NSTP M 1-5 “Malolos Constitution”

III. AMERICAN PERIOD

MODULE 1  Treaty of Paris
NATION- a territory where all the people are led by the same  Military government (1898)
government.  Civil government (1901)
- group of people who share a history, traditions, culture and, often,  Commonwealth government (1934)
languag (even with no country.) “Tydings Mc Duffie Law”
IV. JAPANESE PERIOD
NATION-BUILDING - constructing or structuring a national identity  Japanese Military Administration (1942)
using the power of the state.  The Philippine Executive Commission
- aims at the unification of the people within the state.  The Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines (1943)
CITIZENSHIP - a natural-born citizen is a person born of one or both V. The PROVISIONAL GOV’T. of 1986
parents who are Filipino citizens at the time of birth.  Revolutionary
 De jure/de facto
CONCEPT OF STATE  Constitutional
A community of persons more or less numerous, permanently  Democratic
occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their  Powers
own, to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and  Provisional Constitution
enjoying freedom from external control.
ELEMENTS OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION - is a written instrument by which the fundamental
powers of the government are established, limited and defined by which
1. People - the inhabitants of the state.
these powers are distributed among the several departments/branches for
2. Territory – the fixed portion inhabited by the state’s people.
the benefit of the people.
3. Government – the agency through which the will of the state is
expressed and carried out. NATURE & PURPOSE OF CONSTITUTION
4. Sovereignty – the supreme power of the state to command and enforce 1. Supreme/Fundamental Law - the law to which all other laws must
obedience. conform.
STATE GOVERNMENT - Constitution is binding on all citizens and all organs of the government.
principal agent It is
abstraction externalize the will of the state 2. Basic Framework - Constitution is providing system to the
cannot exist without the government can exist without a state government; assigning powers and duties to different government
departments/branches; protecting the rights of individuals against arbitrary
cannot be changed so long as the can be changed actions of the government.
elements are present
Requisites Of a Good Written Constitution
A. As to form B. As to contents
STATE NATION 1. Brief 1. Constitution of government
legal/political concept ethnic concept 2. Broad 2. Constitution of liberty
one state may consist of one or more one nation may be made up of several
3. Definite 3. Constitution of sovereignty
nations states
CONSTITUTION STATUTE
FORMS of GOVERNMENT a legislation direct from the people a legislation from the people’s
representatives
A. Number Of Persons Exercising Sovereign Powers merely states the general framework of provides the details of the subject it
1. Monarchy – final authority is in the hands of a single person the law treats
2. Aristocracy – power is exercised by a few privileged class. not merely to meet existing conditions to meet existing conditions only
3. Democracy – power is exercised by a majority of people. but to govern the future
B. Extent Of Powers By The Central Government the supreme or fundamental law Law born-out from the Constitution
1. Unitary government – national and local affairs is exercised by the
central or national government. CONSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE
2. Federal government – powers of government are divided between
PHILIPPINES
two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local
affairs. I. Malolos Constitution (January 23, 1899 to March 23, 1901)
C. Relationship Between The Executive And The Legislative Branches September 15, 1898 - Congress met in Malolos, Bulacan and
Of The Government framed the Malolos Constitution.
1. Parliamentary government – state confers upon the legislature the II. 1935 Constitution
power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. March 24, 1934 – Pres. Roosevelt authorized the calling of a
2. Presidential government – state makes the executive independent constitutional convention to draft a constitution of the Philippines
of the legislature as regards his tenure, policies and acts. March 23, 1935 – Pres. Roosevelt approved the
Constitution.
GOVERNMENT of the PHILIPPINES in TRANSITION May 14, 1935 – Filipinos ratified the Constitution
I. PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT III. 1973 Constitution
 Barangay March 16, 1967 – Congress authorized the holding of a
 Datu constitutional convention
 Social classes June 1, 1971 – the convention started to rewrite the Constitution
 Early laws November 30, 1972 – the proposed Constitution was signed
II. SPANISH PERIOD September 21, 1972 – Pre. Marcos placed the entire country
 Ferdinand Magellan (1521) under martial law
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1566) January 17, 1973 – Filipinos ratified the Constitution
 Katipunan government (1892) IV. Freedom Constitution
 Biak na Bato Republic (1897) February 22-25, 1986 - 4 day people power revolt
 Dictatorial government (1898) March 25, 1986 - Freedom Constitution was promulgated
“Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite” V. 1987 Constitution
 Revolutionary government (1898) April 23, 1986 - Constitutional Commission was created to draft
 First Philippine Republic (1898) the proposed Constitution
 June 2, 1986 - the Constitutional Commission convened
October 15, 1986 - draft of the Constitution was finished
February 2, 1987 - the 1987 Constitution was ratified by the people
on a plebiscite
DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO CITIZEN
1. It is the duty of every Filipino to respect, honor and give due accord to
his Filipino heritage, patrimony, values and tradition.
2. It is the duty of every Filipino to contribute to the development, welfare
and nation-building of its country.
3. It is the duty of every Filipino to engage in gainful work to assure
himself and his family a life of worthy of human dignity.
4. Loyalty to the federal republic and national consciousness, aspirations
and ideals shall be asked from every Filipino citizen.
