© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ Khéa hoc “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIOI” Livestream nhom kin lite 21h15 thi¢ 4 vd Chi nhat hang tuén { ‘ Tai ligu lun hanh ndi bo Cé Tran Thay Duong 154 NHAN BINH Li LUAN VAN HOC NHAN DINH VE THO CA 1. Tho ld hinh thie vin hoe phin anh cuge sng, thé hign nhiing tam trang nhiing cam xtc manh mé bing ng6n ngir ham sic, gidu hinh anh va nhat li Tirdién thuat ngit hip dieu van hoc 2. Tho 1a tiéng noi cia tinh cm con ngudi, nhing rung dong cia trai tim trude _ cude dai. 3. Tho khdi phat ty long ta, Lé Quy Don 4, Tho chi tran ra khi trong tim ta cudc s6ng da ir day, To Hu 5. Tho trade hét phai mang tinh chat tinh cm, tinh cam trong tho gan truc tiép véi chii thé sang tao nhung khong phai la mot yéu t6 don Adc, tyné nay sinh va phat trién, Thue ra dé chinh 1a qua trinh tich ty nhéing cm xtc, nhig suy nghi cia nha the do cudc sng tic dong va tao nén, Kh6ng c6 cudc s6ng, khong cé tho. Maksim Gorky 6. Khdc vai vin xudi, tho ca chi ding mot lugng hau han cdc dgn vi ngon ngir dé biéu hién cac v6 han cita cudc sng bao gém cdc su kién ty nhién va xa hdi, Hitu Dat cing nhu nhiing diéu than kin trong tam linh con nguéi. 7. Tho 1 mot hinh nghé thuat cao quy, tinh vi. Ngudi lim tho phai cé tinh cam manh liét thé hién sy néng chay trong long. Nhung tho la c6 tinh cm, Ii tri két hop mét cch nhudn nhuyén va cé nghé thuat. Tinh cm va Ii tri dy duge dién Song Héng dat bing nhimg hinh tuong dep dé qua nhiing Joi tho trong sang vang lén nhac digu khac thudng. 8. Tho ca la su hién than cho nhing gi thm kin nhat cia con tim, thiéng ling nhat cia tim hén con ngudi va cho nhiing hinh anh tuoi dep nhat, 4m thanh Lamartine huyén digu nhat trong thién nhién. 9. Tho trudc hét la cude déi va sau do méi la nghé thuat. Belinsky 10. Tho ca khoi day trong con ngudi nhiing cam xc tham mi tuyét dep, thanh Belinsky Igc tam hén con ngudi, chdp canh cho ho bay toi nhimg uéc mo, khat vong. . 11, Tho la vién kim cuong lap anh du6i anh sing mat tréi Song Hong 12. Tho ca ld niém vui cao cd nhat ma loai ngudi di tao ra cho thé gidi va cho eran chinh minh, 13, Tho ca li ci nhuy cia cude s6ng, nén nha tho phai di hit cho duce cai nhuy va phn dau lam sao cho cudc déi cia minh cing cé nhuy. Pham Van Déng 14. Tho cét 6 ¥, ¥ C6 sau xa tho mdi hay. Khng phai bat cit diéu gi cling phai bing ng6n tit. Nhu thé méi la tho cé gid tr. Lé Hitu Trac 15. Lam tho ¢6 ba diém chinh: mot la tinh, hai la canh, ba la su. Trong lng co cm xtic thuc su, rung cdm nén Idi, Thc té bén ngoai gay thanh y, réi ding dién. Lé Quy én ~ Tai ligu Iu hanh n@i bé | Trang 1 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ tich dé noi viée ngay nay, chép viée xa hay thuat chuyén hien tai, déu ty nhién 6 tinh than. 16. Tho ma qué cdu Ki thi sa vao gia di, qué trau chudt thi sa vao xdo qua, hoang luong hiu hat thi phén nhiéu sa vio buén ba. Chi co thudn hau, gidn di, thing than, khéng gia déi, khéng xao tra, khong buén ba ma rét cudc cht trong dén surngan chan diéu xu, bao tén diéu hay, méi li nhiing dac sc chinh ciia the Ngé Thi Nham 77, Mot bai tho khong thé tn tai n€u Khng cb khodng