Se ] NOTES (P1) MATHEMATICS COMPILED BY RAFIQUE AKHTAR BALOCH ul . iw if BOGKS DP» |!A-Level Mathematics Paper 1 u rs Notes } Rafique Akthar Baloch (0300-4897003) Visiting Teacher AT LACAS1 Pure Mathematics 1 (for Paper 1) 14 Quadeties Conddstes shouldbe abt: 4+ canyoutthe proces of completing th square fora quadatc polyoma ar + + and use completed square form “+ find the decrininant of qusdratlepolyponiat ae + be eanduse the dseiminant “+ solve quadratic equations and guratie Inequalities none unkown ‘+ solveby substnution api of smultanous ‘equations of which an ner and one fs quadratic 4+ recognize and salve equations inx which re quadratic some function of. 2 wccambieinteratonsot/alevel Notes and examples ‘9g to locate the vertex the groph of yeae + bre ortosketch the graph ‘gto etre the amie roots the ‘inion a hr e= 0. Knowledge fhe erm ‘repeated oot is incuded. by acing completing he square an ug the fermi gat yt 1 Omnds?+s7~25, Bes yond =A ay egat $0440, 64 VE~ tant = 1+ tans, Backto content page ‘Contrige iterators AS BA tewel Matera 9709 saber 2020, 2021 nd 202, Sub comtent 1. Pure Mathematics 1 412 Functions Candidates shoul be able to: “+ understand the terms function, domi, ‘ange, one-one function verse funtion and ‘omposition of functions ety the range ofa given fanetion i simple ‘ass, nd tind the compastion of te given functions 1+ determine whether or not a give unetion ‘ne-one, and find the inverse af a one-one funtion in snp cases ‘+ ustat in graphical terms the elation between ‘o0-one function anditsinvere 1+ understand and ws the transformations ofthe raph of y= Aa) gen by veils) tay tea, yea). en an iglconbiaions ot 13 Coordinate geometry Candidates shoul able 0: “find the equation ofa stright ine given slit information 1+ interpret and use any ofthe forms y= mar +, y—yyn mtr x)sar+ by + c= Din solving problems nerd hat extn ema) = BF =r represents thee wrivemne (Dando 4 se agicmetods ose pbs ig nent ee ‘+ urcorstan tho relationship btwoon graph and Its osecited algebraic equation apd ue the ‘elationship betveen pont of nersecton of raphe and solutions of equations. Notes and examples egirangeof f:x--t for > Land rangeotg:x— 2+ for £6 Rinsing the ‘andor hata compas function eno be fermad wn the range Tis wih domo 0. (2) —4()(k +2) > 0 + a=1,b=2andc=k+2 ~4k-4>0 4k>4 << Use inequality signs throughout. k<-l Example 15 A line has equation y = 4k - x and a curve has equation y = 3x~ kx?, where kis a constant. a) Find the two values of k for which the line is a tangent to the curve. 'b) Hence find the coordinates of the points where the line touches the curve. a) the line and the curve meet when 4k—x=3x— ke? < — Both equal y. ko — 4x4 4k =0 — “The line isa tangent so there is one repeated root, Rearrange in the form ax? + bx + c= 0 (-4)? = 4(4(4R) = 0 — Pa 4ac=0 16 = 16k, =1 k=lork=-1 b) When k= 1: #-4x44=0 <—— Substitute in kx? — 4x + 4k =0, (x-2)(x-2)=0 x=2yedk-x24-222 When : 2 4x Bae t4 (x4 2042) x=-2,y=4k—-x=-442=-2 Line meets curve at (2, 2) and (-2,-2). <———— The question asked for coordinates.Example 18 » ‘The diagram shows a circle, centre C, with equation 2 (x= 7) + (y~ 6)? = 25. PQisa diameter, where ” Pis (3, 9) and Qis (11, 3). R(12, 6) lies on the circle. . : Show that the line perpendicular to QR and passing 4 through R goes through P. 2 o246amre * QR has gradient. = =3,s0 the gradient of the perpendicular is + << Gradients of perpendicular lines mutipy to —1. ‘The equation of the perpendicular line through (12, 6) is given by << Substitute the gradient and known point to get the equation of the line. <—— Rearrange to standard form. x3410=9 ~<—___ Always finish the answer toa ‘show that’ so P(3, 9)lies on the