Definitions Hypotension: <90/60mmHg

Central venous 3-15cmH2O

pressure
Tidal Volume (Vt) Volume of air inhaled or Cerebral perfusion CPP = MAP – ICP
exhaled during a single normal pressure (CPP) >70mmHg
breath Intracranial 0-10mmHg
Women: 500ml Men: 500ml pressure (ICP)
Residual Volume Volume of air remaining in the Mean arterial 80-100mmHg
(RV) lungs after a single maximal pressure (MAP)
expiration
Pulmonary artery 15-25/8-15mmHg
Women: 1100ml Men: 1200ml
pressure
Minimal Volume Volume of air that would
Pulmonary artery 6-12mmHg
(MV) remain if the lungs collapsed
occlusion pressure
Women: 30-120ml Men: 30-
Respiratory rate 12-16 bpm
120ml
Bradypnoea <10bpm
Inspiratory Reserve Max volume of air that can be
Tachypnoea >20bpm
Volume (IRV) inspired in addition to a
Systemic vascular 800-1400 dyn.s.cm-5
normal tidal inspiration
resistance
Women: 1900ml Men: 3000ml
Ejection fraction 65-75%
Expiratory Reserve Max volume of air that can be
Volume (ERV) exhaled in addition to a
Haematology Normal Values
normal tidal expiration
Albumin 36-47 g/L
Women: 700ml Men: 1100ml
Bilirubin 2-17 mmol/L
Total Lung Capacity The total volume of the lungs
Calcium 2.1-2.6 mmol/L
(TLC) at the end of a maximal
inspiration Creatinine 55-150 mmol/L
TLC = VT + IRV + + ERV + RV Creatine kinase Women: 30-150 U/L
Women: 4200ml Men: 5800ml Men: 30-200 U/L
Functional Residual Volume of air remaining in the Glucose 3.6-5.8 mmol/L
Capacity (FRC) lungs at the end of a normal Magnesium 0.7-1.0 mmol/L
tidal expiration Phosphate 0.8-1.4 mmol/L
FRC = ERV + RV Potassium 3.6-5.0 mmol/L
Women: 1800ml Men: 2300ml Sodium 135-145 mmol/L
Vital Capacity (VC) Max volume of air that can be Urea 2.5-6.5 mmol/L
inspired and expired in a single
breath Blood Test Normal Values
VC = VT + IRV + ERV Red blood cell count Women: 3.8-5.3 x1012/L
Women: 3100ml Men: 4600ml (RBC) Men: 4.5-6.5 x1012/L
White blood cell count 4.0-11.0 x109/L
Normal Values for Cardiorespiratory Monitoring (WBC)
Heart rate Normal resting HR: 50-100 Packed cell volume Women: 0.35-0.47 L/L
bpm Men: 0.4-0.54 L/L
Bradycardia: <50 bpm Haemoglobin (Hb) Women: 115-165 g/L
Tachycardia: >100 bpm Men: 130-180 g/L
Stroke volume 60-130ml/beat Platelets 150-100 x109/L
Cardiac output CO = HR x SV Eosinophils 0-0.4 x109/L
4-8L/min Basophils 0-0.2 x109/L
Cardiac index 2.5-4L/min/m2 Monocytes 0.2-1.0 x109/L
Arterial blood 95/60 – 140/90 mmHg Lymphocytes 1.2-3.5 x109/L
pressure Hypertension: Neutrophils 1.5-7.0 x109/L
>145/95mmHg
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