trang cho ngudi doc di vé, Paul Claudel 18. Tho la hanh dong. Tho li dam mé. Tho Ii ham sic cao, la sy don nén cam xiie dén mite “cé dic” dé rdi phat né bing mét hinh thite ngén tir“téng hgp két tinh” c6 van hodc c6 diéu. Tho phan Anh hién thyc cudc séng ma hién thyc dy “da duge di thanh men va béc lén dém say” dén mic si mé trong tam hén thi si. Ché Lan Vién 49. Lim ngudi thi quy thing nhung lam tho thi quy cong, Lam ngudi thi khong nén cé ci t6i nhung lam tho nhat dinh phai c6 cai tdi, Vién Mai 20. Tho la anh, la nhan anh, tho cing 6 loai cy thé hitu hinh. Nhung no khac véi cAi cy thé ciia van. Cing moc lén tit cai déng tai ligu thyc té, nhung tir mot cai hau hinh né thite day duge nhing cai v6 hinh bao la. Nguyén Tuan 21, Tho 1a mot thong bao tham mi trong dé két hop bon yéu to: ¥ - Tinh - Hinh = Nhac. Ma Giang Lan 22. Tho lam no né trai tim ngudi dan chang khac gi trigu tri¢u nhing hat bul nue li ti im bio hoa khéng khi trén dat dai Dan Mach. Nguéi ndi vi thé ma khong 6 dau co cdu vng réng lon va rao ruc nhu 6 noi nay. 23. Tho la 4m nhac ciia tam hén, nhat la nhting tam hn cao ca da tinh da cam. Voltaire 24, Tho phil xudt phat tW thy tai doi song, nhung phai di qua tam hn, tri tué va khi da di qua nhu vay, tam hén, tri tué ay phai in déu vao dé that sdu sdc, cang ca thé, cang dc dao, cang hay; tho la tigng goi dan, 1a su déng thanh tuong img, déng khi tuong cdu cia nhiing con ngudi, Xuan Diéu 25. Tho la nhip cau ndi gitta trai tim voi trai tim, 26. Tho cing nhu nhac, cé thé tré thanh mét site manh phi thudng khi no chinh phuc dugc trai tim ciia quan ching nhan dan, Song Héng 27. Tho la cay dan mudn diéu cha tam hon, cia nhip thé con tim. Xua nay the van li cudc déi, 1a luong tri, 1a tiéng goi cia con ngudi hay quay vé ban chat thye ctia minh, dé vuon lén cai “chan - thién ~ mj”, tai tm cao cita khat vong sOng, t6i tam cao ciia gia tri song. 28. Trén doi cé nhing thir chi giai quyét dugc bang tho. Mayakovsky 29. Tho la su thang hoa vé cam xtc, I san pham tinh than cla nha tho. 30. Nha tho nhu con ong bién tram hoa thanh mot mat M6t git mat thanh, doi van chuy€n ong bay. Ché Lan Vién 31. Vat do cia trigu nha tho khong boc hét ving ma dai roi vai Hay nhat lay chit cia di ma gop nén trang tho. Ché Lan Vién 32. Cudc sOng la canh déng mau mé dé cho tho bén ré sinh s6i, Puskin 33. Tho ca mang dén cho con ngudi nhing diéu ky diéu 34, Tho Khoi phat tirtam hon, vuon len bing tam nhin va dong lai bing tam long ngudi vide. Hoang Minh Chau 35. Tho via la két tinh tir tam hon nguoi dén ngudi doc. tae, vila a soi day truyén sséng Nguyén Dinh Thi ~ Tai ligu Iuu hanh ngi bd | Trang 2 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ 36. Thi ca ld mot ton gido khong ki vong, Tean Cocteau 37. Tho la than hig. Platon 38. Tho 1d ngon lua than, Derzhavin 39. Tho ca la niém vui cao cA nhat mA loli ngudi da tao ra cho minh, Karl Marx 40. Déi vai nha tho thi cach viét, but phap 1a mot nila viéc lim. Du bai tho thé hign ¥ tit dc déo dén dau, né cling nhat thiét phai dep. khong chi don gian li dep ma con dep mét cach riéng. Déi vai nha tha, tim cho ra but phap cia minh, Rasul Gamzatov nghia [a tré thanh