R epublic of the P hilippines

D epartment of E ducation
N a t i o n a l C a pi t a l Re g i o n
Sc h o o l s D i v i s i o n O f f i c e o f La s Pi ñ a s C i t y

NAME: _______________________________________________________________
GRADE & SECTION: ___________________________________________________
SCORE: ______________________ TEACHER: ______________________________

MODULE IN TLE 7
Computer System Servicing
Fourth Quarter
Week 1
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
Demonstrate an understanding of the use of hand tools and equipment for CSS
(TLE_IACSS 9-12UHT-IIIa-17)
●
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify and select appropriate hand tools according to the task requirements.
2. Observe all safety procedures in using tools.
3. Check appropriate hand tools for proper operation and safety.

PRE-TEST: MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

Directions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is used to hold screws, jumpers, fasteners, and other small parts and
prevent them from getting mixed together.
A. Cable ties C. Parts organizer
B. Hex driver D. Philips head screwdriver

2. It is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer.

A. Cable ties C. Parts organizer
B. Hex driver D. Philips head screwdriver

1
3. It is sometimes called a nut driver, which is used to tighten nuts in the
same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.
A. Cable ties C. Parts organizer
B. Hex driver D. Philips head screwdriver

4. It is used to loosen or tighten crosshead screws.

A. Cable ties C. Parts organizer
B. Hex driver D. Philips head screwdriver

5. It is used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment.

A. Anti-static wrist strap C. Multimeter
B. Anti-static mat D. Tweezers

6. It is used to manipulate small parts.

A. Anti-static wrist strap C. Multimeter
B. Anti-static mat D. Tweezers

7. It is used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity

from building up.
A. Anti-static wrist strap C. Multimeter
B. Anti-static mat D. Tweezers

8. It is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on

the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptops.
A. Flashlight C. Multimeter
B. Lint free cloth D. Torx screwdriver

9. It is used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in

computer components.
A. Flashlight C. Multimeter
B. Lint free cloth D. Torx screwdriver

10. It is used to clean different computer components without scratching or

leaving debris.
A. Flashlight C. Multimeter
B. Lint free cloth D. Torx screwdriver

2
 WHAT IS IT

HARDWARE TOOLS

To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should

contain all the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which
tools to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped
into these four categories:

• Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

• Hand tools
• Cleaning tools
• Diagnostic tools

A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system

using only hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or
electrically powered, using electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap – used to prevent ESD damage to

computer equipment.

Anti-static mat – used to stand on or place hardware on

to prevent static electricity from building up.

Flat head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten

slotted screws.

Philips head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten

crosshead screws.

Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that

have a star-like depression on the top, a feature that is
mainly found on laptops.

Hex driver – sometimes called a nut driver, is used to

tighten nuts in the same way that a screwdriver tightens
screws.

3
 Needle-nose plier – used to hold small parts.

Tweezers – used to manipulate small parts.

Part retriever – used to retrieve parts from locations that

are too small for your hand to fit.

Flashlight – used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

Cleaning Tools

Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or

repairing computers. Using these tools ensures that computer components are
not damaged during cleaning. Examples:

Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer

components without scratching or leaving debris.

Compressed air – used to blow away dust and debris from

different computer parts without touching the components.

Cable ties – used to bundle cables neatly inside and

outside of a computer.

Parts organizer – used to hold screws, jumpers, fasteners,

and other small parts and prevents them from getting
mixed together.

4
Diagnostic Tools

Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of
hardware and operating system update, but that does not mean they are
problem-free. Here are the most popular tools for diagnosing your computer
problems:

Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the

quality of electricity in computer components.

Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of

computer ports.

Proper Tool Selection

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from
a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer
program that activates and controls a particular function.

Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand
in detail the scope of work to be accomplished, second, plan for the
scope considering the sequence of tasks.

2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of
the tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the
manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.

3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts,
as recommended by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition,
related consumable parts must also be selected and used according to
their manufacturer’s instructions.

Safe Use of tools

Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all
tools come with detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the

5
safety ―Do’s and Don’ts‖ for your safety. If there are set-up/use options,
operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest way to use the
tool.

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

 All tools are kept in good condition with regular maintenance.

