feo wn herng oa seme Somer, ‘rss eau mb Norah ie reesng uts asrun wn 9H re nga ach tm, = aes mati cates pope we eb tn Be RE ath a See eae pn tno pens use oemngmnermcemveveer Oc Sica mun nd pet to | i" temic matte Stipe tne sede eta eu se oma Whe gy er it ope nd wr, Wee SNE iy cng ms ting ese ce fn Wa ee — de ge om a yoo anda ba fhe nono eleva Oo Es at aac een meaty wage sc nares by ncn i, “PSS Ses ake an rane eso 9 OT" (b)_ The aqueous solution of washing soda is alkaline. This is due to the hydrolysis of carbonate (CO?) ion. Fig + H:0ny > HCO;ug + Hay Catenion fiesta cn Hytonte en (rateshe ssn sais) 4. Adry pellet of a common base B, when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky, The compound is also a by-produet of chlor-alkali process. Identify B. What type of reaction occurs when B is treated with an acidic oxide? Write a balanced chemical equation for one such reaction. (b). Orange and lemon are « 2c in their juices, When the acid will release HT ions on‘Acts Bases and Salts 8, Answer the following (a) Why is plaster of Paris written as CaSO,.1/2H,07 How is it possible to have half a water molecule attached to CaSO,? (b) Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate an essential ingredient in antacids? (©) When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, three products are ‘obtained. Why is the process called chlor-alkali? ‘ans.(a) The formula of plaster of Pars is written as €250,.1/2H,0 because one molecule of water is shared by two formula units of CaSO, Le, the formula is 2(CaS0,)4,0. Thus it represents half molecule of H;0 per formula unit of (250, (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate being basic. neutralizes the excess acid produced in the stomach. Hence itis used as antacid (@ Blectolyss of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride cjves NaOH, Cl, and H;, Due tothe products CI, and NaOH formed, the process is called chiot-ahali process (Chior for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide). 9. (a) How aro bases different from alkalies. Are all bases alkalies? Give examples (b) What do you mean by dilution of an acid or a base? Why is it done? ‘ans. 2)_Bases generate hydro (OH) ions in water For example Or ec NaQH,y——> Naing + OH ag Ko KOH p> King + OHng 79 NO sag? Mg(OH) yg ——> Many + 20H ag Thus, NaOH, KOH and Mg(OH), are bases. Alkalies are hydroxides of metals which dissolve in water. Thus, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH), ee. are alkalies aso, All bases are not alkalies For example, Aluminium hydroxide AV(OH)} i @ base but itis not fully soluble in water and s0 is not an alka (6). Dilution of an acid or base means mixing an acid or base with water This is done to decease the concentration of ions (H,0°/0H) per unit volume. inthis way the acid or the base is said tobe diluted. 10. (a) 1 mole per litre of (A) has pH equal to 19 and 1 mole per litre of (B) has pH equal to 11 Which is stronger? Whether these are bases or acids? (b) The pH of a hydrochloric acid solution is 3. Does it mean that it has only hydronium ions. If not, how are OH" ions generated? ‘ans. (3) Both Aand Bare bases because theit pH values are more than 7. Since both are of shighily diferent concentration and the pH of Ais more than that of B. Hence, Ais a stronger base than B, (b)_ ifthe pH is less than 7, ie, 3 here, it does not mean the solution has only H” ions. t only means that the concenttion of H*jons is greater than those of OH” ions and the solution is acidic. n aqueous solutions, water generates both H’ and OH ions in equal amounts, in small concentrations. When acid is added to water, concentration of H” ions far exceeds those of (OH ions. (Similarly concentration of OH’ far exceeds H” ions when a base is added to wate) fS COMPETITION rocus Multiple Choice Questions 1. Many salts absorb water from atmosphere. This property is called (a) erystallisation b) hydration (©) deliquescence (a) efflorescence. [R 2. An aqueous solution of sodium acetate will turn (a) methyl orange yellow (b) red litmus blue (©) phenolphthalein solution pink (@) alll of these. a 3. On diluting solution of pH of 4, its pH will (a) remain same (b) increase (©) decrease (d) undergo a chemical change. Ju) 4. Which of the following will change pH paper bluish violet? (a) Dil, HEL (b) Dil. CH,COOH (c) Dil. COH), (4) Tomato juice &)36 questions in the The question paper comprises four sections A,B, Cand O. There re ‘gestion paper All questions are compulon (0. Secon: qusion a. 1 20-al quesns aga there! recone mat ach Tee ‘questions contain cbecve and very short amet pe questions. An be given none ward or ne srt (8) Secton-6 — question no. 21 1026 ae short answer type questions, cmying 2 Angie t0 these questions shuld in the ange of 30 to $0 mort. (9) Section-C = question no. 27 Yo 33 ae short answer type questions Anse 10 these questions shuld in he range of 50 to 60 words ( Secton-D ~ queston no. 34 to 36 ae lang answer type questions cing S marks each Anse hese questors should be in the range of 8D to 120 words (/) There 5 ro overal choice Howeve nema choices have Been provded in some questions A student has to attempt only one f he aterratives in such questions (40 Wherever necessary, neat and propery labeled diagrams shoud be drawn. vis each riyng 3 maths each Time: 3 hes. ‘SECTION - A 1. A certain compound is alkaline in nature. On exposure to air, it turns into a white opaque powder. Identify the compound. OR What is pH of a solution whose hydrogen ion concentration is 1 x 10“ moles? (@) 3 (b) 2 7 (@ 0 2. Name the constituents of baking powder. 3. Which one of the following will tum red litmus blue? (a) Vinegar (b) Baking soda solution () Lemon juice (@) Soft drinks 4. 10 mL of solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL. of e given solution of HCL. If we take 20 mL. of the same solution of NaOH, the amount of HCI solution (the same solution as before) required to neutralize it will be (a) 4mL (b) Sm () 12mL (d) 16 mL. 5. Which of the following solutions has the lowest pH valuc? (a) 0.1 molar NaCI solution (b) 0.01 molar NaHCO, solution Max. Marks: 89 0.001 molar Na;COy solution (d) 0.01 molar NaOH solution 6. Hydrogen chloride gas is an acid because when it is dissolved in water it gives (a) hydroxyl ions (b) hydronium ions (© salt (a) base, oR Acetic acid is (a) monobasic acid (b) dibasic acid (©) tetrabasie acid (@) tribasic acid 7. What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed with a solution of a base in a test tube? 8. Di gas on a humid day, the gas is usually passed ning calcium wx the preparation of hydrogen chloride through the guard tube co chloride. The role of caleium chloride taken in the guard tube is to (a) absorb the evolved gas (b) moisten the gas (©) absorb moisture from the gas (d) absorb Clr ions from the evolved gas. 9. A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to settle. The supernatant solution turns the pH paper yellowish-orange.(a) Lemon juice (b) Vinegar (c) Common salt (@) An antacid OR Equal volumes of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions of same concentration are mixed and the pH of the resulting solution is checked with a pH paper. What would be the colour obtained? (You may use colour guide given in the following figure.) ovrea veg fa) Red (b) Purple (c) Yellowish green (a) Blue 10. Mention the pH range within which our body works. 11, The pH of a cold drink is 5. What will be its action on blue and red litmus solutions? OR Name a sodium compound used for softening hard water. 12, Name a metal compound which has detergent properties (cleansing properties). oR Which compound of calcium is used for disinfecting drinking water supply? 13. What happen when (write balanced chemical equation) hydrochloric acid is added over a piece ‘of marble. For question numbers 14-16, two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these tions from the codes (a), (b),(¢) and (d) as given below: (2) Both A and R are te, and Ris correct explanation of the assertion (2) Both A and R ate tru, but Ris not the correct explanation a the assertion. produce a salt and water r 15, Assertion : Antacids neutralize the off of extra acid produced in the stomach dur indigestion and thus provide relief Reason : Antacids are mild bases. 