nha tho, 41, Lam tho [a can mot phan nghin milligram quang cha, Mayakovsky 2, Mot cau tha hay ld mot cau tha cd site gol Tau Trong Lir 48, CaIREE Tinh clia moi van tho TA MUG va BE. eas Muéi lang 6 né, tho dong 6 bé sau, 4. Me ru cai l€ 6 Gi, sifa nudi phan xac, hat nudi phan hon. Nguyén Duy 45. Sic dep cau tho cing phai dau tranh cho chan i, Ché Lan Vien 46. DSi thi sila tho, nhur doi ngudi nong dan Ta Waa. Nhan séc cia mot vién ngoc u? Cé khi la nhiém vy né day réi. Ché Lan Vién 47. Thi ca la nhing hinh ve vinh ctu trong trai tim cia tat cA moi NgUOT Ferlinghetti 48, Hinh thie ciing Ia vi khi, Ché Lan Vien 49. Thi sila con chim son ca ngdi trong bong ti hat [én nhing tigng ém dju dé 1am vui cho sy'¢6 dc cia minh chinh, Bysshe Shelley 30. Dé trong lng la chi, ngu ra y la tho, Ngudi co sau, can cho nén tha mé co t6, rong hep khac nhau, Ngudi lam tho khng ngoai lay trung hau kim géc, § nghia phai ham stic, Idi tho phai gidn di. Nguyén CuTrinh 51. Tho 1 mot bitc hoa dé cam nhén thay vi dé ngim., Leonardo da Vinci 52. Tho ca lam cho tat ca nhiing gi tot dep nhat trén doi tré thanh bat tt. Bysshe Shelley 53. Tho ld rugu cia thé gian. Huy Truc 54, Trong tam hn clia con ngudi déu cd cai van ma chi c6 tho ca mai mo dug. Nhecrasov 35, NAA tho, ngay c4 cdc nha tho vi dai nhat cing phai dong thoi [a nhiing nha Belinsky tu tuéng. 56. Mai khi cé gi chat chifa trong long, khong noi ra, khong chju duge thilai can Te ua 5 Té Hittu thay lam tho. 57. Tho [a sir thé hién con ngudi va thoi dai mot cach cao dep. Séng Hong 38. Tho sinh ra ti tinh yéu va long cam tha, tiny cudl trong sang hay giot nude mat dng cay. Rasul Gamzatov 39. Tho cala tiéng hat chia trai tim, [A noi dimg chan cia tinh than, do do Khong don gian ma cing khéng than bi, thiéng liéng... Tho ca chdn chinh phaila nguén thie an tinh than nudi dung tam hén phat trién, né khong duge la thir thuée phién tinh than ém Ai, nhé nhen ma déc hai... 60. Toi thu thap hinh tuong nhu con ong hat mat vay. Mot con ong phaibat mot doan dudng bing sau lan xich dao trong mot nam ba thang va dau trén bay triéu Povienko béng hoa dé lim nén mét gam mat. 61. Nhiing cdu tho lap Linh nhw nhiing tam huy chwong. Paustovsky 62. Tho la tiéng ndi cua tri n. T6 Hit 63, Giong ca budn Ia thich hgp nhat cho tha. Edgar Poe - Tai ligu luu hanh ngi bd | Trang 3 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ 64, Tha phai say mdi thich. Terie 65. Ti bao gid cho dén bay gid, tir Hmero dén Kinh thi, dén ca dao Viét Nam, tho van la mét ste déng cdm minh liét va quang dai. No da ra déi gitia nhiing | —_-Hoai Thanh vui buén ciia loai ngudi va né sé két ban véi loai ngudi cho dén ngiy tan thé. 66. Tho la tho, dng théi la hoa, la nhac, 1a cham khdc theo mot cach riéng. Song Hong 67. Tho la tiéng Tong. Diép Tiép 68. Tho ld thu ki chan thanh cita trai tim. Duy Bralay 69, Tho hay Ta tho gian di, xic dong va am nh. Dé dat duge mote ba dieu A | aa pang Khoa Gi v6i cdc thi si vin cdn 1a diéu bi mat. 70. Bai tho hay Ta bai tho doc Tén khOng con thay cau tho ma chi c6n thay tinh 16 Haw ngudi va toi mudn the phai that li gan rudt cia minh, 71. Hay hat len khi moi manh hon anh li mot