 The right tool can be used for the job.
 Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT
to be used.
 Tools are operated according to manufacturer’s instructions.
 The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used.

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not
endangered. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines, and
equipment before use.

Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools,

equipment, and machines to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit
downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware that
maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can result in
injury. The successful maintenance program is:

• well organized and scheduled,

• controls hazards,
• defines operational procedures, and trains key personnel.

The degree of detail to include regarding

tools and equipment maintenance will
depend on the kinds of tools/equipment
used. Some construction equipment may
have very specific inspection and
maintenance requirements. Electronic
equipment may have different maintenance
requirements. Hand tools may require only
basic maintenance. Power tools should be
maintained in good working order. This
may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits
are replaced when needed and those
guards or other safety devices are operable, and any damaged electrical
cords/plugs are

6
repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged
and removed from service.

Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment.

Large companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to
the capital investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may
lease equipment and maintenance services may be included in the leasing
agreement.

General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:

• Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the
manufacturer.
• Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required.
• Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent
(e.g., licensed mechanic)
• Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted
• Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and
where the records are kept.
• Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools
and equipment.

PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT

To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a
long time, store them properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be
easy to find when needed and are less likely to be lost.

Good practices include:

• Parts should be properly stored and labeled (Figure 1).

• Tools should be properly placed on the board and labeled (Figure 2).
Consider drawing the shapes of the tools on the board so that they
always get put back in the same position.
• Use bins for storing small parts (Figure 3).
• Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good
maintenance of tools and parts.

7
Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3.

Benefits:

• Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find Costs are
reduced.
• Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools,
parts, and equipment. Workshop staff develop a sense of responsibility
and pride in their work.

POST-TEST: IDENTIFICATION TYPE

Directions. Analyze the statement carefully and identify which tool is
being described. Choose your answer inside the box and write it on a
space / blank provided.

LOOPBACK ADAPTER ANTI-STATIC WRIST STRAP

COMPRESSED AIR HEX SCREWDRIVER

ANTI-STATIC MAT FLAT HEAD SCREWDRIVER

CABLE TIES PART RETRIEVER

MULTIMETER TORX SCREWDRIVER

8
1. It prevents ESD damage to computer equipment. _________________

2. Tighten / loosen starlike screw. _________________

3. Tighten / loosen screw with a hexagonal head. _________________

4. Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your fingers. _________________

5. Tighten / loosen a slotted screw. _________________

6. It is used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from
building up. _________________

7. It blows away dust and debris from different computer parts without
touching the components. _______________

8. Bundle cables / wires neatly inside and outside of a computer.

_______________

9. Test the functionality of computer ports. _______________________

10. Test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer
components. _____________________

R epublic of the P hilippines

D epartment of E ducation
N a t i o n a l C a pi t a l Re g i o n
Sc h o o l s D i v i s i o n O f f i c e o f La s Pi ñ a s C i t y

MODULE IN TLE 7
Computer System Servicing
Fourth Quarter
Week 2
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
Demonstrate an understanding of concepts and underlying principles in
performing computer operations (TLE_IACSS 9-12PCO-Ic-d-4)

OBJECTIVES ●
1. Identify the procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular
backups and virus checks in accordance with standard operating
procedures.
2. Observe all safety procedures in maintaining computer equipment and
systems.
9
3. Implement basic troubleshooting procedures in line with the standards
operating procedures.
 PRETEST: MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
Directions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a self-replicating computer program like a computer virus. It harms a

network and consumes bandwidth, whereas viruses infect or corrupt files
on a targeted computer.
A. Antivirus program C. Computer worm
B. Computer Virus D. Trojan horse

2. It is a program, or a piece of code made by hackers, where it executes,

replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own
code.
A. Antivirus program C. Computer worm
B. Computer Virus D. Trojan horse

3. It is a malicious program that is disguised as or embedded within legitimate

software.
A. Antivirus program C. Computer worm
B. Computer Virus D. Trojan horse

4. A utility that searches a hard disk for viruses and removes any that are
found.
A. Antivirus program C. Computer worm
B. Computer Virus D. Trojan horse

5. It can occur without the user feeling a shock and will only occur while
working on the inside of the computer or handling an expansion card.
A. Cleaning computer components C. Electro-static discharge
B. Computer power on self-test D. Problem with RAM

