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    Eddy Current PCN Requirements

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    Conification Services Division NDT 4 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 SAA, United Kingdom Mahe vate Tel; +34(0)1604-259-056. se Fax: 444(0)1604.231-489, a ihe FS i E-mail: pen@bindtorg SA Mild 5 PCNIGEN Appendin{@S:iAposue 4 PCNIGEN Appendix C3.1A Issue 4 rev B dated 01.05.01 (for immediate implementation). Further information concaming the content of PCN documents is available from the PCN Scheme Manager at the above address, SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF PERSONNEL IN ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING OF WELDS USING EDDY CURRENT TECHNIQUES ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS: Appendix C3.2A to PCNIGEN Examination Syviabus for the Certication Personnel in Electromagnetic Testing of Welds using Eddy Current techniques. Appendix 3.3 to PCNIGEN ‘Specimen Examination Questions for the Certification of Personnel in Evectromagnetic Testing of Welds using Eddy Current techniques, CONTENTS 1. SCOPE, 2, EXAMINATION CONTENT, 3. CERTIFICATION AVAILABLE... 4, RENEWAL AND RECERTIFICATION. 5. GRADING 4 [ay ] the erasn tnsitute of Non Destructive Testing is an acctedted costieaton body | tera personne! and quaty management systems assessment and certicates | udag | against ontona set out in itemational and European standards bveugh the PON) | etilicaion Schome 4. SCOPE 1.1 This document prascribes the specific requirements and proceduress by which personnel may be examined and, if successful, certiicated for the Electromagnetic Testing of Welds using Eddy Current techniques. Requltoments contained inthis document are supplamentary lo nose contained in the Current edition of PCN General Requirements for the Certification of Personnel engaged in Non- Destructive Testing 112 Candidates are encouraged to bring thei own equipmontinclusing probes, bu tost centre equigment may be hed subject to availablly, The eandicate's attention is drawn to Clauses 21.3 () and 2.2.3 (i) on calibration; extra timo will be allowed in examination part (i) for candidates hiring test centre equipment, 1.3 Additional poriods of training, over and above those specified by PCN, may be required for Personnel engaged in non-destructive testing on oflshore structures. 2, EXAMINATION CONTENT ‘The examination content is described in PEN General Requirements, Tis Appendix amplifies the provisions of that document only where necessary. 24 Levelt Except where exemptions apply (refer to PCN General Requirements), all candidates will be requiredt to attempt an examination comprising the following: 2.4.1 General Theory of the Eddy Currant method. Forty muliple choice questions to be answered in ‘one hour, Minimum pass mark 70% 2.1. 2 Sector Specific Theory of the application of the Eddy Current method in the testing of Welds, Twenty multiste choice questions to be answered in 30 minutes, Minimum pass matk 70% 2.4. 3 Sector Specific Practical examination comprising: w calbration/sol up of equinment. i) examination of one block containing machined defects. Testing three vatiable geometry wolds selected from plate, pipe and tee, in accordance with NOT instructions provided. The welds will be uncoated or will have standard non-metallic ‘ating only. (i) reporting the resuls in a prescribed manner in accordance with the NDT instructions provided, Tho total time allowed for the practcal examinaton is 4% hours. The mitimum pass mark for the practical pat is 70% per sample tested (Fellure to delact and raport a raportable ciscontnuiy in any ‘ona sample will sulin fellure ofthis examination part), 22 Level 2 Excent were exemptions apply (refer to PCN General Requiroments), cl candidates wil be required {o attempt an examination comprising the folowing 2.2.1 General Tneory of tho appropriate Eddy Current method. Forty mutiple choice questions to be answered in one hour. The minimum pass mark is 70% 3.22 Secter Spacife Thoory of the applicalion of tha Eddy Current method in he testing of Wolds facts) to pa chelce questions (ten of which will cover the basic welding processes and essocieted Golocts} to be answered in 45 minutes. The minimum pass mark is 70%, 223 Sactor Spooti Practce! examinatan comprising: (0 selling up and checking of