5. Every Filipino citizen is asked to uphold this Constitution, obey the
laws of the land, pay taxes and duties, and to cooperate with the duly
constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just and
orderly society.
6. Every Filipino citizen must give due honor to the Philippine flag,
National Anthem, Philippine President and other national symbols and
emblems.
7. It is the duty of very Filipino citizen to defend the national territory
from aggressive invaders, protect the sovereignty of its people, and
preserve the continuity of a just, human society and government.
8. It is the duty of every Filipino to report to the proper authorities all
plots of terrorism, plans of rebellion, subversion, or insurrection toward
the duly and legally acknowledge government, and other acts that will
compromise the union and sovereignty of the federal republic.
9. It is the obligation of every Filipino, to report corrupt, dishonest or
fraudulent government officials to the proper forum, courts and agencies.
A Filipino shall not tempt or bribe government officials, steal from the
coffers of the government, or escape or abandon his lawful
responsibilities.
10. It is the responsibilities of every Filipino to elect officials of
government as a means of demonstrating his personal ideas and
aspirations for the motherland. Omission or abstention from this
responsibility may indicate a person’s renunciation of his rights of
suffrage. No fine or inappropriate or excessive penalty shall be asked from
him as reparation for his choice not to vote. People, who lost their social
right of suffrage, may reclaim such rights accordance of law.
5) Symbol – any conventional sign that shows man’s achievement
and heroism, identification, authority and a sign of dignity
6) Half-mast – is the lowering of the flag to the middle of the pole
7) Halyard – the long rope used for raising and lowering the flag
8) Inclement Weather – when there is a typhoon signal raised in a
locality
9) National Anthem – the “Lupang Hinirang”, Philippine National
Anthem
10) Official Residences – is Malacanang and other government-
owned structures where the President lives, and other structures
occupied by the Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad
11) Places of Frivolity – places of hilarity marked by or providing
boisterous merriment or recreation
12) Advertisement or Infomercial – these are any information
material, printed or through radio, television and electronic media
which seeks to promote individuals, products or services, political
purposes or information campaigns
13) Heraldic Items and Devices – are coat-of-arms, seals, logos,
insignia, badges, flashes, patches, orders and decorations, medals,
stars, citations, lapel pins, trophies, dry, wax or wet seals, and
imprints on letterheads, envelops and cards
14) Government Entities – all branches of government, its bureaus
and attached agencies, constitutional offices, government owned
and/or controlled corporations, government financial institutions,
state universities and colleges, Armed Forces of the Philippines and
its basic units
15) Vexillary Items – national, local house flags or administrative and
corporate organization’s banner

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1) Military – means all the branches of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines including the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection
2) Festoon – to hang in a curved shape between two points as a
decoration
3) National Flag – is the National Flag and Ensign of the
Philippines, use on land and sea by public, private and the military
and shall refer to the flag or any other design that resembles it as
likely to cause any person to believe that it is the flag or design
stated.
4) Fly – is the part of the flag outside the hoist or length
 NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS THE GREAT SEAL
(SAGISAG NG PILIPINAS)

REPUBLIC ACT 9418 – VOLUNTEER ACT

MODULE 2
Most drug users start their habit early, usually during their teenage
years. Adolescence is the period of experimentation, exploration,
curiosity, and search for identity.
Ten Reasons Why People Using Drugs (Recovery Connection,
2019)
a. EXPERIMENTING - Drug Abuse is a scenario that often starts
with a young person using out of curiosity.
b. FAMILY HISTORY / GENETICS - about 30% – 70% of a
person’s risk for addiction is linked to the genes they are born with along
with other social factors.
c. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS - many individuals are not properly
educated on the risks that the medications may carry.
d. LONELINESS - when individuals feel lonely and isolated they turn
to drugs and alcohol thinking that it will fill a void.
e. PEER PRESSURE - need to fit in, on some level, is built into each
and every one of us.
f. DRUGS AND ALCOHOL CAN MAKE YOU FEEL GOOD -
“Men and women drink essentially because they like the effect produced
by alcohol.”
g. MENTAL HEALTH DISORDER - Depression, anxiety, and
PTSD can put individuals at higher risk of developing an addiction.
h. RECREATION - some people often see substances as a way to
relax or clear their minds.
i. ALCOHOL ISN’T ENOUGH - Some individuals end up “chasing
a buzz” that they were once able to attain with a few drinks.
j. SELF- MEDICATING - People struggling with any of a multitude
of ailments may turn to drugs or alcohol to ease their pain.
WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?
THE FILIPINO VALUES PRESENTED IN THE - is the continuous misuse of any substance.
PREAMBLE HAVE BEEN SIMPLIFIED AND - It may refer to any of the following practices:
CATEGORIZED INTO THE FOLLOWING:  Using without benefit or prescription, useful drugs which has
the capacity to alter mood or behavior;
 Using drugs and substances for a purpose different from the
one for which the drug has been prescribed;and
 Using drugs and substances having no legitimate medical
application for purposes other than research.
ARE THERE PRODUCTS OTHER DRUG EVER ABUSED?