line, ‘question with a stalement, Example 19 ABis the diameter of a circle, where A is (2, 6) and Bis (8, 2). ‘The tangent to the circle at B meets the x-axis at P and the y-axis at Q. Find the coordinates of P and Q. ‘A tangent is perpendicular to the diameter and we have two points defining the diameter. “The equation of the perpendicular line through (8, 2) is given by we yd aie =8), <——— Substitute the gradient and known point to get the equation of the line. yop 10 <——— Pearrange to standard form, > Continued on the next page. Poinls of inlersection and ice properties When y=0,0=3s- 109 2 <—— substitute x = 0 and y = Oto tnd coordinates ot intercepts. soPx(20). 3 When x =0, y= —10s0 Qis (0, -10).Exercise 3.5 1. Find the value of k for which the line y = 2kx +7 is a tangent to the curve y= 3+ kx 2. Acircle with centre Chas equation x? + y* — 6x + 4y + a) Express the equation in the form (x ~ a)’ + (y~b)? b) Find the coordinates of C and the radius of the cirde. 3. Find the set of values of k for which the line y = kx — 4 intersects the curve y = x at two distinct points. 0. Coordinate geometry 4, The line y = 5 ~ kx, where k is an integer, is a tangent to the curve y = 2k - 2°. a) Find the possible values of k. When k= 2, the line y= 5 ~ kris a tangent to the curve y= 2k ~ x" at point A. b) Find the coordinates of A. 5. Determine the shortest distance from the point A(1, 3) to the circle with equation x° + y*~ LOx ~ 12+ 45=0. 6. Acurve has equation y= 2x’ + kx ~ 1 anda line has equation x + y +k = 0, where k is a constant. a) State the value of k for which the line is tangent to the curve, b) For this value of k find the coordinates of the point where the line touches the curve. 7. The equation ofa line is y= x~ k, where k is a constant, and the equation of a curve is x? +2 a) When k= 1, the line intersects the curve at the points A and B. Find the coordinates of A and the coordinates of B. b) Find the value of k for which the line y = x ~ kis a tangent to the curve x + 2y =k. 8. A circle with centre C has equation x: + y? ~ 8x ~ 6y~ 20 = 0. a) Find the coordinates of Cand the radius of the circle. b) A(10, 0) lies on the circle. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at A. 9. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x8 + y? - 12x-+ 26= at the point P(3, L). Give your answer in the form ax + by + ¢= 0, where a, b and care integers, 10, A line has equation y = 2kx - 9 and a curve has equation y = 2? ~ ky, where kis a constant a) Find the two values of k for which the line isa tangent to the curve. b) Foreach value off, find the coordinates of the point where the line is a tangent to the curve, and find the equation of the line that joins these two points. 19, P(2, 1) isa point on the circumference of the circle x + y? ~ 10x + 2y-+ 13 PQisa diameter of the circle. Find the equation of the line through P and Q. 12. Show that the line with equation y = 2x ~ 3 cannot be a tangent to the curve with equation y =x? = 3x+5. 13, Aline has equation y = 2kx - 7 and acurve has equation y =x! + kx- 3, where kis a positive integer. a) Find the value of k for which the line is a tangent to the curve, b) For this value of k, find the coordinates of the point where the line touches the curve.Exercise 3.5 page 65 Ll k=-4 2 a) (x3) 4(y+27=5 b) Centre (3, —2), radius 45 3. k<-4,)k>4 4, a) k=2ork=-10 b) (1,3) 5 1 6 a) k=3 b) (-1,-2) 7. a) (-3,-4)and(1,0) b) k=-3 8. a) C(4,3),radius3V5 bb) y= 2x - 20 9. 