6. It helps keep the components and computer in good working condition and
helps keep the computer from spreading germs.

10
 A. Cleaning computer components C. Electro-static discharge
B. Computer power on self-test D. Problem with RAM

7. The computer generates three short beeps as it starts.

A. Cleaning computer components C. Electro-static discharge
B. Computer power on self-test D. Problem with RAM

8. It checks the computer to make sure it meets the necessary system

requirements, and that all hardware is working properly before starting the
remainder of the boot process.
A. Cleaning computer components C. Electro-static discharge
B. Computer power on self-test D. Problem with RAM

9. It can be caused by third-party hardware or bad power cable.

A. Cleaning computer components C. No power computer
B. Keyboard error at boot D. Problem with RAM

10. It can be caused by a keyboard is not connected properly or a stuck key.

A. Cleaning computer components C. No power computer
B. Keyboard error at boot D. Problem with RAM

WHAT IS IT

A Computer Virus is a program, or a piece of code made by hackers, where it

is executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and
inserting its own code. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are
then said to be “infected” with a computer virus.
Trojan Horse – is a malicious program that is disguised
as or embedded within legitimate software.

Computer Worm – is a self-replicating computer program

like a computer virus. A worm harms a network and
consume bandwidth, whereas viruses infect or corrupt
files on a targeted computer.

Antivirus Program

A utility that searches a hard disk for viruses and removes any that are found.
Most antivirus programs include an auto-update feature that enables the

11
program to download profiles of new viruses so that it can check for the new
viruses as soon as they are discovered.

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)

It is one of the few things an individual can do to damage or destroy his or her
computer or hardware components. ESD can occur without the user feeling a
shock and will only occur while working on the inside of the computer or
handling an expansion card.

Cleaning Computer Components

Cleaning the computer, its components, and peripherals helps keep the
components and computer in good working condition and helps keep the
computer from spreading germs.

Computer Power-On Self-Test (POST)

It checks the computer to make sure it meets the necessary system

requirements, and that all hardware is working properly before starting the
remainder of the boot process.

Related Issues to Computer RAM (Memory)

The computer generates three short beeps as it starts. The following are
computer RAM (memory related issues.

● Remove added memory.

● Open computer and reseat memory.
● Swap memory location.
● Try another computer’s memory.
● Replace memory.

No Power or Computer Does Not Turn On

Cause: No power from the computer can be caused by any of the below
possibilities.
1. Connections not connected properly.
2. Third-party hardware.
3. Bad power cable.
4. Incorrect power supply.
5. Bad battery.
6. Bad power supply, power button, and/or power board or inverter.

12
Keyboard Error at Boot
Cause: An error with the keyboard can be caused by any of the below
possibilities.
1. Keyboard is not connected properly.
2. Stuck key.
3. Bad keyboard.
4. Bad PS/2 or AT port.

Troubleshooting Computer Components and Peripherals

The troubleshooting process can be guided by structured methods, but it is not

static, and its steps are not always the same and may not be executed in the
exact same order anytime. The generic troubleshooting process consists of the
following tasks.
1. Defining the problem
2. Gathering information
3. Analyzing the information
4. Eliminating the possible problem causes
5. Formulating a hypothesis about the likely cause of the problem
6. Testing that hypothesis
7. Solving the problem

The Troubleshooting Process

There is no exact recipe for troubleshooting. Every problem is different, and it

is impossible to create a script that will solve all possible problem scenarios.
Troubleshooting is a skill that requires relevant knowledge and experience.