 Glue
 Paint thinners
 Gasoline
 other volatile (breathable) solvents contain a variety of dangerous
chemicals.
WHAT IS A DRUG ABUSER?
1. Stimulants - increase alertness and physical disposition.
Examples: amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine
2. Hallucinogens (Psychedelics) - affect sensation, thinking, self-
awareness and emotion.
Examples: LSD, Mescaline, and Marijuana
3. Sedatives - may reduce anxiety and excitement.
Examples: Barbiturates, Non-barbiturates, Tranquilizers, Alcohol 2. Occasional Users – abuse the drug once every two (2) weeks to two
4. Narcotics - relieve the pain and often induce sleep. (2) times a week.
Examples: Opium and its derivatives such as Morphine, Heroin, Codeine 3. Regular Users – abuse the drug on a regular basis approximately
three (3) to four (4) times a week or every other day.
HOW CAN YOU TELL WHEN ONE IS ABUSING DRUGS? 4. Drug Dependents – people who tend to abuse the drug(s) everyday
 Changes in behavior (almost everyday) or about five (5) to seven (7) times a week.
 In appearance 5. Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser/Substance Induced Psychosis –
 In mood drug abusers who manifest signs and symptom of psychotic
The profile of a drug dependent or a substance abuser is as follows: disorders caused by the effects of drugs (hallucinations,
 Changes in attendance in school or work disorientation, delusions, etc.)
 Changes in the normal capabilities in school/work
 Abrupt changes in overall attitude WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?
 Generally lazy, irritable, discourteous, aggressive - is a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by
 Usually untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence excessive drug craving, seeking, and use.
 Manipulative
 Have a distorted view of reality
 Low frustration tolerance
 Con-game player
 Lacks interest in his studies/work (withdrawal
from responsibilities)
 Blames everybody but himself (blame tosser)
 No respect for the rights of others
 Prefers to stay with peers (barkada)
 May frequently go to odd places (to take drugs)
 Poor physical appearance (unconcerned with
grooming and hygiene)
 Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times
 Unusual effort to cover arms to hide needle marks (long- sleeved
garments)
 Stealing items which can be readily sold WHAT IS DRUG DEPENDENCY?
 Unusual borrowing of money from relatives - the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a
and friends dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person following the use of
 Association with known drug abusers that substance on a periodic or continuous basis.
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE THE FOLLOWING ARE THE CRITERIA FOR DRUG
1. Physiological/Physical Effects DEPENDENCY:
A. Systemic  Withdrawal symptoms
i. Cardiac (Heart) Pathology  Need to take drugs to overcome withdrawal symptoms
ii. Pulmonary  Compulsion
iii. Hepatic(Liver) Problems  Tolerance Relapse
iv. Renal (Kidney)Diseases  Reduced social/occupational act
B. General Health
i. Malnutrition or weight loss HOW CAN YOU STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS?
ii. Infections  Devote yourself to your studies and other productive activities at
iii. Accidents home or in school
2. Usage  Stay away from people, places and events that promote drug use
A. Tolerance  Learn to manage feelings and cope with stress without using drugs
B. Dependence  Develop a strong moral and spiritual foundation
C. Withdrawal  Educate yourself about the effects of drug abuse
D. Overdose  Always say NO
3. Psychological/Mental Health Effects
A. Perception – auditory and visual hallucinations
B. Orientation – paranoia, psychosis
C. Memory WHAT ARE THE COUNTER-MEASURES FOR
D. Judgement – depression that lead to suicide SUBTANCE ABUSE?
E. Stress – either heightening or weakening of emotions
4. Economic Effects
A. Employment loss
B. Academic difficulties
C. Financial problems
5. Social effects
A. Conflictual / Dysfunctional Relationships - influence of drugs
creates tension and conflicts with their family members and peers.
B. Violence - impaired the mind to think illogically and to act
aggressively.
C. Safety - the influence of drugs can put someone in dangerous
circumstances.
SUBSTANCE ABUSERS CAN BE CLASSIFIED DRUG TRAFFICKING - a global illicit trade involving the
ACCORDING TO THE FREQUENCY OF THEIR cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are
SUBSTANCE USE. subject to drug prohibition laws.
1. Experimenters – people who abuse the drug(s) for experimental United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
basis.
MODES OF DRUG TRANSFER (FOUR MAJOR RA 9165 - COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT
AVENUES): OF 2002 - also serves as guide in the implementation of dangerous drug
1. Seaports and Special Economic Zones prevention and control in the country.
2. International Airport 1. What are the common responsibilities of CHED and
3. The mail and the parcel TESDA?
4. The vast expanse of Philippine coastline. RA 9165, Article IV mandates the following functions:
“Golden Triangle” world’s foremost drug-producing region near borders a) Provide continuing in-service training of teachers on the
of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar. effective utilization of the support instructional materials and
TRANSIT POINTS OF DRUGS on teaching strategies on drug education
- five countries that are largely involved in the trafficking of drugs in the b) Continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness and
Philippines are China, Hong Kong, South Korea, India, and Thailand. overall impact of drug education program
- shorelines of Northern and Central Luzon regions, Southern Tagalog, c) Secure funds from local and foreign donors for the
specially Batanes, Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Zambales, Aurora, implementation of the drug education program
Quezon, and Mindoro provinces. 2. What are the other functions of CHED and TESDA
regarding drug abuse prevention?