3x—y—8=0 10. a) k=2ork=-2 b) (3, 3) and (-3, 3); y=3 Ll. 2x+3y-7=0 12. Proof10 1 Practice Questions Exercise #1 ‘Aline joining a vertex ofa triangle tothe mid-point ofthe opposite side i called a median, Find the length of the median AM in the triangle A(-1,1), 3(0,3), C(4,7)- ‘Avtiangle has vertices A(-2.1), B(3,-4) and C(5,7). (a) Find the coordinates of M, the mid-point of AB, and N, the mid-point of AC. (b) Show that MIV is parallel to BC. . ‘The points (2,1), B(2,7) and C{-4,-1) form & triangle. M is the mid-point of AB and N is the mid-point of AC. (a) Find the lengths of MN and BC. (b) Show that BC=2MN. ‘The vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD are AI), B(7,3),C(9,-7) and D{-3,~3). The points P,Q, R and S are the mid-points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. (@) Find the gradient of each side of PORS. (b) What type of quadrilateral is PORS? Find the equations of the lines joining the following pairs of poin. @ (1,4) and (3,10) (&) (4,5) and (-2,-7) (© (3,2) and (0,4) @ (7) and (3,12) Find the equation of the line through (2,1) parallel to y= }x-3. Find the equation ofthe line through (4,3) parallel y-+21 = Find the equation of the ine through (1,2) parallel tothe Line, joining (3,—1) and (-5,2). Find the equation of the line through (3,9) parallel tothe line joining (~3,2) and (2,-3). Find the equation of the line through (1,7) parallel to the x-axis. Find the equation of the line through the point (~2,5) which is perpendicular to the line y=3x +1. Find also the point of intersection of the two lines. Find the equation of the line through the point (1) which i perpendicular to the line 2x ~3y = 12. Find also the point of intersection ofthe two lines. ‘Aline through a vertex of a triangle which is perpendicular to the opposite side is called an ‘litude, Find the equation of te altitude through the vertex A of the triangle ABC where A is the point (2,3), Bis (1,-7) and Cis (4.-1)Answers: 15 6 yd? 2) Mis(},-1}),Nis(14,4) 7 ytte=s 3 @ MN=5,8C=10 8 4 (0) Gradients PQ and SR both -1, g xty=l2 OR and PS both 3 y=7 (b) Parallelogram 10 a 43y=13,(1,4) 5 (a) y=3xtl (b) y=2x-3 3x+2y=5,(3,-2) 2x+3y-12=0 -3= (©) 2x+3y @) x-3=0 xi2y=88 Exercise #2 1 The straight line sy+ dre] meets the curve xy+ 2420 atthe points A and B. Find the length Theoret fo one decimal ae 161 2 pe ine y+ 4x= 23. intersects the ene yea 20 attwo points, A and B. Find the equation of the perpendicular bsetor cof the line AB. (6) ‘The straight line 3x=2y + 18 intersects the curve gy? 234 + 2y +50 =0 at the points A and B. rear thi A ies below the a-axis and at the point P lies on AB such that AP: PB= 1:2, find the 4 comintes of P. 6 Find te coordinates ofthe points where the straight ine y= 2-3. intersects He curve ay eaytxe 30. 3} 5 pendicular The points AC2, 2), BLA 4) and C(S, 2) are the veries of atiangle. 78 Fr ctor of AB and te line through A parallel fo ‘BC inersect at the point D. Find the area of the g, ssdtiateral ABCD. the diagram shows the line AB pass ine AB passing through the points AC Tre ingreiperpendiclar @ AB, mects AB at C ine ie at 2 and B(S. 9). The Hine throu Find abe (the coordinates of Cand of O- (ithe area of triangle ACO: a 21Answers: 1 (8-3) and (-7.,3.2) d= W(15.546.2") = 18.7 2 = (53) and (119) aa iad Mid-pomnt = G11) a dyer 3 (2,-6) and (8, 3)2 Answers 1 © pstep+estep=2 mal C1, 6) DOS. 12) 2) Equation y-3=-3(x-2) i) Ifx=0,y=9,8(0,9) Vector move D (4, -3) Area = 40 3 a=), xe-K, yeo3% Equation is y-3 4 ¥ Solution of sim eqns + a= 6,b=3 5 Equation MB: y-4 = -2(x-1) ‘When y= 0,x=3 or B=(3,0) diy) D= (1,8) | AD= Ja0 of 0.32 & —(6, 1) and (2, 3) Midpoint Af(4,2) mans k<-J38 and k > J38 7 @ G4D x-244=0 8 ys2x-20 | Past Paper Questions Co-ordinate Geometry i Tine L, has equation 2x +y= 8. The line L, passes through the point A (7, 4) and is isdae tol, Perpendi () Find the equation of L,. “1 (Qt) Given thet the lines L, and L, intersect atthe point B, find the length of AB. 141 Treeuney=9-£ and the line y+ = 8 intersect at two points. Find (D the coordinates of the two points, 14) 4] (at) the equation ofthe perpendicular bisector of the line joining the two points. c CD. The points B and D have coordinates (2, 10) and (6. 