soi day dan Platon 72. Tho Ta hién thyc, tho la cudc dvi, tho con Ta tho nia Xuan Diéu 78. Cau tho hay la cau tho ¢6 kha nang danh thie bao an tugng von ngu quén trong ki ‘fe cia con ngudi. Chu Van Son 74. Tho ca bat ré tir long ngudi, né hoa tirngon ngi, doc. a dong lai trong tim nguoi Vién Mai 75. Hay xtc dong hén tho cho ngon bat c6 than. Ngo Thi Nham 76. Cing nhw nu cudi va nude mat, thye chat cia tha la phan anh mot cai gi dd hoan thién tirbén trong. Tagore 77. M6i tac pham phai la mot phat minh vé hinh thie va kham pha vé noi dung, Leonid Leonov 78. Tho ld susung man cia tinh cdm manh Het. Balzac 79. Bai tho anh anh lam mot nia ma théi Cén mét nifa cho miaa thu im ly . aaa a , Ché Lan Vie Ai xo xac hén anh chinh la xao xac Hi an Wien Né6 khéng 1d anh nhung né 1a mia, NHAN DINH VE TAC PHAM VAN HOC 80. Van chuong khong phai la cach dem dén cho ngudi doc sy thoat Ii hay sw quén; trai lai van chuong la mét thir khi gidi thanh cao va dac luc ma ching ta ee C6, dé vita t6 cao va thay d6i mét cai thé gidi gia d6i, tan dc, vita lam cho long ngudi doc thém trong sach va phong phi hon. 81. Van chuong cé loai dang thé va loai khong dang thé. Loai khong dang thé 1a loai chi chuyén cht 6 van chuong, loai dang thé la loai chuyén chu 6 con ngudi Nguyén Van Siéu 82, Mot nha nghé si chan chinh phai ld nha nhan dao trong cOt tay. Chekhov 83, Nhd van phai ld ngudi thurki trung thanh cia thoi dai Balzac 84. Vin hoc, d6 1 tur tung di tim cdi dep trong anh sang, Charles Du Bos 85. Nha van phai biét khoi lén 6 con ngudi niém trac an, ¥ thie phan khang cai 4c; cdi khat vong khoi phuc va bao vé nhimg cai t6t dep. Aitmatov 86. Nghé thuat khong can phai la anh trang Iva doi, nghé thuat khong nén la nh trang lta d6i, nghé thuat chi c6 thé la tiéng dau khé kia thoat ra tirnhimg| Nam Cao kiép lam than. 87. Van hoc giuip con ngudi hiéu duoc ban than minh, nang cao niém tin vao ban than minh va lam nay né 6 con ngudi khat vong hudng tdi chan ly. Maksim Gorky ~ Tai ligu Iuu hanh ngi bé | Trang 4 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ 88. Thién chife cia nha van cing nhu nhiing chic vu cao quy khac la phai nang 6 nhimg ci tot dé trong doi cé nhiéu cng bang, thuong yéu hon. ‘Thach Lam 89. Mot tac phdm nghé thuat la két qua ciia tinh yéu. Tinh yéu con ngudi, ude mo chay bong vi mét xa hdi céng bang, binh dang bai ai luén luén thdi thac cae nha van sOng va viet, vat can kiét nhiing dong suy nghi, hién dang bau mau néng cia minh cho nhan loai. Lev Tolstoy 90. Déi vai con ngudi, sirthuc doi Khi nghiét nga, nhung bao gid cung dang cam cling c6 trong long ngudi doc niém tin 6 tuong lai. Ti mong muén nhiing vac pham ciia t6i sé lam cho con ngudi tot hon, tam hén trong sach hon, thie tinh tinh yéu déi voi con ngudi va khat vong tich cue dau tranh cho li tuéng nhan dao va tién b6 cua loai nguéi. Sholokhov 91. Van hoc khong quan tam dén nhing cu tra Idi do nha van dem lai, ma quan tam dén nhiing cau héi do nha van dat ra, va nhiing cu hdi nay, luén luén rong hon bat ky mét cau tra 10i can ké nao. Claudio Magris, 92, Van hoc lim cho con ngudi thém phong pha, tao Kha ning cho con ngudi én lén, hiéu duge con