The fundamental elements of a troubleshooting process are as follows:

● Gathering of information and symptoms
● Analyzing information
● Eliminating possible causes
● Formulating a hypothesis
● Testing the hypothesis
Some commonly used troubleshooting approaches are as follows:
● Top down
● Bottom up
● Divide and conquer
● Follow the path
● Spot the differences
● Move the problem
Communication is an essential part of the troubleshooting process, and it
happens in all the following stages of troubleshooting:

13
 ● Report the problem
● Gathering information
● Analyzing and eliminating possible causes
● Proposing and testing a hypothesis
● Solving the problem

Apply troubleshooting skills:

Problem: Power button will not start computer

Solution 1: If your computer does not start, begin by checking the power cord
to confirm that it is plugged securely into the back of the computer case and
the power outlet.
Solution 2: If it is plugged into an outlet, make sure it is working. To check
your outlet, you can plug in another electrical device, such as a lamp or
cellphone, and see if it receives electrical properly.
Solution 3: If the computer is plugged into a surge protector, verify that is
turned on. You may have to reset the surge protector by turning it off and then
back on. You can also plug a lamp or other device into the surge protector by
turning it off and then back on. You can also plug a lamp or other device into
the surge protector to verify that it is on.
Solution 4: If you are using a laptop, the battery may not be charged. Plug the
AC adapter into the wall, and then try to turn on the laptop. If it still does not
start up, you may need to wait a few minutes and try again.

Problem: The screen is blank.

Solution 1: The computer may be in Sleep mode. Click the mouse or press any
key on the keyboard to wake it.
Solution 2: Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.
Solution 3: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.
Solution 4: If you are using a desktop, make sure the monitor cable is
properly connected to the computer tower and the monitor.

POST-TEST: ENUMERATION TYPE

Directions: Situation analysis. Give the following and write your
answers on the space provided.

A. Give three (3) possible solutions when the power button of a computer is
not working.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

14
 _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

B. Give two (2) possible solutions when the screen is blank.

4. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

C. Give three (3) possible causes when a computer does not turn on.
6. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

D. Give two (2) possible causes of keyboard malfunction or keyboard error.

9. _______________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________

15
 R epublic of the P hilippines
D epartment of E ducation
N a t i o n a l C a pi t a l Re g i o n
Sc h o o l s D i v i s i o n O f f i c e o f La s Pi ñ a s C i t y

MODULE IN TLE 7
Computer System Servicing
Fourth Quarter
Week 3

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Discuss the devices, equipment, peripherals, and parts of computer
(TLE_ICTCCF& CH-oa-1)

OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the uses of computer.
2. Illustrate each function of computer.

PRETEST: MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

16
Directions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It making computers perform like humans.

A. Artificial intelligence C. Robotics
B. Perform Calculations D. Word processing

2. It replaced the typewriter and for word processing became the primary
purpose for using computers.
A. Artificial intelligence C. Robotics
B. Perform Calculations D. Word processing

3. It is used to program and function according to the purpose in which they

were built.
A. Artificial intelligence C. Robotics
B. Perform Calculations D. Word processing

4. It can perform more complex statistical computations and linear

programming computations to name a few.
A. Artificial intelligence C. Robotics
B. Perform Calculations D. Word processing

5. It can create home movies from photographs that they have taken, create
greeting cards, voice recordings, edit pictures, blogging etc.
A. Communications C. Special project
B. Processing of transactions D. Storing information

6. This makes the world look smaller and using a computer makes letter
sending obsolete.
A. Communications C. Special project
B. Processing of transactions D. Storing information

7. In non-manufacturing companies, computers are used to complete the work.

A. Communications C. Special project
B. Processing of transactions D. Storing information

8. It helps in the reduction of files (papers) in offices through saving and

storing of files in any devices.
A. Communications C. Special project
B. Processing of transactions D. Storing information

17
9. It represents real life situations. Some companies run a program as a more
cost-effective measure before producing the actual product or in deciding.
A. Production process C. Simulation
B. Programming D. Storing information

10. It is used to develop programs or applications for all types of industries.

A. Production process C. Simulation
B. Programming D. Storing information

WHAT IS IT

Computer comes from the root word compute, meaning to calculate. It is

defined as a machine for manipulating data according to a sequence of
instructions. It is an electronic device that can be instructed to carry out
sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer
programming.

The following are the uses of computers.

Perform Calculations. Calculations are not limited to

performing calculator functions (i.e., four basic operations and
scientific functions) but can perform more complex statistical
computations and linear programming computations to name a
few. Various computer software is available for more complex
computations.
Word Processing. Computers have replaced the typewriter
and for word processing become the primary purpose for using
computers.