2) The diagram shows a thombus AB( “The mid-point of BD is M. Find, by calculation, the coordinates respectively, and A lies on the x-axis. of each of M.A and C. {61 “The curve y? = 12x intersects the line 3y = 4x + 6 at two points. Find the distance between the two points. x (a 4 call ‘The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD. The point A is (2, 14), B eo and C lies on the x-axis. Find aR fe & iO (® the equation of BC, ® (li) the coordinates of C and D. (3) ©)4 x 2 i equation of AC is i r tively and the equation of AC ig agram, the points A and C lie onthe x= andl y-axes FESPE he enuain ae pee Therein has coordinates (2, 2). The perpendicular from B to AC meets the = (4) (D Find the coordinates of X. “The point D is such thatthe quadrilateral ABCD has AC as a line of symmetry (il) Find the coordinates of D. Ry (iii) Find, correct to 1 decimal place, the perimeter of ABCD. GB) Due i i ine 2y = A lies on the y-axis ‘The diagram shows points A, B and C lying on the line 2y = x +4. The point ; and AB = BC. The line from D (10, ~3) to B is perpendicular to AC. Calculate the coordinates of 7 and C. 1). ‘The line L, passes through A and is arto AB. The lines L, and L, meet t iG} ‘The line L, passes through the points A (2, 5) and B(10, 8). ‘The line Ly is parallel to L, and passes through the origin. The point C lies on L, such that AC is pependicular to Ly. Find ( the coordinates of C, CC. Find the coordinates of C. 8 Q (W) the distance AC.15 10 The point A has coordinates (~1, 5) and the point & has coordi inates (7, uW 2 3 14 15 16 v7 bisector of AB meets the x-axis at'C and the J Perpendicut ro . 1). The ‘he point is the reflection ofthe polnt (1.3) nthe nc ae ne ee CD. 61 coordinates of R. the m Find the coordinates of the point at which the perpendicular bis (10, 3) meets the x-axis. Which the perpendicular bisector of the line joining (2, 7) to (5) ‘The point C lies on the perpendicular bisector of the s Caso lies onthe line parallel to AB through (3,11). 2 N® Me Points ACA, 6) and B10, 25 () Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB. 4 (UW) Calculate the coordinates of C. 3 Tse points have coordinates A (0, 7), B(8, 3) and C(3k, k). Find the value of the constant k for whi (@) Cllies on the line that passes through A and B, (4) Gi) C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB. 4 » ¢ 2 lous. 482 ol x ‘The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD, where A is (3, 2) and Bis (1, 6). (®) Find the equation of BC. (4 Given that the equation of ACis y = x~ 1, find i) the coordinates of C, a the perimeter of the rectangle ABCD. BI [4] Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the line y+ 2x = IL = ©, ‘The diagram shows a trapezium ABCD in i ‘BC is parallel to AD and angle BCD = 90°. The coordinates of A, B and D are (2, 0), (4, 6) and (12, 5) respectively. [5] 2] (@ Find the equations of BC and CD. i) Calculate the coordinates of C.i 3x =9. The : f sectny 2x? ace Tapatiecuon of THER YY eu 18 The equation of ac 2 line eset ‘atthe points A and B. y pie a, Sow ut cons om 4). 