ngudi nhiéu hon. Kalinine 93. Tc phdm chan chinh Khong két thie 6 trang cudi cing, khong bao gid heét huang néi nhu thi ca cia sy that. Aitmatov ‘94, Mot tac pham nghé thuat la két qua cua tinh yéu. Tinh yéu con ngudi, ude mo chay bong vi mét xa héi cng bing, binh ding bai ai lu6n lu6n théi thiic cdc nha van s6ng va viet, vat can kiét nhiig dong suy nghi, hién dang bau mau nong cia minh cho nhin logi Lev Tolstoy 95. Nghé thuat Ia linh vue cua sy doc dao, vi vay no doi hoi ngudi viet su sang ‘ 4 - ‘ Phi Li tgo phong cach méi la, thu hut ngudi doc. wrong La. 96, Dau dén thay cho nhiing kiép sOng muGn edt cinh bay cao nhuing lai bi com S 2 see a Nam Cao do ghi sat dat. 97. Su cdu tha trong bat cir nghé gi cling I mét su bat lvong roi, Nhung sy cau Nam Cao tha trong van chuong thi that li dé tién. 98, Andersen da higm Tat nhimng hat tho trén ludng da clia ngudi dan cay, ap © ching noi trai tim éng rdi gieo vao nhimg tip liéu, tir dé 16n lén va né ra nhimg Paustovsky déa hoa tho tuyét dep, chiing an ti trai tim nhimg ngudi cling khé, 99. Néu nhu Nguyén Cong Hoan doi la manh ghép cia nhiing nghich canh, voi Thach Lam dai 1d miéng vai cé 16 thing, nhiing vét 6, nhung vin nguyén ven, thi voi Nam Cao, cudc ddi la tim do ci bi xé rach ta toi tir cai lang Va Dai dén méi gia dinh, méi sé phan. 100. Van hoc gidp con ngudi hiéu duge ban than minh, nang cao niém tin vo ban than minh va lam nay né 6 con ngudi khat vong hudng t6i chan Ii. Maksim Gorky 101. Cé nhing dém khong ngu, mat rc chay va thén thuc, long tran ngap ahd nhung. Khi d6 tai viet. Lermontov 4102, Mot tac phm that gid tri, phai vugt [én trén tat cA bd coi va gidi han, pha 14 mét téc pham chung cho cé loai ngudi. No phai chia dung mét cai gi én lao, manh mé, via dau dan lai vita phan khdi, No ca tung long thuong, tinh bac 4i, su cng binh.Né lam cho ngudi gan ngudi hon, Nam Cao ~ Tai ligu Iuu hanh ngi b@ | Trang 5 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ 103. Mot tac pham siéu viét la mot tac pham lam bat hii ndi thong khd cia con ngudi Voltaire 104. Tat cd trong con ngudil Tat cd vi con nguoil Con ngudil Ting ay that Ki digu! Tiéng dy vang lén kiéu hanh va hung trang xiét bao! Maksim Gorky 105. Séng da rdi hay viét, hay hoa minh vao cudc s6ng vi dai cla nhan dan. Nam Cao, 106. Néu nhing noi dau Kh6 vi lau bi kiém ché, nay sOi suc dang lén trong long thi toi viet. Nekrasov 107. Con hay lang nghe néi budn cia yy héo kh, ciia chim mung qué quit, cia hinh tinh lanh ngat. Nhung truéc hét con hay king nghe ndi buén cia con ngué 108. Tac pham nghé thuat sé chét néu né miéu ta cud sOng chi dé miéu ta, néu né khéng phai la tiéng thét khé dau hay Idi ca tung han hoan, néu n6 khéng dat ra nhiing cu héi hodc tra 10i nhiing cau hdi dé. Belinsky 109, Van hoc li nhan hoe. Maksim Gorky 110. Khong c6 gi nghé thuat hon ban than long yeu quy con ngudi. Vincent van Gogh fff. Van chong bat hii c6 kim déu viet bing huyét Lam Ngit Dudng 12, Diéu quan trong hon hét trong su nghiép cia nhiing nha van vi dai ay lai la cugc s6ng, trudng dai hoc chin chinh ciia thién tai, Ho da biét doi sng xa hoi cia thi dai, da cdm thay s4u s4c moi ndi dau dén cia con