MYTH VERSUS FACT: DRUG ABUSE AND ILLICIT The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is
TRAFFICKING responsible for:
1) Why the Big Outcry? Drugs aren't Really a Big Problem. The Fact  Enriching and updating the integration of dangerous drug
is … They are a tremendous problem prevention concepts in the general education of all higher
2) "Recreational" Use of Drugs is not Harmful. The Fact is ... All education course offerings and in the professional subjects,
illegal drugs are dangerous and cause physical and especially in health-related and science teacher education
psychological change in the user. courses
3) Marijuana is no Worse than Using Alcohol or Tobacco. The Fact The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
is ...Marijuana is very dangerous. Unlike alcohol that can leave (TESDA) is responsible for:
the the body after 24 hours, it can stay up to 30 days. a) Integrating drug abuse prevention concepts in the technical,
4) Everybody is Taking Drugs. The Fact is ... Majority of the people vocational and agro-industrial courses.
of the world do not use illegal drugs. b) Integrating drug abuse prevention concepts in appropriate
5) Only Weak Individuals Become Addicts. The Fact is … Addicts instructional materials for technical education and skills
become weak individuals. development.
6) Drug Abuse is a "Victimless" Crime - It Only Hurts the User. The 3. Should drug abuse prevention and control be part of the
Fact is ... The individual drug user, he or she is not only one to school curricula?
suffer.
Yes, Article IV, Sec. 43 of Republic Act 9164 stipulates that
7) If A Person Wants to Take Drugs, Governments should Interfere.
instruction on drug abuse prevention and control be integrated
The Fact is ... The legitimate rights of the individual must be
in the elementary, secondary and tertiary curricula of all public and
consistent with the safety and welfare of the general population.
private schools, whether general, technical, vocational or agro-
8) All Drug Addicts Should Be Imprisoned. The Fact is …
industrial.
Imprisonment of a drug addict as such does not solve the
problem.
4. What are the topics on drug abuse prevention and control
9) The Cultivation of Drug Crops Gives a Poor Farmer Chance to that should be integrated in the instruction?
Make Money. The Fact is… This kind of illegal activity creates an According to Article IV, Sec. 43, the following topics should be
artificially-based cash economy, making the farmer completely covered:
dependent on the influx of money from drug dealers, putting a. Adverse effects of the abuse and misuse of dangerous drugs on
him at the mercy of criminal traffickers and in opposition to the the person, the family, the school, and the community;
government. b. Preventive measures against drug abuse;
10) Peddling Drugs is One Way the Poor can Earn Money. The Fact c. Health, socio-cultural, psychological, legal and economic
is ... Most drug peddlers are addicts or become addicts. dimensions and implications of the drug problem;
11) Drug Use is a Way of Life in Some Countries. Why Change It? The d. Steps to take when intervening on behalf of a drug dependent
Fact is ... It is not a way of life in any country. is needed;
e. Services available for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug
THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUG ACT OF dependents;
2002 - supersedes R.A. 6425 or the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972. f. Misconceptions about the use of dangerous drugs but not
- It also gives emphasis on the role of the educational system in limited to the importance and safety of dangerous drugs of
information dissemination and prevention campaign. medical and therapeutic use; and
g. Differentiation between medical patients and drug dependents
SEC. 5 Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, in order to avoid confusion and accidental stigmatization in the
Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of consciousness of the students.
Dangerous Drugs
THE YOUTH AND GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE TO THE
SEC. 6 Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort DRUG PROBLEM
SEC. 11 Possession of Dangerous Drugs By the turn of the 21st century, substance abuse has taken an
SEC. 15 Use of Dangerous Drugs alarming proportion in the country. "Shabu" (the local name for
SEC. 19 Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs methamphetamine) has become the number one drug of abuse, followed
SEC. 36 Authorized Drug Testing by marijuana and inhalants. The abuse of legal substances like nicotine
SEC. 46 Special Drug Education Center and alcohol continue to be worrisome.
SEC. 54 Voluntary Submission of a Drug Dependent to UP Population Institute (1996)
Confinement, Treatment and Rehabilitation Initial age 16 -17 used nicotine, alcohol, and drugs.
40% males were smoking
SEC. 60 Confidentiality of Records under the Voluntary
37% youth used alcohol
Submission Program At present, more than 1.5 million Filipinos (2017-)
SEC. 61 Compulsory Confinement of a Drug Dependent Youth are the greatest number of drug users.
who Refuses to apply under the Voluntary 350, 000 indentified high school students.
Submission Program
VARIOUS ACTIVITIES, TO DATE, ARE INITIATED AND 8. Join seminars on anti-drug abuse prevention.
ARE AIMED TO PRODUCE THE FOLLOWING EFFECTS 9. Talk to your family, listen to the problems of your brothers and
ON YOUNG PEOPLE: sisters.
1. lessen violent behavior; 10. Enhance your talents or skills by taking part in workshops, training
2. increase pro-social behavior and decrease negative, self-destructive or seminars.
behavior; OUR INVOLVEMENT...