1-point of ee which the tangent is parallel to the (ay Find the coordinates of the point Q on the curve at ; y+3x=9 fT the distance MQ. — 7 one nts sae coordinates A (2, 6), B(8, 10) and (6, 0). The perpendicular bisector of 4g meets the line BC at D. Find B in the form ax-+ by = ¢ cy (the eqution ofthe perpendicular bisector of A 4 (ay the coordinates of D- i 20 i COIS) (13.10) ‘The three points A (1, 3), B (13, 11) and C(6, 15) are shown in the diagram. ‘The perpendicular from C to AB meets AB at the point D. Find (i) the equation of CD, 6 2 i) the coordinates of D. ke o 4 oil 2 ‘The three points A (3, 8), 8 (6, 2) and C (10, 2) are shown it ft Co 8), B(6, . in the diagram. The point D i line DA is perpendicular to AB and DC is parallel to AB. Caleulate the coordinates of Do t OE e7 n ‘The diagram shows a recangle ABCD. The point A is (0, ~2) and C is (12, 14). The diagonal BD is paralle! to the x-axis. (Explain why the y-coordinate of D is 6 in} ‘The x-coordinate of D is h. (a) Express the gradients of AD and CD in terms of h. BI (i) Calculate the x-coordinates of D and B. (4) (iv) Calculate the area of the rectangle ABCD- 3) y B 2 oS “The diageam shows part of the curve » = 7—~ and the Line y = 3x44, The curve andZthéline meet at points A and B. se (@ Find the coordinates of A and B. ey ny (i) Find the length of the line AB and the coordinates of the nid poigh Aa. BI : x 2m ‘The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD in which the point A poi ‘The dag shows tera point A is (-1, -1), the point B is (3, 6) and te point Cis (2, 4). The diagonals AC and BD ier tM. ‘Angle BMA = 90° and BM = MD. ( the coordinates of M and D, (ii) the ratio AM : MC. m 2Answers 1M gyexeteo 447 2 esa id yz? 3 06 12) 4 GO GD 37S wns 5 (i) 2xt3y=20 Uillgo,0) Das & (46 i) 2619 (il) 40.9 wits 7 Bare (6.5) Care (12, 8) 8 coordinates of C are (5.5) 9 OED (i) HE ose 10 *CuetZ, 0) Dae. 2) 'COm2s wis 31 coordinates of R=(7, 15) 2 05.0 13 ()2y=38713 (i) G7) 14 (i)e=28 (li) k= 06 15 (i) 2y-x=11 (il) C03 1) 16 coordinates we: 4.3 me (2.8) 17 (i) y+2e=29 (i) a9) 18 ip.) (i) +25 amis 19 (i) sr+2y=31 (ii) 9D 20 (i)3x42y=48 (ii) 00.9) 21 (62, 96) 22 (i) 6 (i) oe ) Bis 4.0816. (iv) 160 unit? 23. () dwe(-hy'bue( 2.5) (i s2r unis. (-3- F aEETeT 20 Dare (7, -2) (ii) 3:2 » 28 (Ms 95 (i x42ye27 (i) a» a7 (y ayeets (i) 65 75) CH 15 units aa () kea7 ond 9 (il) 2) 29 976 b=8SERIES (A.P AND G.P) jon (A. arithmetl Progre’ if difference of any two consecutive terms of a sequence Is constant, then it the sequence is called arithemetic regression. Te aference |S visually denoted by’ andthe fist term ls denoted by’ general term formula of “AP” is Pt ancat(-i)d vse’ denotes sum offers Ap, then gaz 2 (ae(o-1)6)- iFlast term of sequence is given, which is denoted by ‘I then 2 n = fat! sn 3 1 Geometric progression (G.P): ant, then the sequence is called geometric if ratio of any two consecutive terms in a sequence is const Sd by rf‘ isthe first term of G.P, then its general term called common ratio and is denote’ progression (GP) It rati formulaisan=at" gum of finite terms in G.P i Dige >t rl ge Ditr called convergence series Z inal function, then itis dénated as convergence function. => OR if infinite tert Divergence series j & 4 if sum of infinite terms in given series is equal to infinite values, {€QN is called divergence function Le. Sw=0 gs Use of general term formula and sum of terms sn Ks General term (a) formula is used to find out single term OR to find value of unknown variables if value of any specific term is given in A.P and G.P.im of terms or to find value of unknown variables when sum of x= $764.71. (shown) payment of $x, the amount owed= (1500 - x )(1.04) (iy After the second payment of $x, amount owed at beginning of 3% month is {(0500-x)1.04—] (1.04 1500(1.04)? - 1.04? x-1.04x ‘After the second payment of $x, amount owed at beginning of 4th month is [1500(1.04)* — 1.047 x 1.04x-x](1.04) =1500(1.04)* — 1.04? x~1.047x-1.04x After nth payment of Sx, the amount still owed at the beginning of the (+1 jth month =1500(1.04)" - 1.04" x- 1.04" x-., 1.047 x-1.04x 15000" = x(r +7? tot”) where = 1.04 At the (1-41 ))th payment, x= 18007 (FH tot rt) xt rtr? +... 