Storing Information. Another purpose of the computer is it

helps in the reduction of files (papers) in offices. In place of
papers files are stored in the hard disk drives of the computer
and/or external storage devices like flash drives CD/DVD, and
external hard drives.
Communications. This makes the world look smaller. Through
the web people can communicate with each other real time
through Social Media platforms like Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram etc. or like messenger and e-mail (electronic mail).
Communications using a computer makes letter sending
obsolete.
Entertainment. Computers can play audio CDs, MP3 to MP5s,
movies in HD and Dolby Digital format. One of the popular
forms are games. Games are played individually or with a small
group and even a large group for LAN and web-based games.

18
 Simulation. It represents real life situations. Some companies
run simulations as a more cost-effective measure before
producing the actual product or in deciding. Airplane pilots
train using flight simulation programs. Automobile
manufacturers conduct testing of their vehicles through
simulation before producing the unit.
Programming. Computers are used to develop programs or
applications for all types of industries.

Production Process. In non-manufacturing companies’

computers are used to make sure quality is consistent
throughout production. Computers are also used to operate the
machines therefore, reducing the needs for manpower.

Processing of Transaction. In non-manufacturing

companies, computers are used to process transactions.
An example is a banking system, where the computers
located in the different branches are connected to a large
network together with Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)
and Billing Payments for Electricity, water, telephone bills
etc.
Special Project. A multi-purpose device, users can
create home movies from photographs that they have
taken, create greeting cards, voice recordings, edit
pictures, blogging etc.

Robotics. Computers have been used to program robots

to function according to the purpose in which they were
built. Various companies have started developing robots
and continuous research is being made regarding this
field.

Artificial Intelligence. Making computers perform like

humans. For example, robots have been programmed to
walk, communicate, etc.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Write a simple narrative, by expressing your own idea about how
a computer helps in terms of education and/or economy, especially in a new
normal situation. Your answer will score according to the rubrics below. Write
your answer on the space inside the box.

19
 POINTS CRITERIA
EARNED
10 Give at least 10 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
9 Give at least 9 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
8 Give at least 8 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
7 Give at least 7sentences w/out repetition of explanation
6 Give at least 6 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
4-5 Give at least 4-5 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
1-3 Give at least 1-3sentence(s) w/out repetition of explanation

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
POST-TEST: MATCHING TYPE TYPE
Directions. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write the letter
your answers on a space provided before the number.

Statement (Column A) Choices (Column B)

____ 1. Users can create home movies from
photographs that they have taken, voice recordings, A. COMPUTER
edit pictures, blogging etc.
____ 2. Computers have been used to program robots
B. PERFORM
to function according to the purpose in which they
CALCULATIONS
were built.
____ 3. It is an electronic device that can be
instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or C. WORD PROCESSING
logical operations automatically.
____ 4. It can perform more complex statistical
D. STORING
computations and linear programming
INFORMATION
computations.
____ 5. Computers have replaced the typewriter and
E. SPECIAL PROJECT
become the primary purpose of using computers.
____ 6. Banking systems and payment of billings are
F. ROBOTICS
examples of using computers.
_____ 7. In non-manufacturing companies,
computers are used to operate the machines G. SIMULATION
therefore, reducing the needs for manpower.
____ 8. Computers are used to develop programs or
applications for all types of industries. H. PROGRAMMING.

20
_____ 9. It represents real life situations like training I. PRODUCTION
of pilots and testing of vehicles. PROCESS
_____ 10. In place of papers files are stored in the
hard disk drives of the computer and/or external J. PROCESSING OF
storage devices like flash drives CD/DVD, and TRANSACTION
external hard drives.

R epublic of the P hilippines

D epartment of E ducation
N a t i o n a l C a pi t a l Re g i o n
Sc h o o l s D i v i s i o n O f f i c e o f La s Pi ñ a s C i t y

MODULE IN TLE 7
Computer System Servicing
Fourth Quarter
Week 4
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
Performing Computer Operations (TLE_IACCS9-12PCO-Ie-f-6)
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the computer hardware.
2. Illustrate each parts and function of computer hardware.