3. increase the ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to To be involved in drug prevention and control requires a S.T.R.O.N.G.
problems; group:
4. improve self-image and self-awareness; S - Steadfast personality
5. improve social and emotional adjustment; T - Trustworthy in words and deeds
6. improve handling of interpersonal problems and coping with R - Respectable in relating with others
anxiety; O - Open-minded in facing situations
7. improve constructive conflict resolution with peers; and N - Noble character
8. improve self-control. G - Gutsy action and ideas
THE YOUTH AND GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE TO THE
DRUG PROBLEM MODULE 3
- Early in 2004, the Dangerous Drugs Board launched the program DISASTERAWARENESS, PREPAREDNESS AND
"Barkada Kontra Droga" (or "Peers Against Drugs"). MANAGEMENT
- This concept tries to change the meaning of the word "barkada" or CALAMITY - catastrophic events where persons are plunged with
"peer" which connotes a negative influence among peers. hardship and suffering.
HERE ARE SOME WAYS THE YOUTH CAN STEP UP IN DISASTERS - events brought about by natural or human hazards that
THIS ENDEAVOR: cause losses and sufferings to consequence of which results to people and
1) UNDERSTAND. Having a grasp of the addiction can help in communities undertaking extra ordinary measures to cope with their
avoiding it and watching out for others. impacts.
2) LISTEN. Open yourself up in the knowledge of the experts and DISASTER CONTROL – the act of limiting the effect of disaster
experiences of others that have undergone the abuse. through prepare for before, during and after a disaster.
3) SHARE. Share your knowledge and network in aiding others DISASTER MANAGEMENT – effective utilization of resources and the
towards being informed. application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events
4) ENCOURAGE. Give your peers and family members a good push FLOOD – condition when water overflows from natural waterways.
in the right direction. HAZARDS – are natural or man-induced phenomena or activities.
5) SUPPORT. Take part in activities beneficial in the drug abuse NATIOANAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL – the
prevention initiative. highest government body responsible in advising the President of the
6) ORGANIZE. Having a mutual goal, it is more purposeful to country on the status of disasters.
combine efforts and sources to create a bigger impact about the POLLUTION – refers to anything which will create or render such
concern. environmental elements and atmospheric air harmful or detrimental or
injurious to human beings, animals, plants and the nature’s environment
and ecological balance.
7) INFORM. Approached appropriate government agencies regarding
RADIO ACTIVE FALL-OUT – dust particles of Earth and debris,
incidents and cases of drug abuse
together with the radioactive materials that cling
LEGISLATION FOR ILLICIT DRUGS CONTROL to them and are drawn up into mushroom clouds resulting from detonation
1. 1972. The Dangerous Drugs Act was established. of a nuclear weapon or
2. 2002. The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act was implemented. devise and which are carried by the wind and sent back to earth.
3. 2002. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) was REHABILITATION – the restoration of a person’s economic
established. dependency to a stable living.
4. 2002. An Integrated Drug Abuse Data Information Network RELIEF – anything done to alleviate the condition of those who are
(IDADIN) was created to monitor drug use/abuse. suffering from the effects of a calamity/disaster and who at that particular
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO THE PROBLEM time are completely helpless.
RISKS – refers to the degree or chance and frequency that such hazards
1) Preventive education programs to dissuade users or potential users
will affect or impact people and communities.
from experimenting with illegal drugs and/or continuing to use them
SPACE DEBRIS – these are remains of artificial satellites and other
2) Treatment and rehabilitation programs aimed at facilitating
components as well as their means of
abstinence
carriage aloft which fall back to earth.
3) Intensified campaigns against illegal drugs and trafficking
STATE OF CALAMITY – it is a condition that is declared by the
4) Judicial and legislative measures
President of the country in the event of a
5) National, regional and international cooperation to fight illegal drug
widespread destruction to property and lives due to destructive forces of
trafficking and abuse of dangerous drugs
nature and emergencies.
6) Some Philippine political figures are talking about drug testing
ERUPTION – an occurrence characterized by an ejection of volcanic
employees of outsourced call center workers, others are calling for
materials such as molten lava,
testing university students, and the government is currently
rock fragments, ashes, lahar flow, steam and other gases through the
considering drug testing all government employees.
fissure brought about
7) Drug Information and Action Line (DIAL) was created to receive
the tremendous pressure which forces open the rock formation or steam
reports and complaints related to drug abuse and provide assistance
reservoirs beneath the
to the public on drug-related cases.
Earth’s crust.
TEN (10) WAYS TO SAY "NO" TO DRUGS VULNERABILITY – the level of susceptibility or resiliency of the
1. Be vocal, just say "NO" and mean it! people and communities against the impact
2. Project an image of clean living for yourself. of the prevailing hazards based on the state of physical, social, and
3. Get into sports. economic conditions in a
4. Choose your friends and influence them positively. given area.
5. Get involved in community-based projects.
6. Join organizations (church, school, community or social) or youth In implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and
clubs or form your own drama group. Management, the NSTP shall be guided with reference from:
7. Learn how to manage stress. I. REPUBLIC ACT 9163
Section 11. The creation of the National Service Reserve Corps – There is MORSE CODE - method of transmitting information of a series of on-
hereby created a National Service Reserve Corps, to be composed of the off tones, or clicks.
graduates of the non-ROTC components. - named after Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph.
