12 ‘Two dots (. .) placed immediately after a note or rest increases the duration of that note or rest three-quarters, Example Double dotted notes ete. equal to Double dotted rests ete. equal to The pitch of a tone is represented by a character called a clef, which is placed at the beginning of the staff. There are several kinds of clefs used in modern notation; however, in drum music, only two clefs are needed — the treble (8) or G clef and the bass(») or F clef. The treble clef, which estab- blishes the note G on the second line, is used for bells, xylophone, marimba, vibraphone, etc. The bass clef, which establishes the note F on the fourth line, is used for timpani, snare drum, bass drum, etc, The degrees of the staff and the leger lines and spaces represent the pitch of various sounds which are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet — A, B, C, D, E, F, G, These letters are repeated as often as necessary. The note called middle C is placed on the first leger line below the staff in the treble clef and on the first leger line above the staff in the bass clef. Names of notes in the treble clef. Treble Below the staff. Above the staff. orGelef. Oa the five lines. Inthefourspaces. Dp G BA G F EGBODF FACE Names of notes in the bass clef. Above the staff. Below the staff, Bene Deen A Bass orrtiet, On thefive tines. In the four 5 -G@ BDF A ACEG