MODULE I

PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATION

WHAT IS CRIMINAL PROCEDURE?

Etymology: Krimea [Greek]: meaning, “to charge a wrongdoing”
The method prescribed by law for the apprehension and prosecution of persons accused of
any criminal offense and for their punishment, in case of conviction. It is concerned with the
procedural steps through which the criminal case passes, commencing with the initial
investigation of a crime and concluding with the unconditional release of the offender. It is a
generic term used to describe the network of laws and rules which govern the procedural
administration of criminal justice.
Criminal procedure is concerned with the procedural steps through which the criminal case
passes, commencing with the initial investigation of a crime and concluding with the
unconditional release of the offender. It is a generic term used to describe the network of laws
and rules which govern the procedural administration of criminal justice.

DISTINCTION BETWEEN CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Criminal law is substantive; it defines crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for their
punishment. Criminal procedure, on the other hand, is remedial or procedural; it provides for the
method by which a person accused of a crime is arrested, tried and punished. Criminal law declares
what acts are punishable, while criminal procedure provides how the act is to be punished.

SOURCES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

The following are the sources of Criminal Procedure:
1. Spanish Law of Criminal Procedure
2. General Order No. 58, dated April 23 1900
3. Amendatory acts passed by the Philippine Commission
4. The various quasi acts, the Philippine Bill of 1902, the Jones Law of 1916, the Tydings-
McDuffie Law, and the Constitution of the Philippines
5. The Rule of Court of 1940, and the 1964, 1985, and 1988 Rules on Criminal Procedure
6. Various Republic Acts (RA 240, Judiciary Act, RA 8249 creating the Sandiganbayan,
Speedy Trial Act)
7. Presidential Decrees
8. 1987 Constitution, particularly Art. III Bill of Rights
9. Civil Code (Art. 32, 33, 34)
10. Certain judicial decisions
11. Judiciary Reorganization Act (BP 880-August 14, 1981)
12. RA 8393 The Speedy Trial Act
13. Circulars
14. The Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure (Dec 1, 2000)

THREE (3) SYSTEMS OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

1. Inquisitorial – the detection and prosecution of offenders are not left to the initiative of
private parties but to the officials and agents of the law. Resort is made to secret inquiry to
 discover the culprit, and violence and torture are often employed to extract confessions. The
judge is not limited to the evidence brought before him but could proceed with his own
inquiry which was not confrontative.
2. Accusatorial – The accusation is exercised by every citizen or by a member of the group to
which the injured party belongs. As the action is a combat between the parties, the supposed
offender has the right to be confronted by his accuser. The battle in the form of a public trial
is judged by a magistrate who renders a verdict. The essence of the accusatorial system is the
right to be presumed innocent. To defeat this presumption, the prosecution must establish
proof of guilt beyond reasonable doubt (moral certainty).
3. Mixed – This is a combination of the inquisitorial and accusatorial systems. The
examination of defendants and other persons before the filing of the complaint or information
is inquisitorial.

The judicial set-up in the Philippines is accusatorial or adversary in nature. It

contemplates two contending parties before the court, which hears them impartially and renders
judgment only after trial.

INTERPRETATION OF RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

The rules of criminal procedure shall be liberally construed in favor of the accused and
strictly against the state to even the odds in favor of the accused against whom the entire machinery
of the state is mobilized.

WHAT IS JURISDICTION?
Derived from Latin words “juris” & “dico” which means “I speak by the law”
Jurisdiction (in general) is the power or authority given by the law to a court or tribunal to
hear and determine certain controversies. It is the power of courts to hear and determine a
controversy involving rights which are demandable and enforceable.
It is determined by the allegations in the complaint or information. The averments in the
complaint or information characterize the crime to be prosecuted and the court before which it
must be tried.
 Jurisdiction is determined NOT at the time of the commission of the offense, but
AT THE TIME OF THE FILING OF THE COMPLAINT. The exception to this
rule is where jurisdiction is dependent on the nature of the position of the accused
at the time of the commission of the offense. In this case, jurisdiction is determined
by the law in force at the time of the commission of the offense.
 Jurisdiction is conferred by law. It can never be subject of agreement between the
parties.