II. REPUBLIC ACT 10121 - text character (letter or numeral) or a pro sign and is represent by a
Section 13. Accreditation, Mobilization and Protection of Disaster unique sequence of dots and dashes.
Volunteers andNational Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the Private - most distress signal is Save Our Soul (SOS) or three dots, three dashes
Sector. – The government agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs may and three dots.
mobilize individuals or organized volunteers to augment their respective
personnel complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of OTHER SIGNALS:
disaster risk reduction program and activities. 1. Fire - Build three first in a triangle or in a straight line, with about
100 feet between them. Three fires are an internationally recognized
PRE-DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PHASE
distress signal.
1. PREPAREDNESS
2. Whistle - much easier.
2. DEVELOPMENT
- to signal SOS blow the whistle three times.
3. MITIGATION
- Two blasts of the whistle is a call-back signal, “Come here.”
POST-DISASTERRISK REDUCTION PHASE - One blast can mean “Where are you?”
1. RESPONSE 3. Flashlight/Mobile Phone - flash out SOS in Morse code. Assuming
2. REHABILITATION there was no signal.
3. RECOVERY 4. Torch - to signal SOS find something to cover the light of the torch
The following are risk management measures: from the angle of the targeted plane, ship or helicopter.
a. Engineering measures (keep hazard away from people). 5. Parts of your Body - Wave your arms and hands sideways and
b. Land use planning and management measures (Keep people away down to attract attention.
from hazard). - If the potential rescue vehicle is close, simply stand with your hands
c. Control and protection works (modifying the hazard). and arms in the air.
d. Early warning (predicting hazard)
e. Preparedness planning (prepare in anticipation of a hazard event). FIRST AID - measures to be taken immediately after accident in order
f. Reconstruction planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing the to prevent further harm being done.
vulnerability. - uses the available human and material resources at the site of accident to
g. Mainstreaming risk management in development practice and provide initial care to the victim.
institutionalization. THREE P’S (PRESERVE, PREVENT, AND PROMOTE)
NDRRMP THEMATIC AREAS A. Preserve Life - first aim is to preserve life by carrying out
A. DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION emergency first aid procedures.
 Disaster Prevention - avoidance of adverse impacts of B. Prevent Deterioration - second aim of first aid is to prevent the
hazards and related disasters through action taken in advance. casualty’s condition from deteriorating any further.
 Disaster Mitigation - lessening or limitation of the adverse C. Promote Recovery - promote recovery by arranging prompt
impacts of hazards and related disasters. emergency medical help.
B. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - knowledge and capacities to CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER
effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impacts of likely, a. Gentle – should not cause pain.
imminent or current hazard events or conditions. b. Resourceful – make the best use of things at hand.
C. DISASTER RESPONSE - ocused on immediate and short-term needs c. Observant – notice all signs.
and is sometimes called “disaster relief”. d. Tactful – not alarm the victim.
D. DISASTER REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY e. Emphatic – comforting.
 Rehabilitation - ensure the ability of affected communities f. Respectable – maintain professional and caring attitude.
and/or areas to restore their normal level of functioning. HINDRANCES IN GIVING FIRST AID
 Post Disaster Recovery - restoration and improvement A. Unfavorable Surroundings
where appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living  Night Time
conditions of disaster-affected communities.  Crowded city lights; churches; shopping malls
In times of natural calamities or manmade disorders, the youth  Busy Highways
should be willing and ready to render direct assistance to calamity  Cold and Rainy weather
victims in any of the following areas:  Lack of necessary materials or helps.
 Sorting, loading and distribution of relief goods B. The Presence of Crowds
 Administering first aid treatment on victims  Crowds curiously watch, sometimes heckle, and sometimes
 Comforting and assisting in their rehabilitation offer incorrect advice.
 Disseminating information to concerned individual  They may demand haste in transportation or attempt other
 Surveying of affected families and areas improper procedures.
 Monitoring and liaising work  A good examination if difficult while a crowd looks on.
 Civic action activities like environmental and ecological
C. Pressure from Victim or Relatives
protection, river and watershed control projects and tree
 The victim usually welcomes help, but if he is drunk, he is
planting/forest fire control.
often hard to examine and handle, and is often misleading in
The leadership in the youth development agencies in order to succeed
his responses.
in their chosen endeavor should:
 The hysteria of relatives or the victim, the evidence of pain,
a. Plan the chosen activities ahead before any calamity strikes.
blood and possible early death, exertgreat pressure on the
b. See to it that the resources that are available could meet the needs of
first aider.
chosen activities.
 The first aider may fail to examine carefully and may be
c. Coordinate all activities properly with the City, Provincial and
persuaded to do what he would know in calm moments to
Municipal Disaster Coordinator Councils.
be wrong.
d. Organize the groups. Assign the members’ responsibilities which
they feel they can properly handle. HOW TO DEAL WITH INJURIES
e. Work as a team. Coordinate efforts with other organizations. (NGO, 1. Treatment of Wounds – treated by bandaging.