test equipment, plus oral examination lo a prepared choeklit (| _sxamination of 3 variable geometry welds selected from: plate. pipe. “T*,"V* enueiform and gussot plate ()‘seportng the resuits in a prescribed manner in accord nce with the NOT instnuctions Provided. This wil include any calculations necessary for inspection sensitivities PCRIGEN Appondos 63.14 20s eave 4 rov B dated 01 May 2001 (iv) preparation of a detailad NDT Instruction, suitable for a level 1 certificated individual to follow, involving the testing of one af the above samples, selocted by the examiner, to ®@ provided procedure, standard or specification, ‘The total ime allowed for the practical examination is 6 hours and the Fass mark is 70% for each specimen and NDT instruction (failure to detect and report a reportable discontinuly in any one ‘sample, oF to prepare a satsfactory NDT instuction, will result in failure of this examination part). NOTE: Typical detects which candidates will be expected to locate and characterise will inchude a selection trom but may nat be limited to: @ — surtace breaking defects; (i) at and curved surtaco discontinuities; (@) parent material and wold detects originating from the wexting process; (iy) in-service detects, including corrosion, stross corrosion cracking and fatigue cracking, 23 Level 3 Except where exemptions apply (refer (o PCN General Requrements), all candidates will be required {9 altempt an examination comprising the following 2.3.1 Basic Examination (lolal tine allowed: 3 hours) At) —_Thifty multiple choice questions covering materials technology and science, including \ypical detects in a wide range of products including castings welds and wrought products. A2) Understanding of the requirements for PCN certification. Ton multiple choice questions on the content of the current edition of the PCN General Requirements (or Centifcation of NDT Personnel. 8) Sixty multiple choice questions of @ level 2 complexity on the general tneory of four NDT methods, comprising fileen questions on ultrasonic testing and a further fiteen (on each of three olher methods seleolad by ihe candidate fram the radiographle, addy Current, magnetic particle, visual and liquid panstrant testing mothods 2.3.2 Main Metnod Examination (total time allowed: 7 hours) 1) ‘Thirty multiple choice questions covering the general theory of the eddy current testing method, 2} Twenly multiple enoice questions covering the specie theory of Ihe eddy current testing of welds, C3}__The candidate will be required to produce a comprehensive test procedure embedying an NDT instruction for a specific welded component to a provided specification, standard or code, 2.3.3 Level 3 candidates who do net hold ar have nol hold PCN level 2 certification for the eddy Gurrent testing of welds are raquired to successfully complete the exminalion descrived in Clause 223 (excepting sub-clause (iv)) using al least two electomagnatic testing techniques. Ths Qxemination part may requite demonstration of the abilly 10 provide direction to a ramote pecba 3. GERTIFICATION AVAILABLE 2.4 Levelt 34.4 Single frequency Eddy Current Testing of Welds, 3.2 Level 2 42.1 Single frequency Eddy Current Testing of Welds, 3.3 Level 3 Ecay Current Testing of Welds, PCNIGEN Appandix 03.14 30t4 Issu9 4 ray B dato 01 May 2001 4, RENEWAL AND RECERTIFICATION 4.1 The goneral rutes for level 1 and level 2 renewal and recertiication are fully desenbed in PCN document CP16, and the rules for level 3 recertification are detailed in PCN document CP17. 4.2 Level 1 certficaie holders seeking recertification wil be required to undertake the practical oxamination delailed in Clause 2 1.3 above, 4.9 Level 2 certficale holders seaking recertification will be requirod to undertake the practical ‘examination detailed in Clause 22.3 above, 4.4 The minimum pass metk for recertification is 80% and only one catest of falled recertification examinations is permitted. Failure in the ane allowable retest results in the applicant being considered an initial candidate for certfication in that sector, and NDT method, 5. GRADING ‘The method for gracing of initio! examinations, and the rules for re-examination of failed parts, will be ‘5 specifies in the current edition of PCN General Requirements. PCNIGEN Appendix 0.1 Ms cata 404 {ssun rev B dated 04 May 2001 Contiieation Services Division