DISTINCTION BETWEEN JURISDICTION AND VENUE

Venue is defined as the particular country or geographical area in which a court with jurisdiction
may hear and determine a case. It means the place of trial. On the other hand

Jurisdiction is the power of the court to decide the case on the merits. Venue is thus procedural,
while jurisdiction is substantive. In civil cases, venue may be waived or stipulated by the parties.
On the other hand, jurisdiction is granted by law or the Constitution and cannot be waived or
stipulated.
WHAT IS CRIMINAL JURISDICTION?
Criminal jurisdiction is the authority to hear and try a particular offense and impose the
punishment for it.
A court acquires jurisdiction to try a criminal case only when the following requisites occur:
a. The nature of the offense and/or the penalty attached thereto
b. The offense is one which the court is by law authorized to take cognizance of;
c. The offense must have been committed within its territorial jurisdiction; and
d. The person charged with the offense must have been brought into its forum for trial,
forcibly by virtue of a warrant of arrest or upon the voluntary submission of the accused to
the jurisdiction of the court.

REQUISITES FOR A VALID EXERCISE OF CRIMINAL JURISDICTION

1. Jurisdiction over the person - Jurisdiction over the person of the accused is acquired upon
his arrest or upon his voluntary appearance or submission to the court. Unlike jurisdiction
over the offense which is conferred by law or the Constitution, jurisdiction over the person
of the accused maybe waived. For example, any objection to the procedure leading to the
arrest must be opportunely raised before the accused enters his plea, or it is deemed waived.
2. Jurisdiction over the territory (Territorial Jurisdiction) - The geographical limits of the
territory over which the court presides and where the offense was committed. The
requirement of territorial jurisdiction means that a criminal action should be filed in the
place where the crime was committed, except in those cases provided by Article 2 of the
Revised Penal Code.
3. Jurisdiction over the subject matter – It is the power to hear and determine cases of the
general class to which the proceedings in question belong and is conferred by the sovereign
authority which organizes the court and defines its powers.
 Cases of the general class where the proceedings in question belong as determined
by the nature of the offense and the penalty imposed by law.
 It is determined by the nature of the offense and the penalty imposed by law.

NOTA BENE:
 Where the court has no jurisdiction, lower courts should simply dismiss the
case. On the other hand, the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals may refer
the case to the court of proper jurisdiction.
 Invoking lack of jurisdiction of the court: One who desires to object to the
jurisdiction of the court over his person must appear in court for that purpose
only, and if he raises other questions, he waives the objection.
 It is not necessary for the court to first acquire jurisdiction over the person of
the accused to dismiss a case or grant other relief. The outright dismissal of the
case even before the court acquires jurisdiction over the person of the accused
is allowed, except in applications for bail, in which case, the presence of the
accused is mandatory.

Territorial Jurisdiction
 Criminal action shall be instituted and tried in the court where the offense was committed,
or where any of its essential ingredients took place.
  Where an offense is committed in a train, aircraft, or other vehicle in the course of its trip,
the criminal action may be instituted in any place where such vehicle passed, including the
place of its departure and arrival.
 Where an offense is committed on board a vessel in the course of its voyage, the criminal
action shall be instituted in the court of the port of first entry, or of any place where such
vessel passed by
 Crimes committed outside of the Philippines under Article 2 of RPC shall be cognizable
by the court where the criminal action is first filed

Which court has jurisdiction over a complex crime?

Jurisdiction over the whole complex crime is lodged with the trial court having jurisdiction
to impose the maximum and more serious penalty on an offense forming part of the complex crime.

WHAT IS ADHERENCE OF JURISDICTION?

The principle of Adherence of Jurisdiction means that once jurisdiction is vested in the
court, it is retained up to the end of the litigation. It remains with the court until the case is finally
terminated. The exception to this is where a subsequent statute changing the jurisdiction of a court
is given retroactive effect, it can divest a court of jurisdiction over cases already pending before it
before the effectivity of the statute.

JURISDICTION OF REGULAR COURTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

What is the meaning of the term “regular courts”?

Regular courts refer to civil courts as opposed to military courts or courts martial. Military
courts have no jurisdiction over civilians.

Jurisdiction of Municipal Trial Courts in criminal cases

Section 32 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, as amended by R.A. No. 7691, provides that
“Except in cases falling within the exclusive original jurisdiction of Regional Trial Courts and of
the Sandiganbayan, the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts
in Cities, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, shall exercise:
1. Exclusive original jurisdiction over all violations of city or municipal ordinances
committed within their respective territorial jurisdiction; and
2. Exclusive original jurisdiction over all offenses punishable with imprisonment not
exceeding six (6) years irrespective of the amount of fine, and regardless of other imposable
accessory or other penalties, including the civil liability arising from such offenses or
predicated thereon, irrespective of kind, nature, value or amount thereof: Provided,
however, that in offenses involving damage to property through criminal negligence, they
shall have exclusive jurisdiction thereof.
3. Offenses involving damage to property through criminal negligence regardless of the value
of the damages.
4. Offenses in violation of the Bouncing Check Law B.P. 22 regardless of the amount
involved.
5. All offenses committed by the public officers and employees in relation to their office,
including those employed in government owned or controlled corporations and by private
 individuals charged as co-principals, accomplices or accessories punishable not more than
six (6) years imprisonment, where none of the accused occupy positions classified as salary
grade “27” or higher, and the penalty does not exceed six (6) years.
6. All offenses subject to the Rule on Summary Procedure.
7. Where the only penalty provided by law is a fine: exclusive original jurisdiction over
offenses punishable with a fine not exceeding P4,000
8. Election offenses: Failure to register or failure to vote
9. Special Jurisdiction to hear and decide petitions for a writ of habeas corpus or application
for bail in the province or city where the RTC judge is absent