PO, LGU or religious organizations). 2. Locate wound position – wound in different locations demand
different treatment.
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND HANDS ONTRAINING
3. Pay attention to the human body’s anatomical shape – during  Broken neck bone can be noticed when there are wounds on both
the treatment of a wound, the body’s anatomy has to be noticed, because it head and neck
will affect the bandaging method.  Broken backbone can be noticed when there is a difference in the
4. Identify size of the wound (extent and intensity of blood length of the legs
outflow)- size of a wound determines the treatment method, even though  Broken rib-bone is followed by breathing difficulties
it follows the same principles. - There are four methods to stop bleeding: TREATMENT OF BROKEN WOUNDS (fixation/splint
applying pressure, bandaging, bandaging and applying pressure bandaging)
(tourniquet) and total bandaging.
BLEEDING WOUND TREATMENT ON ROUND BODY
PART
 Determine if the wound needs a
pressing tool or not, if considered
necessary apply a pressing tool.
 Prepare an already folded bandage.
 Start binding starting from the wound
 Bind around the head in circles, upon
Done by applying two splints comprising of wood lined with thin
arriving opposite of the wound area,
cloth/sponge. The splints, each two centimeter in length are meant to flank
cross the bandage.
the fracture location, which are then bound with a rope, and tightened to
support thebroken body part and prevent it from suspending.
Treating a broken neck is by propping up the neck to prevent any
movement, whether left and right, to and fro, as well as turning around.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) - level of medical care which is used
 After crossing, tie bandage in shape of to victims of life-threatening illnesses or injuries
a parcel (not in the direction of first until they can be given full medical care at a hospital.
binding) until arriving at the
position of the wound. When
reaching the same position as the
wound, tie with a slipknot

 CHAIN OF SURVIVAL - Sequences of procedures performed to

If a wound exists on the chin or upper forehead, a triangular cloth is restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden pulmonary
needed to prevent the bandage from coming loose. and/or cardiac arrest.
 After the wound is PROTECTIVE DEVICES
pressed, tie a pair of 1. Approach Safely
strings from bottom to  Scene
behind the head, going  Rescuer
above the ears. Then  Victim
tie with a slipknot.  Bystanders
 Tie another pair of 2. Check Response
strings to the direction of behind the head Shake shoulders to gently ask “Are you all right?”. If he responds:
via below the ears. Make sure binding is  Leave as you find him.
not too loose and not too tight.  Find out what is wrong.
 Reassess regularly
3. Shout for Help
4. Open Airway
BROKEN BONE - a wound which occurs on a  Lay victim
bone, in the form of cracking, breaking or sticking  Head tilt and chin lift
out of the body. For Non-healthcare rescuers:
- most common during earthquakes.  No need for finger sweep, unless solid material can be seen in
3 TYPES OF BROKEN BONE WOUNDS the airway
1. Fractured bone – trauma may cause the bone to crack, but not 5. Check Breathing
break apart.  Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breathing
2. Closed broken bone – a bone breaks, but is still inside the  Do not confuse agonal breathing with NORMAL breathing
body. 6. Call Emergency Number (9-1-1)
3. Open broken bone – a bone breaks and sticks out through the 7. Chest Compression
skin. Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest.
 Place other hand on top.
SYMPTOMS OF BROKEN BONE WOUNDS  Interlock fingers.
Several symptoms easily recognizable are among others:  Compress the chest.
 Black and blue  Rate 100 min-1 o Depth 4-5 cm
 Swollen  Equal compression : relaxation
 Very painful when touched or moved  When possible change CPR operator every 2 min.
 Change in form
WHEN CAN I STOP CPR?
  Victim revives
 Trained help arrives
 Too exhausted to continue
 Unsafe scene
 Physician directed (do not resuscitate orders)
 Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes)
WHY CPR MAY FAIL?
 Delay in starting.
 Improper procedures (ex. Forget to pinch nose)
 No ACLS follow-up and delay in defibrillation
 Only 15% who receive CPR live to go home.
 Improper techniques.
 Terminal disease or unmanageable disease (massive heart
attack).
INJURIES RELATED TO CPR FIVE (5) DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES ON BANDAGING
 Rib fractures 1. TRIANGLE OF FOREHEAD OR SCALP - triangle of forehead
 Laceration related to the tip of the sternum or scalp (fronto - occipital) is used to hold dressing on the
 Liver forehead or scalp.
 Lung a. Place middle of base of triangle so that edge is just above the
 Spleen eyebrows and bring apex back, allowing it to drop over back
COMPLICATION OF CPR of head (occiput). Bring ends of triangle backward above ears.
For victims that experienced vomiting/aspiration: b. Cross ends over apex at occiput, carry ends around forehead,
 Place victim on left side and tie them in a square knot.
 Wipe vomit from mouth with fingers wrapped in a cloth. c. Turn up apex of bandage toward top of head. Pin with safety
 Reposition and resume CPR. pin or tuck in behind crossed part of bandage.
TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
FOUR METHODS

a. Open Phase

b. Broad Cravat
Phase 2. TRIANGULAR ARM SLING (brachio-cervical triangle)
- used for the support of fractures or injuries of hand, wrist, and
c. Semi-Broad Cravat
forearm.
Phase
Two version of this sling are discussed below:
a. In this method of applying the sling, the forearm is supported
d. Narrow Cravat
from both shoulders by the sling.
Phase
 Bent arm at elbow so that little finger is about a hand-
breadth above level of elbow.
 Place one end of triangle over shoulder on injured side and
PARTS OF A TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
let bandage hang down over chest with based forward hand
and apex toward below elbow.
 Slip bandage between body and arm.
 Carry low end up over shoulder on uninjured side.
 Tie and two ends, by square knot, at the neck, not in the
middle where it could cause discomfort when patients is
lying on back.
 Draw apex of bandage toward elbow until snug, bring it
around to front, and fasten with safety pin or adhesive tape.
b. If it is desirable to support the forearm without pressure on the
APPLICATION collarbone or should of the injured side, the following steps are
a. Must be proper, neat, and correct. taken.
b. Apply neatly not too loose, not too tight.  Bend arm at elbow so that the little finger is about a hand-
c. Always check for tightness may cause later swelling. breadth above level of elbow.
d. Tie ends with a square knot.  Drape upper end of triangle over uninjured shoulder
HOW TO TIE A SQUARE KNOT  Slip bandage between body and arm.
RULES INTYING SQUARE KNOT: left end over right end then right end over  Carry lower and up over flexed forearm (ends of fingers
left end and (vice versa). should extend slightly beyond base of triangle)
a. Pass the left end (dark) over and under the right.  Slide lower end of bandage under injured shoulder between
b. Bring both ends up again. arm and body and secure the two ends with square knot.
c. Pass the right end (dark) over and under the left.
d. Pull the ends firmly to tighten; tuck ends.
  Draw apex toward elbow until snug, and secure with safety
pin or adhesive tape.
3. TRIANGLE OF CHEST OR BACK - used to hold dressing
on burns or wounds of chest or back.
a. Drop apex of triangle over shoulder on injured side. Bring
bandage down over chest (or back) tocover dressing, so that
middle of base of bandage is directly below injury. Turn up a
cuff a base.
b. Carry ends around and tie in a square knot, leaving one end
longer than the other.
c. Bring apex down and tie to long end of first knot.
4. CRAVAT OF HEAD OR EAR - purpose of this bandage is too
apply pressure to control hemorrhage from wounds of scalp, or to
hold dressings on wounds of ear or lower scalp
a. Place middle cravat over dressing
b. Pass each end completely around head.
c. Tie in square knot.
5. CRAVAT TO JAW (mento-vertico-occipital cravat) - used
to dressings on the chin, cheeks, and scalp ends upward with one
end longer than the other.
a. After making a triangular bandage into a cravat of proper
width, place it under the chin carry ends upward with one end
longer than the other.
b. Bring longer end over top of head. Cross both ends on side of
head. (Ends should now be of equal length).
c. Pass ends around head in opposite directions and tie with
square knot on other side of head on primary turn of cravat.
RAPPELLING - rapping or the European “abseiling” (from the
German word abseilen, meaning “to rope down”)
- the controlled descent down a steep terrain using a fixed rope.
- permits a rescuer to quickly access an injured or stranded
subject in technical terrain.
The following are important safety considerations relating to
rappelling;
 Verify the rope reaches the target.
 Double check your harness, carabiners, and all rigging prior to going
over the edge.
 Check the carabiners are locked and not cross loaded.
 Use a buddy check system to have your rigging inspected by other
rescuers.
 Employ a secondary conditional self- belay (autoblock, VT Prusik,
etc.) as a backup.
 Keep the brake hand below the descending device – NEVER LET
GO!
 Keep hair and clothing away from the descending device.
 Carry a cutting tool and a backup Prusik for emergencies.
 Remember that a rope under tension cuts extremely easily.
 Avoid dislodging rocks with the rope.
 Do not bounce during a rappel- dangerously shocks the rappel
anchor
 Descend slowly and avoid excessive heat buildup
 Use well-fitting gloves when rappelling – otherwise they become a
safety hazard.
Prior to rappelling, you should check every aspect of your system.
B.R.A.K.E.S.
Buckles Check the buckles on your harness. Make sure they
B are snug and that all appropriate straps are doubled-
back
Rapped Check that the carabineer at attached to your device
is locked, both strands of the rope have been loaded
Device/
R Rope correctly in the device, and the rope is properly
threaded through the rappel anchor.
Anchor Confirm that the anchor is strong. If it’s a tree, make
sure it’s alive, large enough to hold your weight, and
A that is has a good root base. If it’s a boulder, ensure
that it is not going to move.
Knots Check all the knots in the system. Make sure that
K knots adjoining two ropes in a double-rope rappel are
correctly tied with enough tail.
Ends Confirm that the ends of your ropes are on the
E ground or that they reach
the next anchor. Confirm that your system is closed
with knots at the end of
your rappel lines.
Safety Use an auto block back-up and check to make sure
S Buckle that you aren’t going to
rappel over any sharp edges.