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 Ancient Egyptian Civilisation
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

● Historical background of Ancient Egyptian civilisation through time

periods.
● Features of ancient Egyptian society, including the government,
social structure, system of writing, religion, and medicine.
● Famous pharaohs and their contributions.
● Significant Egyptian invention and technology.
Let’s know more about
FACT FILE Ancient Egyptian Civilisation!

Ancient Egyptian civilisation

endured for almost 30 centuries,
between the 4th BCE until the
conquest of Alexander the Great
in 332 BCE. Historians agree
that it was the greatest ancient
civilisation ever existed in North
Africa. It was famous for its
cultural landscape, system of
writing, magnificent architecture
and art, religious and
mythological beliefs, and
knowledge on science and
mathematics.

Map of Egypt about 1450 BCE

Egyptology is the name given by historians to the study of ancient

Egypt
 Ancient Egypt Time Periods

OLD KINGDOM MIDDLE KINGDOM NEW KINGDOM

(about 2700-2200 BCE) (about 2050-1800 BCE) (about 1550-1100 BCE)

Generally, Egyptian history is divided into three historical segments; the old
kingdom, the middle, and the new. Each major period was also separated
with shorter intermediate periods.

Geography
● About 6000 BCE, settlements began to grow in Egyptian regions,
especially near the River of Nile. Most settlement near the Nile
Valley was few miles away of the river, which presented a water
resource and agricultural population.
● The Nile River flooded every year. In effect, Egyptians divided the
year into three seasons; the flooding, the growth, and the harvest.
● Historians claim that the unity of upper and Lower Egypt was on the
hand of a political figure named Narmer or Menes.
● In the Archaic Period, Egyptians used to be
farmers, living in small villages and fragmented in
all of Upper and Lower Egypt. The economic base
of ancient Egyptians depended on agriculture,
mainly wheat and barley.
● Early Egyptians believed that Egypt was divided
into two types of land, the black and fertile land
called kemet and Deshret or the red and desert
land.
● The Nile River was the only significant element in
the geography of Egypt, which made agriculture
Map showing Egypt in the
and the entire civilisation possible. north-eastern corner of
Africa

Egypt is surrounded with the Sahara Desert to the west, the Red Sea
to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the North and the Cataracts to
the south.
 THINK ABOUT THIS! ACTIVITIES FOR AGES 11-14

BUILDING VOCABULARY. Define the following terms based on

1 your understanding of the historical context. (X marks)

TERMS DEFINITION
1. Hieroglyphics

2. Pharaoh

3. Mummification

4. Book of the Dead

5. Papyrus
THINK ABOUT THIS! ACTIVITIES FOR AGES 14-16

PRIMARY SOURCE. Given your understanding of the primary

1 source and its historical context, provide significant facts about
it. (X marks)

SOURCE A
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