Criminal Cases that fall under Summary Procedure.

a) Violations of traffic laws, rules and regulations.
b) Violations of the rental law.
c) Violations of the municipal and city ordinances.
d) All other criminal offenses where the penalty prescribed by the law is imprisonment
not exceeding 6 months, or a fine not exceeding PhP 1,000, or both, regardless of other
imposable penalties, or of the civil liability arising therefrom provided that in cases
involving damage to property through criminal negligence and the imposable fine does
not exceed PhP 10,000.

It should be stressed that with the installation of the “barangay courts” the offenses
falling under the Rule on Summary Procedure must be referred to the Barangay concerned
before they can be filed with the Municipal Trial Courts otherwise he cases will be
dismissed without this requisite satisfied, except in the following cases where the parties
may go directly to the Court –
a) Where the accused is a detention prisoner;
b) Where the offender is a public officer and committed a crime in relation
to his office;
c) Cases involving habeas corpus;
d) Cases where the offense is about to prescribe.

The Revised Rules on Summary Procedure (Effective on November 15, 1991)

Summary procedure is a legal procedure used for enforcing a right that takes effect faster
and more efficiently than ordinary methods. Its object is to summarize the procedure of suits in
case the defendant is not having any defence.

CIVIL CASES

(a) All cases of forcible entry and unlawful detainer, irrespective of the amount of damages or
unpaid rentals sought to be recovered. Where attorney‘s fees are awarded, the same shall not
exceed P20,000;
(b) All other cases, except probate proceedings where the total amount of the plaintiff‘s claim does
not exceed P100,000 (outside MM) or P200,000 (in MM), exclusive of interest and costs.

The Rules on Summary Procedure does not apply to a civil case where the plaintiff‘s cause of
action is pleaded in the same complaint with another cause of action subject to the ordinary
procedure; nor to a criminal case where the offense charged is necessarily related to another
criminal case subject to the ordinary procedure.

Jurisdiction of Regional Trial Courts in criminal cases

The Regional Trial Court which have taken the place of the Courts of First Instance, Circuit
Criminal Courts, the Juvenile and Domestic Relations and the Court of Agrarian Reforms.
The Regional Trial Court has exclusive original jurisdictions over criminal cases provided under
Section 20 of the Batas Pambansa Blg. 129:
a) All criminal cases not within the exclusive jurisdiction of any court, tribunal or body,
except those now falling under the exclusive and concurrent jurisdiction of the
Sandiganbayan which shall hereafter be exclusively taken cognizance of by the latter. In
other words, all crimes and offenses other than those falling within the jurisdiction of the
city or municipal trial court (those which carry penalties not exceeding six (6) years) and
the Sandiganbayan come within the jurisdiction of Regional Trial Courts. Thus, all offenses
which has a penalty of exceeding six (6) years (six (6) years and one (1) day and above)
regardless of the amount of fine imposed shall be under the jurisdiction of the regional trial
court.
b) Includes those offenses specifically conferred upon the Regional Trial Court by special
laws, even though the penalty imposed is less than six (6) years.
c) Other laws which specifically lodge jurisdiction in the RTC:
a. Law on written defamation or libel
b. Decree on Intellectual Property
c. Dangerous Drugs Cases except where the offenders are under 16 and there are
Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts in the province
d) In areas where there are no family courts, the cases falling under the jurisdiction of family
courts shall be adjudicated by the RTC

Appellate Jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Court under Sec. 22 of B.P. Blg. 129.
a) All cases decided by Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal
Circuit Trial Courts in their respective territorial jurisdictions. Such cases shall be decided
on the basis of the entire record of the proceedings had in the court of origin such
memoranda and/or briefs as may be submitted by the parties required by the Regional Trial
Courts in such cases shall be appealable by petition for review to the Court of Appeals
which may give it due course only when the petition shows prima facie that the lower court
has committed an error of fact or law that will warrant a reversal or modification of the
decision or judgment sought to be reviewed.
b) b) The Regional Trial Court also has jurisdiction to annul judgment or final order of a
municipal trial court.