PRETEST: UNSCRAMBLE TYPE

Directions: Re-arrange the following jumbled letters to get the correct
word. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. LANTERC SCOPERSIGN NUIT = ____________________

2. RHAD KIDS VIRDE = ____________________

21
3. MONDAR SECCAS RYMEMO = ____________________
4. THERMOBROAD = ____________________
5. PROWE PULYPS = ____________________
6. RMOONIT RO YALPSID NITU = ____________________
7. SEMTYS TINU = ____________________
8. DROABYEK= ____________________
9. ESOUM = ____________________
10. RETNIRP= ____________________

WHAT IS IT

Computers are becoming increasingly powerful, as shown by the vast

improvement of the computer hardware. Users can bring the computers with
them and are able to do more than just computing or word processing.
Equipment and peripherals can be attached to the computer that makes people
do more.

The basic hardware of the computer includes the following:

Monitor or Display Unit. It displays in photographic form used for

viewing activity being done. There are two types of monitor. LCD and
LED Monitor.

System Unit. It is the main part of a desktop computer. It carries the

different computer components.

Keyboard. An Input device primarily used for typing. Composed of the

letters of the alphabet, numbers and function keys, keypad, locking
keys and special purpose keys.

Mouse. The mouse’s shape is like a real mouse if viewed from the side.
It moves the pointer around the screen and the user can select the
desired programs or commands by clicking or double-clicking an icon.

22
 Printer. It is an output device that produces documents, photographs,
certificates, and many others. Some printers that are “multi-purpose”
printers. For example, some printers available in the market can be
connected to a telephone line to act as a facsimile machine, can
photocopy, scan documents, photographs, certificates, print shirts, etc.
There are printers that are large that produce printed documents,
blueprints, tarpaulin, etc.
Speakers, Headsets and Earphones. These can be attached to
computers to listen to music, videos, communicate, etc.

Web Camera. For some computers this is standard equipment, for

laptops this is a device that is built into the computer but on desktop it
is separated. Used in communicating this gives the person at the other
end a chance to see the person he/she is communicating with.

Scanner. Is a device that captures images from photographic prints,

posters, magazine pages, and similar sources from computer editing
and display.

Router. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets

between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing
functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a
web page or email, is in the form of data packets.

UPS. An uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power

source (UPS) is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power
to a load when the input power source or main power fails.

System Unit. It is the main part of a desktop computer. It carries the

different computer components. Inside it are the following computer
parts:

The basic hardware of the computer includes the following:

System Case. It protects the computer chassis, hard drive,

motherboard, and other internal components for advanced
blade servers, computer networks, or small desktop units.
These external computer case shells generate space for
expansion slots, warning lights, graphics cards, RAM, and
other server applications.
Central Processing Unit (CPU). It is also known as a
microprocessor that is called the “brain of the computer”. It
is the device that processes instructions given by the user.
A variety of microprocessors are built for different
computing devices. Intel Pentium and Advanced Micro
Devices (AMD) are the most common processors in
personal computers like laptop or desktop.

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Motherboard. It is a printed circuit board and foundation
of a computer. It Also known as the main board or system
board. The microprocessor is attached to this equipment.
This is where computer components and accessories or
peripherals can be attached. This component has slots or
sockets for the monitor, mouse, keyboard, optical drives,
speakers, and other components that can be connected via
Universal Serial Bus (USB).
Video card. It is needed to be able to view the screen
display and images clearly. This can either be integrated in
the motherboard or can be installed separately. An
integrated video card shared memory with the random-
access memory as compared to a separately installed video
card which has its own memory.
Sound Card. It can be an integrated component attached
to the motherboard. An integrated sound card provides
high quality sound, and a separate sound card provides
high quality sound, and a separate sound card provides
more options for writing music and better listening
experience.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD). It is the permanent storage unit of

the computer. Also known as hard drive and magnetic
disk. Data is recorded by magnetizing the spinning platter
by the read/write head. Files are stored in blocks with each
block containing 4 to 16 kb per block. HDD drive spins at a
maximum speed of 7,200rpm (revolutions per minute) on
some HDDs, HDD of laptop computers ranges from 500GB
(gigabytes) to 1TB.
Optical Disk Drive (ODD). Different optical media can be
read and written on via laser. When recording data, with
the disc spinning at a constant speed the laser emitted
heats the disc’s (thus the term “burns”) magnetic property.
When program and files are read the disc spins at a
constant speed and the laser recognizes the “burned”
property of the disc.
Random Access Memory (RAM). It is a temporary storage
unit of the computer. Also known as primary memory.
Once the computer is turned on the operating system is
copied to the RAM. For other files and programs that are
accessed by the user they are copied into the RAM from the
HDD. Isolation of the files and programs to the RAM can
result in faster processing time since the commands or files
are not being searched from the HDD but from the RAM.