7") =1500r" 1 3 OS 215000" r= > (srown) pret 1500r"(r- 1 r-128 Bxample ‘dint eading «426-pag book finds hat be reads fet ate get into the ject. Heresds 19 pagezo the fir day, and hi ato of eang then goos wp by 3 pages each day. How long doot be tke to fina the book? You are given that a2 19, d=3 ind $= 426. Since $= 4n(2a+(n-1)d), 426 = } (38+ (n-1)3). 852= n(3n+35), 3n? +35n-852=0. Using the quadratic formula, nee fast —4x3x(-852) _ ~35+107 2x3 6 Since a nate poste, n= E727 1. Hew ih be bokin 226 Exercise #1 11 State the first term and the common difference and then find the 7th and the 15th terms of the following APs: @) 2,6, 10,... (&) -3,0,3 ib. (U7, 14, Lele oe 9 kA Ea ca cane ce 8 ee, G's in, Fed fom fr the ath term. ‘3 Find (a) the 9th, (b) the 20th, terms of the AP 17, 13, 9, ... (©) Which term of this AP will be ~35 ? (@ Find a formula for the rith term. 4 (@) Find « formula for the mh term of the AP -10, ~7, ~4, «.. @) If 2c—3 is the arithmetic mean of 2° - 4 and 5x — 8 find the values of x. 5S The &th term of the AP a,a+4, a + 8, .. is 33. Find (a) the value of a, (b) the 15th tem. 6 If the first term of an AP is 5 and the 9th term is 25, find the common difference. 7 Find (a) the 7th term and (b) a formula for the nth term of the AP 4, 3, 13,.. 8 The 4th term of an AP is 13 and the 10th term is 31. Find the 20th term. 9 The Sth term of an AP is 53 and the 9th term is 84, Find the 17th term and a formula for the mth term. 10 ‘The 4th term of an AP is 5 and the 11th term is 26. Find (a) the first term and the common difference, (®) 4 formula for the nth term. 11. A ball rolls down a slope so that it travels 4 cm in the Ist second, 7 cm in the 2nd, 10 cm in the 3rd and so on. How far docs it travel in @ the 7h, (®) the nth, second? ‘12 The nth term (T,) of an AP is given by T, =3—5. (@) State (j) the 8th term, (ii) the 21st term, (>) What is the first term? (©) What is the common difference? 13 The nth tecm (T,) of an AP is given by T, = $ (4n— 3). (@) State Gi) the Sth term, (1) the 10th term. (b) Find the common difference. 14 If the Sth term of an AP is 10 and the 10th term is 5, find the first term and the ‘common difference. 15 If the 12th term of an AP is double the Sth term find the common difference, given thac the first term is 7. | 16 The 16th term of an AP is three times the Sth term. If the 12th term is 20 more than the 7th term, find the first term and the common difference. 17 In an AP the Sth term is ~4 times the 4th term and the sum of the Sth and 7th terms is 9. Find the first term and the common difference. 16 In an AP the 22nd term is 4 times the Sth term while the 12th term is 12 more than the ‘Sth teem. Find the first term and the common difference. “wy19 Find a formala for the nth tenn of the AP 3, 24, 2,.... 20 The sum of 3 consecuti The ive terms of an AP is 6 aod their product 1s ~42. Find these 21 p,q and r are three conseoutive terms of an AP. Express p and r ia terms ‘whore dis the comnmion difference. Ifthe sum ofthe terms is 21 and p= Gr fecha, and F. 22 Which of the following sequences is sn AP? @ fe Hem @) 45 Gene © LS @ 4$,3.2,- 23 The 9th term of an AP is 3 times the Sth term. () Find a relation between a and d. (©) Prove that the 8th tern is 5 times the 4th term. 24 If'x +1, 2x—L and x +5 are three consecutive terms of an AP, find the value of x. 25 x+2,x+3 and 2x? + 1 are three consecutive terms of an AP, find the possible values of x. Answers: 1 (a) 2,4; 26,58 (b) -3, 3; 15,39 () $.