k is a constant and k ≠0
x
a. An equation connecting x and y
b. The value of y when x is given
c. The value of x when y is given
Q1; if y is inversely proportional to x, and if y =5 when x= 2,
find
a) An equation connecting x and y
b) The value of y when x = 8
C) The value of x when y = 10
Solution;
Y is inversely proportional to x then
k
Y=
x
K =xy
K= 2(5)
K=10
10
A) An equation connecting x and y is xy = 10 orY =
x
B) Y=? X=8 , k=10
k
Y=
x
10
Y=
8

5
Y=
4
Y= 1.25

C) X=? Y=10, K=10

k
Y=
x

10
10=
x
 10
X=
10
X= 1
Q: Given that y is inversely proportional to x copy and complete the table.
x 0.5 2 3
y 2 0.8 4
Solution;
Y is inversely proportional to x then,
k
Y=
x
K =xy
K= 2(2)
K=4
Y =? X=0.5 , k = 4
k
y=
x
Y = 4/ 0.5
Y=8
Y =? , x= 3 , k= 4
k
y=
x
Y = 4/3
1
Y=1
3
X= ? , y = 0.8 , k = 4

k
y=
x
k
x=
y
4
x=
0.8
X=5
X = ?, y= 4 , k = 4

k
y=
x
k
x=
y
4
x=
4
X=1
The complete table is
x 0.5 2 3 5 1
y 8 2 1 0.8 4
1
3
Home Work; Solve Q1-Q10 from Ex 1C pg #28

Unit 2: Direct and Inverse Proportion

Topic: Other Form of Inverse Proportion:
We know that If y is inversely proportional to x then
k
x y = k or y= where k is a constant and k ≠0
x
Similarly,
If y is inversely proportional to x2 then
k
x2 y = k or y = 2 where k is a constant and k ≠0
x

Q; from the following equations state that which two variables are inversely proportional and
explain why?
3
a) y = 2
x
yx2 = 3 where 3 is a constant so y and x2 are inversely proportional to each other
4
b) y = 2
( x +1)
y(x+1)2 = 4 where 4 is a constant so y and (x+1)2 are inversely proportional to each
other.
Solve the remaining parts.
Q ; If y is Inversely proportional to x2 and if y=18 and x=3 find
a. An equation connecting x and y
b. The value of y when x = 6
c. The value of x when y = 8
Solution:
(a) y is Inversely proportional to x2 then,
k
y= 2
x
k = x2 y
y = 2, x = 4 , k=?
k = 42 (2)
k = 16 ×2
k = 32
32
Equation connecting x and y is y = 2 or x2y = 32
x
b) y = ?, x = 6 , k = 32
k
y= 2
x
32
y= 2
6
y = 32/36
y = 8/9
c) x = ?, y = 8 , k = 32
k
y= 2
x
k
x2 =
y
32
x2 =
8
2
x =4
x= 2
Home Work;
solve Q1- Q6 from Ex 1D pg #33.