NDT 4 Spencer Parade, Northampton NNT SAA, United Kingdom CGRSTAL EA TEES Tel: +44(0)1604-258-056, x / Fax: +46(0)1604-231-468. yee j E-mail: pen@bindt.org a8 bad Nia PCN/GEN Appendix C3.2A Issue 4 PCNIGEN Appendix 3.24 Issue 4 dated 01.01.01 (for immediate implementation) has been revised to amend only page formatting, BINT contact information and general termino.ogy, Further information conceming the content of PCN documents is avallable from the PCN Scneme Manager al the above address, EXAMINATION SYLLABUS FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF PERSONNEL IN ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING OF WELDS USING EDDY CURRENT TECHNIQUES ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS: Appendix C3.1A to PONIGEN, Specific Requirements for the Certficaticn of Personnel in Electromagnatic Testing of Welds using Eddy Currant techniques. Appendix C3 3A to PONIGEN Seecimen Examination Questions for the Certification of Personnel in Electromagnotic Testing of Welds using Eddy Current techniques. CONTENTS LEVEL 1 SYLLABUS LEVEL 2 SYLLABUS LEVEL 3 SYLLABUS. REFERENCE LITERATURE . GH, | The autsh nsttuo of tomDestrucive Testing i | cifering porsennel and qualty managoment systems assessment and cartheene, | uNas | Asie citrn at out in imtinatenst and Caropean clanians hina Bas | Coriticalion Schone aoctedtted certification boty LEVEL 1 SYLLABUS 1. General Theory of Eddy Current Testing 1.1 Origins of Electromagnetic Testing 1.2 Introduction to Eddy Current Testing Techniques 4.8 Terms and Definitions used in Electromagnetic Testing 1.4 Electrical theory Funcamenials of electricity, magnetic effects of oleciric curents, magneticaly coupled electric circuits, lima related parameters of alternating current citcuits,eitcul analysis Dy complex quantiles 1.8 Eddy Current Equipment 1.8.1 Eddy Current Instruments. Basic cicults for eddy currant test equipment. Classification of instruments and display types. Amplitude detection. Phase sensitive detection 1.5.2 Eddy Current Probes. Classification of addy current probes, ge eral characteristics of proves, ‘tobe design principles, types of prob, 2. Specific Theory of the Eddy Current Testing of Welds 2.4 Induced Eddy Currents 2.11 Tho cifct of material gecmotiy: edge etiec, il of, discontinuities. variations in conductivity and Permeablity. Depth of penetration - uniform fields: effect of frequency, crack langth and depth 2.1.2 Analysis of Signals. Phase analysis, Impedance diagrams. 21.3 Sonsitviy of Electromagnetic Testing. High frequency techniques, low frequency techniques, cifect of defect geometnes, theoretical limilations on delectable defect sizo and measurement the eifect of standard material coatings. 22 Equipment and inspection Methods 22.4 Types of eddy current Instrument. Correct use of equipment. Particular applications for aech ‘equipment, 2.22 Types of eday current probe. Selection a! prabes for various inspection techniques. Advantages and cisadvantages of differential and absolute wound proboa. Euamples of when’ to ase see ‘appropriate probe relative te weld inspection 22.5 Capabilities and limitations of eddy currant techniques. Cetection limits, Sizing limits. Environmental (8. geometry and material effects) 2.3 Preparation for Testing 2.3.1 Surfece conditions and preperation. Marking the area for inspection, 2.5.2 Seiting up equipment. 2.8.3 Calibration blocks and reference standards, design and construction. 24 Carrying out the Test 2.4.4 NDT instructions ~reasons for and general contents, 2.4.2 Probe handing. Balancing and training. The atfect of conductive coatings. 2.4.5 Basic types of discontinuity and typical response. False indicalions, their identiication and cause, 2.4.4 Equipment faults, causes and corrective actions 2.4.5 Theoretical imitations on detectable defect size and maasuremont, Recording indications 2.5 Post Tost Procedures Reporting. Presentation of inspection results, PCNIGEN Appencix C320, 206 Issue 4 dated 1st January 2001 2.6 Codes and Standards ‘See essential reading list LEVEL 2 SYLLABUS ‘AS for level 1 and, in adition 3. General Theory 3.4 Electrical Theory Further principles of DC and AC thoory; simple circuits and bridges, series and parallel resonance: Ohms Law, pewor formulas, frequency, phase, resistance, impedance, AC crculls, conductivity 3.2 Magnatisation Further principles of magnatisation; magnetic affect of current flow, magnetic feld intensity, hysteresis loop. permeabily 3.9 Eddy Current Depth of Penetration Factors effecting depth of penetration. Uniform fields. Etfect of fiald curvature. 