$:15,23 @) 17,-0.3; -0.1, -25 2 (a) 19 &) 31 () 32-5 3 (a) -1S (b) -59 (6) 14th (4) 21-4n 4 (@) 3n—13 ) 23 S$ (5 (0) 61 62 76) 2} -@) {n+l 841 9 144; KGn+7) 10 (a) 4,3 (b) 32-7 11 @) 2em @) 3n+lem 12 (@)G) -37 Gi) 102 () -2 (c) -5 13 (@G) 8} CH 18; 2 14 14,-1 152; 166,4 17-184} 185,3 19 47—n) 20 -3,2,70r7,2,-3 2 g—dq+d;12,7,2 22 (a)and(@) 23 (ae) at2d=0 M4 2 -Lorl}Exercise #2 Jum of the first 4 term: the 5 ‘The ninth term of an arithmetic progression i§ 22 and ifference. rand the fat erm o he proression and ne common differ a o sre mih term of the progression Is 46. | Gb Find the value of 7 “ind “The first term of a geometric progression is 12 and the second term is —6. Fin 8 @ the tenth term of the progression, é (iH the sum to infinity. _ i ich is three times the first (a) A.geometrc progression has a thind term of 20 and a sum‘ infinity which is a term. Find the first term. hth term is three times the third term. Show tha (®) An arithmetic progression is such that the ei the sum of the first eight terms is four times the sum of the jon are | and cos”. (a) The first two terms of an arithmetic progressi sete frst en terms can be expressed in the form a ~ bsix, where a and b are constants 10 found. first four terms. .crespectively. Show that the sum BI (b) The first two terms of a geometric progression are 1 and $ tan? @ respectively, where o0, then equation has t¥2 distinct real roots an wg i i rote Then equation has equal real roots OF repeated roots and the rans tangent f0 the cure, meet the care at nly one Po e curve does not intersect the x-axis and y= ax'+bxtcis thy I roots and thé and curve have no com have to show that b’-4ac Is | roots put b?-4ac=0 trb*-dac<0, then equation has no ree always +ive oF al To show that eq has no real roots, we ‘tive or b?-dac > 0 and for exactly one rea! point of intersection of ine and curve adratic equation is a curve while intersection of line and curve, make subject to any variable of linear equa eq, of curve. Solve it and find values of xand y, which are coordinates of points of coors of roots apply discriminant formula after substitution of variable from equation in simplified form. mon points. iil) seve or b2-4ac<0, for real roots show that b’-tar, graph of linear equation is @ straight line. To find points of ion and substitute that value of variablein f intersection of line and curve. For linear equation to the quadratic + The graph of au: “To show the graph of quadratic equation is above or below the x25, find y co ordinate of turning point by formula o 2 fit is tive and co-efficient of x? is also tive, then the turning pol vee Ga the was if y coordinate of turning point (stationary point) Is “Ne and the co-efficient of x(a) is vie, then turning point is maximum and the curve lie below the ¥-2%'s ‘Minimum or maximum value is minimum and the curve lie above & To find minimum or maximum value of quadratic function means find coordinate of turning point ie. y= of. a 4 Acute angle between two straight lines, when eq, of lines oF their gradients (m) are given, if 0 is angle between lines then tan o = —™2 i+ mm, Quadratic inequality ‘An inequalitiy with a quadratic expression in one variable on one side other side, is called quadratic inequalty, if quadratic inequality \ \is ctoxiseable to (ca) (x). Where o. and B are real numbers, then it may be solved by using he cor \ Snes Gre curve. —— ¥ " 1) If (ea) (x-P)p0, then x < aor x> B. The range of values of x lie bytside the reso ‘Always give your answer in set notation when the question reduiges Ya. timtthe set mz, meR)if (x-a) (xB) <0, then a& there are two distinct real roots. If #-4ac=0 thereare equal roots (one repeated root). If B-4ac<0 there are no real roots. BP 4ac>0 B4ac B—4ac <0 x no eats ‘one rot two mais +