16. Assertion : Sodium carbonate is salt, Reason : Sodium carbonate is a salt of acid and weak base. Case Based Questions fax4 17, Read the following and answer any questions from 17(i) to 17(v). “Indicator is a chemical compound which added to the solution in very small amount ¢ detect its acidic or basic nature.” As they show colour ehange in acidie and basic medium, they are also called acid-base indicators, In other words, “an acid-base indicator is that substance which possesses one colour in acidic medium. a different colour in alkaline mediui Indicators, basically, are coloured — substances either extracted from plants indicators) or synthesised in the I (synthetic indicators), A few common indicators are : Litmus, phenolphthalei orange ete, In addition to these there naturally occurring substances substances are called olfactory indies (i) Which one of the following litmus blue? (a) Vinogar (b) Baking soda solution (©) Lemon juice (d) Soft drinks i) A solution turns blue the solution is probably (a) 8 a © 12Acids, Bases and Sais (il) A solution in test tube *4” turns red lis blue, evolves hydrogen gas on a tine and does not react with sodines noon Whereas, solution in test tube “B' eee Hitmus red, liberates hydrogen gas on reaction with zinc and evolves carbon dioxide gas with sodium carbonate. Identify ‘A’ and“E. (a) “A’is an acid, ‘Bis a base. (b) ‘A’is a base, ‘Bis an acid. (©) Both ‘A’ and ‘B are bases. (4) Both ‘A’ and 'B are acids. (@v) Select the incorrect option. Indicator Colour in icine (@) Litmus Purple) Red as (b) Flower of Red He hydranges plant (Blue) (©) Redeabbage Rede Pink Green jee (Purple) (@) Turmeric Juice Yellow Reddish b fellow) (Which one of the following can be used as an acid-base indicator by visually impaired student? (a) Litmus (b) Turmeric (c) Vanilla essence (4) Methyl orange 18, Read the following and answer any four questions from 18G) to 18tv). The preparation of washing soda is carried out through following steps : Step-I : Manufacture of sodium hydrogen carbonate: NaCl + H,O + NH, + CO; —>NaHCO, + NH,CI ee nyegen catcete Step-4l : Thermal decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate : When dry crystals of sodium hydrogen carbonate are heated strongly, they decompose to form anhydrous sodium carbonate (soda ash). 2NsHOO,,, —+ NajCOs,) + COze, + H:Oip Step-II : Recrystallisation of sodium carbonate = Sodium carbonate thus obtained is recrystallised "to form erystals of washing soda. 105, + 10H,0,, —+ Na,C0,-10H,0,, Anhydroas Washing soda vortiam carbonate (Some of the uses of washing soda are given below: (D Its used for removing permanent hardness of water. (ID It is used in glass industry. (IID It is used in paper industry. V)it is used in the manufacture of sodium ‘compounds such as borax. Select the correct option regarding uses of washing soda. (@) Dand MD only (b) QD and II) only (©) MD and (TV) only (2) @, ), 1 and (tv) (i) What products will be formed alongwith water when sodium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid? (a) CO and NaCl (b) Na and CO, (©) NaCl and CO, (4) Naand CO (i) Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are (a) sodium chloride, ammonia and limestone (b) ammonia, sodium hydrogen carbonate and copper sulphate sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride and ammonia calcium chloride, sodium chloride and copper sulphate. (iv) What is the action of sodium carbonate on litmus paper? Turns red litmus blue Turns blue litmus red (©) No change on litmus (4) Both (a) and (b) (¥) What products will be obtained when solution of sodium carbonate and slaked lime is heated? (a) NaOH and CaCl, (b) CaCO, and NaOH (¢) NaHCO, and NaOH (a) NaCl and CaCO, © @ fa) ®)carbonate, the taste hitter. Baling fy juced, makes Sorwder in the mixture of baking soda and a mild edible acid. Generally, tartaric acid is mixed with baking soda to make baking powder. When baking powder is heated, NaHCO, decomposes tive CO, which makes bread and eale Sully. ‘Tartaric acid helpn to remove bitter taste due to formation of sodium tartrate. +, iad + + Nie "nae 404» 200, + HO + NaC HO, (a) NaOH (b) NaHCO, (©) NafO,10H,0 (4) Na,CO;H,0 (i) When sdium hydrogen carbonate is added to acetic acid, iLevolves a gas. Which of the following atements are true shout the gas evolved? (1) Mt