9.4 Eddy Current Equipment 34.1 Insirumenis, The modern range of electromagnetic instrumen's. Types of circuils including bridge and resonance, Display of measured quantities 3.42 Eddy Current Probes. Coil arrangements and types of coll specific to weld inspection. In depth rinciales of probe design. Canstniction of eddy eurront probes. 4, Sector Specific Theory 4.4 Preparation for Testing 41.41 Surlacs preparation, methods used for surface preparation; importance of correct surface preparation, 4.41.2 Seleclion of appropriate tochnique, Examples of wien io use various techniques: Selection of the ‘Sppropriats technique to ensure complete coverage. Methods of assessing sensitivity of tachnique, 4.1.3 Probe characteristics and selection; factors affecting sensitvily: IN-off compensation, Probes and calibration slandards, selection of probes for inspecton surface, advantages and cisadventages of differential and absolute probes, 4.1.4 Equiament characteristics and selection. Selection of frequency: low traquency systems; test frequencies for various applicetions; limitations of the various types of tast equipment 4.1.6 Use of test procedures end instructions. The importance of NDT procedures and instruclions and ‘specific contents required 4.1.6 Satety Precautions: fire hazards, electrical s 4.2 Testing 4.2.4 Correct use of instruments. Conductivity measurement, coating thickness measurement and crack detection, Methods of presenting information, 4.2.2 Detectebilty of Defects. General advantages and limitations of the test method with regard to Gofoct detection. Characteristics of indications. Probe hardiing factors which can sffect indications. Sasic metallurgical factors that can affect electromagnetic readings. Elfect of coatings. Etec! of geometry, 4.2.3 Sizing of Detects. Difficuities and limitations. Values measured, The effect of various materials on detection and sizing possibilities. 4.24 Interpretation of incicatons. Types of ciscontinuity and their identification, Relevanl, non relevant ‘and fals@ indications and their eauso. Equipmant faults, causes and corrective actions 4.3 Post Testing Procedure ty. Compilation of NDT reports. Methods of presentation of inspection cesu ts, Equipment cere. PCNIGEN Arpendix 3.24, see Issue 4 dated tst January 2001 44 Standards and Specifications ‘See essential reading list. 5. Welding Product Technology 5.4 Basic Welding Processes 5.1.1 Terminology for welds. Basie principles of fusion welding process. 8.12 Schematic lay out and general method of producing wolds: MILA, TIG, MIGIMAG, submerged arc, alectroslag, 5.1.3 Basic types of welds: fitet wolds, butt welds in plato, pipe, nozzle and noxes. 9.2 Fabrication Defects 52:1 Typos of delect associated wih particular parent metalwelding process combinalions including [2CK of Tuston (all types). porosily. worm holes, gas poros, cracks (cente line and HAZ), visual defects Incucing weld mismatch etc. lack of penetration, siag 5.2.2 An explanation of how the above defacts aro formed, 5.3 In-service Defects 53.1 Fatigue cracks, siress corrosion cracks, grinding cracks, 54 Stress Relieving What stress relieving is and why it is carried out 5.8 Normalising Definition of normalising and the differences to annealing, LEVEL 3 SYLLABUS Level 3 personnel are expected to bo competent to assume the responsibilities of man: industial NOY faciity. The PCN level 3 examination wil therefore evaluale the cance! of the following Alocation of staf with spproptiate certtcation according to customers requirements. Supervision and ‘maintenance of subordinate’s certification and recertification documents and records Gompilaton of records of equipment performance, repairs and maintenance of subordinate's Certiication and recertitication documents and records. Compilation of records of equipment performance, repairs and maintenance; tho work dono and ergancaroved by supervised staf. The review of reports of work dore by subordinates, its periodic {ayralion, and the endorsement of routine reports. Review of current practices, equipmeri, techniques ei nstructions. Maintenance of standards and text book libraries, Satu