ngudi trong thdi dai, da rung dng tan day tam hén véi nhiing néi lo du, byc bdi, tai hé va nhiing us mong tha thiét nhat cia loai ngudi, Dé chinh la cai hoi thé, cdi stic song cia nhiing tac phdm vi dai. ang Thai Mai 113. Con ngudi dén véi cudc sOng ti nhiéu néo dung, trén vudn van cung phong phi nhung tiéu diém am con ngudi hudng dén van la con nguoi. Dang Thai Mai 114, Tu tung nhan dao xuyén sudt qua tinh van hoc tirxua dén nay. Khai niém nhan dao co nhimg tién than cia nd, trong loi néi thong thuéng dé la “tinh thuong, long thuong ngudi, Lé Tri Vién 115. Van chuong cd quyén, nhung khéng chi miéu t& cai xu xa, cdi ghé tom, cai hén nhét. Thanh nam cham thu hitt moi thé hé van la cai cao thugng, cai tot dep, cai thity chung. Nguyén Khai 116, Ct Idi cia Tong nhan dao Ta long yéu thuong, Ban chat cha nd 1a chit tam a con ngudi. Hoai Chan 47. Néu nhur cd huing nhan ban nghiéng vé dong cim voi nhimg khat vong rat ngudi cia con ngudi, cdm hing nhan van thién vé nggi ca vé dep cia con ngudi thi cm hting nhan dao 1a cm himg bao trim. Hoai Thanh 118. Nghé thuat Id sy vuon t6i, su niu gitt mai mai, Cai cdt Ii cha nghé thuat 1a tinh nhan dao. Nguyén Ngoc 119. Xét dén cling, ¥ nghia thyc si ctia van hoc la nhan dao héa con ngudi, 120, Mot tac pham that gid tri phai vugt len trén tat ca bd cdi va gidi han, phat 14 mét tae pham chung cho tat ca loai ngudi. No phai chtta dung n6t cai gi lan Jao, manh mé, via dau dén lai vira phan Khoi, né ca tung long thuong, tinh bac i, su cong bang... N6 lam cho ngusdi gin ngudi hon. Nam Cao Wi, NOI nghé thuat tie Ta noi dén su cao ca cia tim hon. Dep tiie 1a mot cai gi cao ca, Ba ndi dep 14 néi cao ca. Cé khi nha vn miéu té mot cdi nhin rat xdu, mét t6i Ac, mot tén giét ngudi nhung cach nhin, cach miéu ta phai cao c3. Nguyén Dinh Thi ~ Tai ligu luu hanh néi bé | Trang 6 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ 122. Niém vui cia nha van chan chinh 1a niém vui cia ngudi dan duéng dén xr sd cai dep, Paustovsky 123. Nha vin phai la ngudi di tim gang di tim nhiing hat ngoc an gidu trong be sau tim hén cia con nguti. Nguyén Minh Chau 124. Cude bé dau ma con ngudi nhin thay trong van tho dan toc Ta mau trong trai tim cla ngudi nghé si. To Hina 425, Nha van t6n tai 6 trén doi trude hét dé lim cong viée ging nhu ké nang gide cho nhiing con nguoi bi cling dudng, tuyét 16, bj cai ac hoae s6 phan den dui dén dén chan tudng. Nhimg con ngudi ed tm hén va thé xac bj hdt hai va doa day dén ché, hoan toan mat hét long tin vio con ngudi va cugc ddi, Nha vn tén tai trén ddi dé bénh vyc cho nhiing con ngudi khOng c6 ai dé bénh vue. Nguyén Minh Chau 126. Néu Truyén Kidu ld mot dong song thi the char Han [a nhing con sudi nho, tat cA déu dé vao dai duong ménh méng la chi nghfa nhan dao ctia nha tho. Nguyén Dang Manh 127. Gid tri cia mét tac pham nghé thuat trudc hét la 6 gia tri tu tudng cia no. Nhung la tu tudng a dugc run lén 6 cdc cung bac va tinh cam va tinh cdm chit khéng phai la tu tuéng nam thang do trén trang gidy. Cé thé néi, tinh cam cia ngudi viét 1a khau du tién va 1d khdu sau cing trong qua trinh xay dung mot tac phdm nhu thé nao. Nguyén Khai 128. Noi tdi gia tri nhan dao la ndi tdi thai d6 cha ngudi nghé si danh cho con ngudi ma hat nbn can ban la long yéu thuong con con ngudi. ‘Tir din van hoc 129. Toi muGn tac phdm ciia t6i gidp moi ngudi tro nén tt, cd tam hén thudn khiét, ti muén ching gop phan goi day tinh yéu con ngudi, déng loai va y muén dau tranh manh ligt cho nhimg li tung cia chii nghia nhan dao va su tién b6 Sholay ciia loai ngudi. 