Digital Signal

Processing
(15B11EC413)
Lecture 20: Filter Design - Ideal

Dr. Hemant Kumar

Table of Contents
• LTI Systems as Frequency Selective Filters
• Ideal Filter
• Ideal Filter - Envelope Delay
• Ideal-Low Pass Filter
LTI Systems as Frequency Selective Filters
Filter is something which discriminate

In this case we want filter to discriminate in terms of frequency

This will allow us to make a filter which discriminate in terms of frequency

LTI Systems as Frequency Selective Filters

1. Filter should have constant gain

over passband

2. Filter should have zero gain over

stopband

3. Filter should have linear phase

response
Ideal Filter

If a signal is passed through a filter with frequency response

We Know,
Ideal Filter - Envelope Delay

Then,
Comparing with

A pure delay is tolerable and is not considered distortion in the

signal, neither amplitude scaling

Differentiating phase

Provides pure delay

Envelope Delay

Then, all frequency component goes through constant delay

Then output of the filter is distorted as every

frequency will suffer different delay
Ideal-Low Pass Filter

LP
F

Then,
Ideal-Low Pass Filter

LP
F

That’s mean an ideal filter is not physically realizable

Placement of Pole and Zeros
The basic principle underlying the pole-zero placement method is:

To locate poles near points of the unit circle corresponding to frequency to be emphasised

To place zeros near frequencies to be deemphasised

The constraints to be imposed for filter design

All poles should be placed inside the unit circle in order for the
filter to be stable. However, zeros can be placed anywhere in
z-plane.

All complex zeros and poles must occur in complex conjugate pairs
in order for the coefficients of filter to be real.
References
• J. G. Proakis & D. G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing,
Principles, Algorithms and Applications, Fourth edition, PHI, 2007.