turns lime water milky. UD) It extinguishes a burning splinter, (1 )t dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide. AV)It has 4 pungent deur. (a) (and At (by ), 01) and A) (ce) 0D), 01) and IV) (d) G) and (IV) (il) Select the correct statement regarding sodium hydrogen carbonate. (a) CO and CO, are produced during the heating of NaHOO,, (b) It is insoluble in water, (c) It in used in soda-acid fire extinguishers. (d) All of these. (iv) Acetic acid was added to a solid X kept in a test tube, A colourless and odourless gas was evolved. The gas was passed through lime water which turned milky. It was concluded that CD) Beking soda is sodium hydrogen. (GD On heating, baking soda gives carbonate. > “ GLIDIt is used for manufacture of soap. (VIIt is an ingredient of baking powder. (a) Land IV only (b) I, Hand Ml only () I and IV only (@ 11, end tv 20, Read the following and answer any four ‘questions from 206) to 20x). ES Sodium chloride obtained from sea water or of sodium and magnesium along with ct account of their deliquescent nature. For its purification, common salt is of pure NaCl separate out. The soluble remain in the mother liquor. The ex (©) Pure NaCl is not ic nature d (@) Itisabrown a (i) Nature of agu (a) acidie (©) basicAo Rises ane Sony 87 {@W In the given series of reactions, ¥ and Z respectively sire NaCl+H,0 + CO, + NH, x4 4/40, -co, +108%,0 ez (Q is used in removing permanent hardness of water) {@) NaHCOs, NaOChy @) NH.CL Na,CO, (© NasCO,, NUCL {@) Na,CO,, NaHCO, {iv) Which of the following compounds is alkaline in aqueous medium? (a) Na,CO; (@) Nach ©) HCO, fa) CuSO, () Some statements regarding salt NaCl are given below : {) Itis prepared by chloralkali process. AID Itis a white crystalline substance. UUDItalso exists in the form of rocks and is called rock salt, CIV)It is a neutral salt, pH value of NaCl is 7. Select the correct statements. Wand If only Mand IV only Land IV only 11 land IV only ‘SECTION -B 21, Two solutions X and ¥ are tested with pH ‘paper, Salution X turns purple whereas solution Y ‘turns red. Which of the solutions is basic and why? OR When the concentrated aqueous solution of substance Xis electrolysed, then NaOH, Cl, and Hy are produced, Name the substance X. What is the special name of this process ? 22. A salt X when dissolved in distilled water gives a clear solution which tums red litmus blue. Explain the phenomenon. 23. Explain how antacids give relief from acidity. Write the name of one such antacid. o © @ oR State which of the following will conduct clectricit G)_ a solution of glucose (ii) dil-hydrochloricacid Give reason for each. 24, (a) If acetic acid and hydrochlorie acid of same concentration are taken, which of the two is a stronger acid and why? (b) How is the strength of an acid affected when some water is added to it? 25. The soil in a field is highly acidic. Name ‘two materials which can be added to this soil to reduce its acidity. Give the reason for your choice. 26. Which gases are produced at the cathode and the anede when brine solution is electrolysed? ‘What is left in the vessel? Write the reactions involved also. SECTION -C 27, Identify the parent acids and bases of the following salts. Name each salt. Na,CO,, Na,S0,, CaCO;, CuSO,, Aly(SO.)s, ‘CH,COONa on (a) Explain why hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and acetic acid, a weak acid. How can it be verified? (b) Explain why aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity. 28. What is the pH seale? How can you know, if the given sample is acidic, basic or neutral from its pH value? 29. (a) What happens when copper sulphate crystals are heated strongly? Explain with the help of an equation. (b) What happens when few drops of water are added to anhydrous copper sulphate? Explain with the help of an equation 30, “pH has a great importance in our daily life” explain by giving three examples. 31. (a) Fresh milk has a pH of 6, When it changes inte curd (yoghurt), will its pH value increase or decrease. Why? (b) The pH values of three acids 4, B and C having equal molar concentrations are 5.0, 2.8 and 3.5 respectively: Arrange these acids in order of their increasing acidic strength. i j