working practices and euvent legislation, The lovel 3 examination syllabus is as follows: 6. General Theory ‘Candidates will be required to be famiiar wih al the content of the theoretical aylabus for level 2 7 General Theory of Other NDT Methods at Level 2 Fu Caner theory at level 2, including timtations and oppications, of four NDT methods, The PEN argon Slab are detailed in apponcices to PCN General Requirements and are obtainable tenn PCN or any ofits tost centros, thaory aoal the level 3 cardidate will be required wo demonstrate & knowledge ofthe level 2 ganeral S380) Silabus covering the NOT method in which level 3 certitcation fs Sought and i aioe others salectes by tho canddate from RT, UT. PT, MT. ET and Vy 8. Knowledge of PCN Requiremonts Cuborough understanding of the PCN ctileia for cetifeation of all vol: of persornel appted in the “Tort edtion of ne PCN General Requirements for tho ceication of personnel engaged wm OT PCNIGEN Appandi 3.28 4016 Issue 4 dated 161 January 2001 9. Sector Specific Theory All the combined syllabus for PCN Eddy Current Tosting of Welds al Ieel 2, and in addition. 9.1 Computerised Electromagnetic Testing Systems 9.2 Alternative Methods of Data Presentation and Storage 8.9 Godes for Testing and Flaw Acceptance Limits Familiarity with the eriteria in codes and standards covering the application of Electromagnetic Testing In the Welds sector. An understanding of the way in which these are af pied in practice, 10. Materials Technology Theory {This examination part will cover the product technology syllabus given earlier under level 2, but the level 9 canddate wil also require an understanding of the casting and forging processes and essociated uetects, 11. Procedure Writing Cart Candidates wil be requited 19 produce a written procedure for the inspection of & specified component to a provided code or slardard. PCN publishes a document, teleronce CP25, for information and for use by cancidates in this open book examination, NOTE Codes and standards of other national (or intemauona) origins may be propesed by candidates, if appropriate to their fob responsioities, for usa in this examination module, Cancidieten Should notly tne (est centre of their choice on the enrolment form and wil ba permited fo bring a copy. of he chosen code or standard to tha test centre for use in this open book examination, (U2 The procedure must include safety requirements appropriate to tho test situation, acceplance levels to specified application standards, NDT personnel aparovals, reierence documentation, the use Of complementary NOT mathods, the ‘ming of inspection in relation to manufaolure and ovethaul Special contractual requiements, action to de laken in case af noncompliance and reporting instructions \implamentation of the procedure), PCNIGEN Appencsx C3.08, so6 Issue 4 dated 18t January 200) REFERENCE LITERATURE Essential Roading BSEN 1330-1; Non-Destructive Testing - Terminology - General terms, BS EN 130-2. Non-Destructive Testing - Terminology - Gommion lems for NDT methods. BS EN 1330-5: Non-Destructive Testing - Terminology - Terms used in edgy current testing, BSEN 1711: Non-Destructive examination of welds - Eddy current examination by phase discrimination (wien issued), PCN Classroom Training Handbook = Product Technology. Obtainable from the Certification Sorvices Division, The Briish Instlule of NomDestiuctive Testing, 1Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 SAA. Training Course Noles: PCN requies candidates to have allended an approved course of training, Accredited Training Establishments are required to provide trainees with an up to date Set of training course notes. These ee considered essential reading Recommended Reading a . veeeecuBeuoe a a Basic Metallurgy for Non-Destructive Testing, Edited by J L Taylor: The British Institute of Non-Desiructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parada, Northampton NN1 SAA, Motals handbook (volume 17, ninth edition) : Non-destructive evaluation and quality contro! (published by the American Sociaty of Metals, available through ASNT). Materials and Processes for NDT Technology. ASNT. Eddy Current Testing, Classroom Training Handbook (CT-6-5): ASNT. Ecidy Current Testing, Programmed Instruction Handbook (P1-¢-5): ASNT. Non-Destructive Testing Handbook, Volume 4 = Eddy Current Tasting. ASNT. Non-Destructive