Original Jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Courts.

Section 21 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 gives the Regional Trial Courts original
Jurisdiction over the following cases:
a. In the issuance or writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas
corpus and injunction which may be enforced in any part of their respective regions;
and
b. In actions affecting ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls.
Jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan
To try and decide criminal case involving violations of:
1. Republic Act No. 3019, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-graft and Corrupt
Practices Act;
2. RA 1379 - an act declaring forfeiture in favor of the state any property found to have been
unlawfully acquired by any public officer or employee and providing for the proceedings
therefor, and;
3. Chapter II, Section 2, Title VII, Book II of the RPC, where one or more of the accused are
officials occupying the following positions in the government whether in a permanent,
acting or interim capacity, at the time of the commission of the offense:
a. Officials of the executive branch occupying the positions of regional director and higher,
otherwise classified as Grade ‘27’ and higher, of the Compensation and Position
Classification Act of 1989 (RA 6758), specifically including:
1. Provincial governors, vice-governors, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan and
provincial treasurers, assessors, engineers and other provincial department heads;
2. City mayors, vice-mayors, members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod, city treasurers,
assessors, engineers and other city department heads;
3. Officials of the diplomatic service occupying the position of consul and higher;
4. Philippine army and air force colonels, naval captains, and all officers of higher rank;
5. Officers of the Philippine National Police while occupying the position of provincial
director and those holding the rank of senior superintendent or higher;
6. City and provincial prosecutors and their assistants, and officials and prosecutors in the
Office of the Ombudsman and special prosecutor;
7. Presidents, directors or trustees, or managers of government-owned or controlled
corporations, state universities or educational institutions or foundations.
b. Members of Congress and officials thereof classified as Grade 27 and up under RA 6758.
c. Members of the Judiciary without prejudice to the provisions of the Constitution;
d. Chairmen and members of the Constitutional Commission, without prejudice to the
provisions of the Constitution;
e. All other national and local officials classified as Grade 27 and higher under the RA 6758.
“In cases where none of the accused are occupying positions corresponding to salary grade
27 or higher, as prescribed in the RA 6758, or military or PNP officers mentioned above, exclusive
original jurisdiction thereof shall be vested in the proper RTC, Metropolitan TC, MTC, MCTC.
“The Sandiganbayan shall exercise exclusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments,
resolutions or orders or regional trial courts whether in the exercise of their own original
jurisdiction or of their appellate jurisdiction as herein provided.
“In case private individuals are charged as co-principals, accomplices or accessories with
the public officers or employees, including those employed in government-owned or controlled
corporations, they shall be tried jointly with said public officers and employees in the proper courts
which shall exercise exclusive jurisdiction over them.

Jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals.

The court of Appeals has exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all final judgments,
decisions, resolutions, orders or awards of the Regional Trial Courts, including criminal cases as
well.
 The increased appellate jurisdiction also of the Court of Appeals corresponds to the cases
in which the decisions and final orders heretofore appeallable directly to the Supreme Court are
now vested exclusively in said court. Stated otherwise, the span of authority of the Supreme Court
of exclusive appellate jurisdiction is now vested in and added to the Court of Appeals.
In view of this, the appellate court has now the power to try cases and conduct hearings,
receive evidence and perform any and all acts necessary to resolve factual issues raised in cases
falling with its original and appellate jurisdiction, including the power to grant and conduct new
trials or further proceedings.
The Court of Appeals has also its original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus,
prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus, and all other auxiliary writs and processes in aid of its
appellate jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Section five (5), Article VIII of the Philippine Constitution provides the Supreme Court
the following powers:
1. Exercise original jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas
corpus.
2. Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari as the law or the Rules of
Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower courts in:
1. All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty, international or
executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction,
ordinance, or regulation is in question.
2. All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any
penalty imposed in relation thereto.
3. All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue.
4. All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher.
5. All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved.
3. Assign temporarily judges of lower courts to other stations as public interest may require.
Such temporary assignment shall not exceed six months without the consent of the judge
concerned.
4. Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid a miscarriage of justice.
5. Promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights,
pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts, the admission to the practice of law, the
Integrated Bar, and legal assistance to the underprivileged. Such rules shall provide a
simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, shall be uniform
for all courts of the same grade, and shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive
rights. Rules of procedure of special courts and quasi-judicial bodies shall remain effective
unless disapproved by the Supreme Court.
6. Appoint all officials and employees of the Judiciary in accordance with the Civil Service
Law.
Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court over petitions for certiorari, etc.
The Supreme Court exercises original jurisdiction over petitions for the issuance of writs of
certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
It has original and exclusive jurisdiction over petitions for the issuance of writ of certiorari,
prohibition, and mandamus against the Court of Appeals.
 (1) Certiorari. – (as a special civil action, not as a means of elevating an appeal, infra.) It is a
writ issued from a superior court (Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, or Regional Trial
Court) requiring a lower court or a board, or officer exercising judicial functions to transmit
the records of a case to the superior court for purposes of review. It will lie when such
tribunal, etc., has acted without or in excess of its or his jurisdiction, or with grave abuse
of discretion, and appeal or any other remedy is not available to the aggrieved party.
(2) Prohibition. – It is a writ by which a superior court commands a lower court or corporation,
board or person acting without or in excess of its or his jurisdiction, or with grave abuse of
discretion, to desist from further proceedings in an action or matter. It will lie only when
no appeal or any other remedy is available to the aggrieved party. Prohibition is a negative
remedy prohibiting the doing of a certain act.
(3) Mandamus. – It is an order issued by a superior court commanding a lower court or a
corporation, board, or person to perform a certain act which it is its or his duty to do. Again,
this writ will lie only when no other remedy in the ordinary course of law is available.
Mandamus is an affirmative remedy ordering a certain act to be done.
(4) Quo warranto. – It is an action by the government to recover an office or franchise from
an individual or corporation usurping or unlawfully holding it.
In addition, the Supreme Court exercises original and exclusive jurisdiction over
all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President and Vice-
President. (Art. VII, Sec. 4, last par. Phil. Cons.).