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 Power Supply Unit (or PSU). It converts mains AC to low
voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of
a computer. They also provide a signal to the motherboard
to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that
the computer can safely power up and boot.

Memory

Although memory is technically any form of

electronic storage, it is used most often to
identify fast, temporary forms of storage. If your
computer's CPU had to constantly access the
hard drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs,
it would operate very slowly. When the
information is kept in memory, the CPU can
access it much more quickly. Most forms of
memory are intended to store data temporarily.

The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes

from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data go
in random access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores pieces of data it
will need to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special
instructions in the register.

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are in the motherboard. ROM chips contain
instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for
booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM.
ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down.
The contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.

Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and
programs that are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which
means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off. The
more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer must hold and
process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance.

Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips.

The individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips, was
difficult to install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this
problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called
a memory module.

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Here are some types of memory modules:

Dual Inline Package (DIP) Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)

Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) RAMBus Inline Memory Module (RIMM)

Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module

(SODIMM).

Here are some types of memory modules:

SIMMs have 30-pin and 72-pin configurations. DIMM is a circuit board that
holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.

The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can
process because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As
processor speed increases, memory speed must also increase. For example,
single-channel memory is capable of transferring data at 64 bits. Dual-channel
memory increases speed by using a second channel of memory, creating a data
transfer rate of 128 bits. Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the
maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. DDR2 offers faster performance while using
less energy. DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none
of these DDR technologies are backward- or forward compatible.

Even with a wide and fast bus, it still takes longer for data to get from the
memory card to the CPU than it takes for the CPU to process the data. Caches
are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data used most often by
the CPU instantly available. Registers are memory cells built right into the
CPU that contain specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic
and Logic Unit (ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled
directly by the compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.

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27
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Read each statement below carefully and Fill in the blank(s) with
the correct answer.

As part of basic computer hardware, __________ used for viewing activity. It

is possible because of the __________ that carries different computer
components. The message or data that you need to create possibly done with
the use of __________ together with the __________ that are used to select tools
or functions in the menu bar. __________ produce documents, photographs,
certificates, and many others. To make it possible, sometimes you need
__________ to produces those data for editing and enhancing. Social media and
any other web platforms used today especially in the time of pandemic that
social distancing, work from home and school at home are evidently needed the
__________ are used to perform traffic directing functions and sent data through
the internet and the __________ in communicating that gives the person a
chance to see the person online together with the __________ to hear and talk to
them. All of this becomes possible even in the time of crisis using __________
that provides emergency power to a load when power source or mains power
fails.

Additional Activities

Directions: Answer the question below using opinion essay. Your answer will
score according to the rubrics below. Write your answer at the back of answer
sheet number four (4).

1. What is the most important part of desktop computer? Give one part of
desktop computer and answer in essay form.

POINTS EARNED CRITERIA

10 Give at least 10 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
9 Give at least 9 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
8 Give at least 8 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
7 Give at least 7sentences w/out repetition of explanation
6 Give at least 6 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
4-5 Give at least 4-5 sentences w/out repetition of explanation
1-3 Give at least 1-3 sentence(s) w/out repetition of explanation

POST-TEST: IDENTIFICATION TYPE

27
Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully and identify what part
of the system unit is being describe. Write your answer on the space provided
before each number.

____________ 1. It is the permanent storage unit of the computer, ranging

from 500GB (gigabytes) to 1TB.
_____________2. This device can read and write an optical media via laser.
_____________3. This part protects the computer chassis, hard drive,
motherboard, and other internal components for advanced
blade servers, computer networks, or small desktop units.
_____________4. A device that processes instructions given by the user. Also
known as the “brain of the computer”.
_____________5. It is an integrated component attached to the motherboard
that provides high quality sound.
_____________6. It is needed to view the screen display and images clearly.
_____________7. It is a temporary storage unit of the computer. Also known
as primary memory.
_____________8. This device converts main AC to low voltage regulated
DC power for the internal components of a computer.
_____________9. A printed circuit board and foundation of a computer and
known as main board or system board.
_____________10. It is the main part of a desktop computer that carries
different computer components.