Testing (Second Edition 1991) by R Haimshaw, Edwerd Arnold Non-Destructive Testing Handbook, First edition, Edited by R McMaster, ASNT Self Study Handbook (originally published by General Dynamics), ASNT Classroom Training Handbook (originally published by Ganoral Dynamics) ASNT Question and Answer book ASNT Level Il Study Guide, ASNT Student Package, ASNT Insiructor Package (overhaads for training), NOTE: Some of the above are available in reference libraries, Far information on sources of Fecammended reading contact the Technical Secretary, The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NN1 SAA. PENIGEN Appendix C224 606 Issue 4 dated tol January 200) Certification Services Division NDT 1 Spencer Parade, Northampton NNN1 SAA, United Kingdom ee marine nasrrrure 0 Tel: +44(0)1604-259-056, wy " Fax: +44(0)1604-231-489, af Fey ‘} E-mail pen@bndl.org oo aaa PCNIGEN Appendix C3.3A Issue 4 CONNGEN Appendix C3.3A Issue 4 daled 01.01.01 (for immociata implementation) has been revised ‘o.amend only page formatting, BINDT contact information and general terminology, ther information concerning the content of PCN documens is available Irom the PCN Scheme Manager at the above address, SPECIMEN EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF PERSONNEL IN ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING OF WELDS USING EDDY CURRENT TECHNIQUES ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS: Appendix G3.1A to PENIGEN Zeetlic Requiemens tor the Corificatien of Personnel in Electromagnatic Testing of Welds using Eddy Current techniques. Appendix C3.2A to PCNIGEN Examination Syllabus fer tho Cortifcation of Personnel in Electiomagnellc Testing of Welds using Eddy Current techoiques. CONTENTS LeveL 1 LeveL 2 LeveL 5... Gy | The Bitah insttute of Non Destustve Testing isan accreted ceticalon body otfenny persennel and quaity management systems assessment and certteaiy, ainst entaria set outin international ani European standards through tho FON LEVEL 1 1 General Theory of the Eddy Current Method 1. The dept of eddy current penetration is dependent on: a) shape of probe being used ) area of the item under inspection ©) thiskness of the item under inspection 4) lost frequency 2. The reactive inductance of a coil is measured in a) volts by OMS ©) MHOS, 0) Henrys, 3. Conductivity of a material is affected by: @) the air gap between probe and specimen ») its chemical composition ©) equipment sensitivity settings &) allot he above 4. Tho opposition to Naw of AC Is called: 8) reluctance b) inductance ©) impedance 9) resistance Sector Specific Theory of the Eddy Current Method Testing of Welds 1. To lossen the effects of the proximity of @ material of diferent permeability 8) @ couplant should be used ) wrap masking tape around probe coi ©) use a shielded prove ) reduce the sensitivity until no indication is obtained from dissimitar material 2. To carty out in-service inspection of a painted surface, a) the paint must be removed ) ensure paint is in good condition and make allowance for tit-off ©) only high frequency proves can be used with lit-off compensation 9) only low frequency ring probes are sultable 4. Variations in probe speed: 8) have no deleterious effect on results ) will cause changes in signal amplitude ©) may result in incowect defect assassment d) both Band PCNIGEN Appendix 03.3 2ota Ysoue 4 dated 1st January 2001 4. A high frequency eddy current pencil probe wil only locale delects vihich: a) have measurable depth b) are surface breaking ©) in materials of vary high permeability 4) ere close to change of geometry LEVEL 2 General Theory of the Eddy Current Method 1. When the applied voltage and current through @ circuit are in phase tho @) current loads vollage by 90 degrees ) current and voltage have the same value 6) voltage leads current by 80 degrees 4) none of the above 2 In ecdly current test systems where encicling cols are used, coupling efficiency is velorred to as: a) lito 2) edge factor ©) Mil factor ©) phase aiiterentiaton 3 ine term used to dafine the value of H fel! required to decrease the residual magnetism in a ‘material to zer0 : 4} coercive force by magnatising force ©) bark emt ©) the overiap valua 4. When the voltage applied toa cireuit and the current through the circuit hth each thoi maximums

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