130, Bdi véi t6i, van chuong khong phai la cach dem d€n cho ngudi doc sui thoat ly hay su quén; tri lai van chuong la mot thir Khi gidi thanh cao va déc lve mi | yhach tam chiing ta c6, dé vita t6 cdo va thay d6i mot edi thé gidi gid déi, tan dc, vita im ‘ cho long ngudi doc thém trong sach va phong phi hon, 11, Céc Sng mudn tiéu thuyét cia tiéu thuyet. Toi va ede nha van eting ChE | Ve one Phun huéng nhu ti muén tiéu thuyét la su thuc 6 déi 16 Phung i Nguoi sing tic Th nha vn va ngudi tao nén 86 phan cho tae phim Fa Ae | Nyatsimn Gorky 133, Cudc doi lA diém xudit phat cing la dich toi cudi cing cia vin hoe. Ten NHAN DINH VE HINH THUC NGHE THUAT 134. G dau c6 Tao dng thi 6 d6 cé sing tao ra ngOn ng. Nha van khong chi hoc tp ngOn ngit ciia nhan dn ma cén la ngudi phat trién ra ngdn ngtr sang tao, khdng nén an bam vao ngudi khéc. Gidu ngén ngi thi van sé hay... Ciing cling mét vén ng6n ngit dy nhung sir dung co sang tao thi van sé cé bé thé va kich thude. Co vén ma kh6ng biét sir dung chi nhu nha gidu gitt céia. Dung chi nhu danh c6 tung, chit nao dé ché nao phai ding vi tri cita né. Van phai linh hoat. ‘Van khéng linh hoat goi la van cing do thap khop... Nguyén Tuan 135. Moi chit phai 1d hat ngoc bung xudng trang ban thao, hat ngoc méi nhat cia minh tim duge, do phong cach van chuong ciia minh ma cé... T6 Hoai 136, Néu tac gid khong cé I6i di riéng thi ngudi do Khong bao gid Id nha van c: Néu anh khdng c6 gigng riéng, anh ta khé tré thanh nha van thue thu. Chekhov ~ Tai ligu luu hanh nGi bé | Trang 7 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ 187. Gid tri cha mot tac pham nghé thuat trude hét ld 6 gid tri tu tudng cha né, Nhung 1a tu tuéng da dugc rung Ién 6 cdc bac tinh cam, chit khéng phai 1A cdi tu tudng nim thang do trén trang gidy. C6 thé néi, tinh cdm cita ngudi viet 1a khdu du tién ciing 1a khdu sau cling trong qua trinh x4y dung tac phdm lon. Nguyén Khai 138. Cai quan trong trong tai nang van hoc va toi nghi ring cing co thé trong bat ki tai nang nao, la cdi ma toi mudn goi la tiéng n6i cia riéng minh, Ivan Turgenev 139. Mi tac pham phai la mot phat minh vé hinh thifc va kham pha vé ndi dung. Leonid Leonov 440, Nghé thuat Ia linh vue cla sy doc dao vi vay no doi hoi ngudi viet sy sing tao phong cach méi la, thu hut ngudi doe, Phuong Luu 441, Nghé thuat bao gid cing Id tidng néi cla tinh cm con ngudi, Ia su ty gia ay va giti gdm tam tu, Lé Ngoe Tra 142, Cong vide cia nha van IA phat hién ra cai dep 6 ché khOng ai ngd t6i, tim cai dep kin dao va che lap ciia su vat, dé cho ngudi doc mét bai hoc tréng nhin va thuting thitc. ‘Thach Lam 143, Nghé thuat Ia sumo phong chinh xdc nhat ctia ty nhién. Ruskin 144. Van hoc phan anh hién thuc nhung khéng phai la chup anh sao chép hién thu mét