ANSWERS KEY: WEEK 1

PRE-TEST
1. C 6. D
2. A 7. B
3. B 8. D
4. D 9. C
5. A 10. B

POST - TEST
SET A: IDENTIFICATION
1. ELECTRO-STATIC WRIST STRAP 6. ANTI-STATIC MAT
2. TORX SCREWDRIVER 7. COMPRESSED AIR
3. HEX SCREWDRIVER 8. CABLE TIES
4. PART RETRIEVER 9. LOOPBACK ADAPTER
5. FLAT HEAD SCREWDRIVER 10. MULTIMETER

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ANSWERS KEY: WEEK 2

PRE-TEST

1. C 6. A
2. B 7. D
3. D 8. B
4. A 9. C
5. C 10. B

POST-TEST.

A. Solutions if the Power button will not start the computer. (Any of
the following)
Solution 1: If your computer does not start, begin by checking the power cord
to confirm that it is plugged securely into the back of the computer case and
the power outlet.

Solution 2: If it is plugged into an outlet, make sure it is working. To check

your outlet, you can plug in another electrical device, such as a lamp or
cellphone, and see if it receives electrical properly.

Solution 3: If the computer is plugged into a surge protector, verify that is

turned on. You may have to reset the surge protector by turning it off and then
back on. You can also plug a lamp or other device into the surge protector by
turning it off and then back on. You can also plug a lamp or other device into
the surge protector to verify that it is on.
Solution 4: If you are using a laptop, the battery may not be charged. Plug the
AC adapter into the wall, and then try to turn on the laptop. If it still does not
start up, you may need to wait a few minutes and try again.

B. Solutions if the screen of a computer is blank. (Any of the

following)
Solution 1: The computer may be in Sleep mode. Click the mouse or press any
key on the keyboard to wake it.

Solution 2: Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.

Solution 3: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.

Solution 4: If you are using a desktop, make sure the monitor cable is
properly connected to the computer tower and the monitor.

C. Possible causes when a computer does not turn on. (Any of the
following)

28
 1. Connections not connected properly.
2. Third-party hardware.
3. Bad power cable.
4. Incorrect power supply. 29
5. Bad battery.
6. Bad power supply, power button, and/or power board or inverter.

D. Possible causes of keyboard malfunction or error. (Any of the

following)
1. Keyboard is not connected properly.
2. Stuck key.
3. Bad keyboard.
4. Bad PS/2 or AT port.

ANSWERS KEY: WEEK 3

PRE -TEST

1. A 6. A
2. D 7. B
3. C 8. D
4. B 9. C
5. C 10. B

POST – TEST

1. E 6. J
2. F 7. I
3. A 8. H
4. B 9. G
5. C 10. D

ANSWERS KEY: WEEK 4

PRE-TEST

1. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT 6. MONITOR OR DISPLAY UNIT

2. HARD DISK DRIVE 7. SYSTEM UNIT
3. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY 8. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
4. MOTHERBOARD 9. MOUSE
5. POWER SUPPLY 10. PRINTER

POST - TEST
1. HARD DISK DRIVE 6. VIDEO CARD
2. OPTICAL DISK DRIVE 7. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

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3. SYSTEM CASE 8. POWER SUPPLY UNIT
4. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT 9. MOTHERBOARD
5. SOUND CARD 10. SYSTEM UNIT

30

REFERENCES

Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop Edition.,
Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256
Castro et. al. Operating System and Office Applications. Vibal Publishing, 2009.
Computer Assisted Learning, Computer System Servicing. Published by CAL
Corporation, 2014.
Computer Assisted Learning, Office Application with Basic PC Troubleshooting.
Published by CAL Corporation, 2014.
Fajarito, Dennis T. Computer Fundamentals. Published by National Bookstore,
2009.
Sareen, N. Information and Communication Technology. Anmol Publications,
2006.

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