Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aim: To investigate the universality of DNA by testing for its presence in two different plant
species, onions and bananas.
Introduction
This is what DNA looks like once it has been extracted. Safety
Starter Questions: Wear eye protection
2. Which parts of the cell will need to be broken down to get the DNA out?
Hypothesis
If DNA is universal then DNA in Onions and bananas will look the same.
Apparatus
Method
1. Make a ‘lysis solution’ by mixing; 10ml of washing liquid 1.5g of table salt into a 250
ml beaker. Add distilled water to make a final volume of 100ml. Dissolve the salt by
stirring slowly to avoid foaming.
2. Heat this solution to 60°C using a water bath.
3. Chop half an onion and half a banana separately
into tiny pieces on a tile and put them into a
250ml beaker.
4. Cover each chopped sample with 50 ml of the
warm lysis solution from step 2.
(The liquid detergent causes the cell membrane
to break down by disrupting the bonds that hold
the cell membrane together. The detergent also
causes lipids and proteins to precipitate out of the solution.)
5. Stir each beaker and incubate for 10-12 minutes in the
water bath at 60 °C.
During this time, press the chopped onion mixture
against the side of the beaker with the back of the spoon.
(Do not keep the mixture in the hot water bath for more
than 15 minutes because the DNA will begin to break
down.)
6. Remove beaker from the water bath and place on ice for 5 minutes. During this time,
press the chopped onion mixture against the side of the beaker with the back of the
spoon. This step slows the breakdown of DNA.
7. Pour mixture onto a Buchner funnel on a conical flask placed on ice. When you filter
each mixture, try to keep the foam from getting into the filtrate. It sometimes filters
slowly, so be patient.
8. Pour about 5 ml of filtrate into individual test tubes that are placed in ice bath.
The test tubes should be no more than 1/3 full.
9. Slowly run the alcohol down the inside of the
test tube with a teat pipette. This will create
an alcohol layer on top of about 1 cm. For
best results, the alcohol should be as cold as
possible.
10. Let the solution sit for 2-3 minutes without disturbing it.
It is important not to shake the test tube. You can watch the white DNA precipitate
out into the alcohol layer. There should be enough DNA to wrap on to a tooth pick.
DNA looks like white fluff.
1. Compare the Onion and the Banana DNA which you extracted. What are the
similarities and differences?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Extension Questions
1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) ionizes in solution, i.e., NaCl Na+ and Cl-. How do you think
the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA will respond to the Na + and Cl-
ions?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. If you had access to a high tech laboratory, what investigations could you do with the
DNA that was extracted from the onion and banana?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Further information
Excellent FaQ page at the University of Utah:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/extraction/howto/faq.html