cach hdi hgt néng can, Nha van khéng bé nguyén si cdc sukién, con ngudi vao trong sach mot cach thu dng, gidn don. Tae pham nghé thuat la két qua cia mét qua trinh nuéi dudng cam hing, thai nghén sang tao ra mét thé gidi hap dan, sinh d6ng... Thé hién nhiing van dé c6 ¥ nghia sau sdc, ban chat cia déi séng xa hdi con ngudi... Nhan vat trong tac pham cia mét thién tai thuc su nhiéu khi that hon ca con ngudi ngoai déi, bdi stic sng lau bén, bai y nghia dign hinh cia nd. Qua nhan vat ta thay cd mét tang lép, mot giai cap, mot thai dai, tham chi cé nhan vat vuot lén khdi thdi dai, cé ¥ nghia nhan loai, vinh ctu sOng mai vai thai gian. 145. Chi bong cia dc gia dang cdi xudng sau lung nha van khi nha van ngoi dudi 18 gidy trdng. NO co mat ngay ed Khi nha van khdng thia nhan su c6 mat dé. Chinh doc gia da ghi lén v6 gidy trdng cdi dau hiéu vo hinh khong thé tay xoa duge cia minh, Lalich 146. Phai day ti chop dinh cao cia mau thuan thi sy's6ng nhiéu hinh mdi vé ra. Hegel 147. Tinh hudng la mot lat ct ca sy s6ng, IA mot sy kién dién ra c6 phan bat ng@ nhung c4i quan trong la sé chi phdi nhiéu dieu trong cudc sOng con ngudi. Nguyén Minh Chau 148, Toi khuyén cdc ban nén doc truyén c6 tich...tho ngu ngon, cac tuyén tap ca dao... Hay di sau vio vé dep quyén ri cia ng6n ngit binh dan, hay di sau vo nhimg cau hai héa cn déi trong céc bai ca, trong truyén cé tich... Ban sé thay 6 d6 su phong phi la thudng ciia cdc hinh tugng, su gian di cita site manh lam say dm long ngudi, vé dep tuyét vdi cia nhing dinh nghia... Hay di sau vio ing tic cia nhan dan, né trong lanh nhu nudc nguén ngot ngio, tuoi mat, réc rach tirkhe niti chy ra. Maksim Gorky 149. Khong c6 tiéng ndi riéng khong mang lai nhiing diéu moi mé cho van chuong ma chi biét dm theo dudng mon thi tac phdm nghé thuat sé chét. Leonid Leonov NHAN DINH VE GIA TRI CUA MOT TAC PHAM 150. Moi con ngudi déu mang trong minh nhiém vu chia ngudi nghé Maksim Gorky 181, Nhung két ludn khoa hoc nhurnhiing thoi vang chi luw hnh trong mot pham vi nhé hep. Con tri thie tit nhding tac pham van chuong nhut nhiing déng tién nhé dé dang luu théng len 16i dén voi ngudi ta. ~ Tai ligu luu hanh néi bé | Trang 8 -© Tai ligu khéa hoc nhém “2K3 - ON THI HOC SINH GIO” (c6 Trén Thiy Duong) ¥ 152, Nhurmot hat gidng vo hinh, tu tuGng gico vio tam hon nghé si va ti manh di mau mé dy né trién khai thanh mt hinh thitc x4c dinh, thanh céc hinh tung Belinsky nghé thuat day vé dep va sic sOng. 153. Van hoe, nghé thudtl cong ev dé hiGu Dit, 4& Kham phi, d€ sing tao hve | pam van Dong tai xa hdi. 154. TOi khong thé nao tuOng tuong ndi mot nha van ma lai khOng mang nang trong minh tinh yéu cuéc s6ng va nhat la tinh yéu thuong con ngudi. Tinh yeu nay ca ngudi nghé si via la mot niém han hoan say mé, vita la mot ndi dau dén, khdc khoai, m6t méi quan hoai thuéng truc vé s6 phn, hanh phic ctia nhiing ngudi chung quanh minh, Cam gitt cdi tinh yéu 4y trong minh, nha van méi c6 kha nang cm théng sau sic voi nhiing ndi dau khé, bat hanh cia ngudi dai, giap ho c6 thé vugt qua nhiing khiing hoang tinh than va dimg vig duge trude cudc song. Nguyén Minh Chau ~ Tai ligu luu hanh néi bé | Trang 9 -