Exclusive Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

The exclusive appellate jurisdiction (supra.) of the Supreme Court refers to cases
of great public interests or of serious moment to individual rights. They are enumerated in
Section 5(2). The only power which congress may exercise with respect to this jurisdiction
as thus provided is to determine whether the elevation of cases from the lower courts should
be done through appeal or certiorari – a mater or procedure which may also be determined
by the rules of the court itself.
(1) By appeal, the appellate court reviews all the findings of law and of the fact of
a lower court as in special proceedings (e.g., adoption and custody of minors).
(2) By certiorari (as a means of elevating an appeal), the appellate or superior court can
review only questions or errors of law decided or committed by a lower court (e.g.,
constitutionality of a law). A question of fact (e.g., whether or not a particular event has
taken place) cannot be reviewed by the Supreme Court on certiorari on the theory that the
lower court which “heard the case, observed the demeanor of the witnesses or otherwise
acquired acquaintance with the issues and incidents thereof,” is in a better position to pass
upon the question.

Jurisdiction of the Family Courts

The Family Courts are created under Republic Act No. 8369 otherwise known as "Family
Courts Act of 1997".
Sec. 5. Jurisdiction of Family Courts. - The Family Courts shall have exclusive original
jurisdiction to hear and decide the following cases:
a. Criminal cases where one or more of the accused is below eighteen (18) years of age
but not less than nine (9) years of age but not less than nine (9) years of age or where one
or more of the victims is a minor at the time of the commission of the offense: Provided,
 That if the minor is found guilty, the court shall promulgate sentence and ascertain any
civil liability which the accused may have incurred.
The sentence, however, shall be suspended without need of application pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 603, otherwise known as the "Child and Youth Welfare Code";
b. Petitions for guardianship, custody of children, habeas corpus in relation to the latter;

c. Petitions for adoption of children and the revocation thereof;

d. Complaints for annulment of marriage, declaration of nullity of marriage and those
relating to marital status and property relations of husband and wife or those living
together under different status and agreements, and petitions for dissolution of conjugal
partnership of gains;
e. Petitions for support and/or acknowledgment;
f. Summary judicial proceedings brought under the provisions of Executive Order No.
209, otherwise known as the "Family Code of the Philippines";
g. Petitions for declaration of status of children as abandoned, dependent o neglected
children, petitions for voluntary or involuntary commitment of children; the
suspension, termination, or restoration of parental authority and other cases cognizable
under Presidential Decree No. 603, Executive Order No. 56, (Series of 1986), and other
related laws;
h. h) Petitions for the constitution of the family home;
i. Cases against minors cognizable under the Dangerous Drugs Act, as amended;
j. Violations of Republic Act No. 7610, otherwise known as the "Special Protection of
Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act," as amended by
Republic Act No. 7658; and
k. Cases of domestic violence against:
1) Women - which are acts of gender based violence that results, or are likely to result
in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women; and other forms
of physical abuse such as battering or threats and coercion which violate a woman's
personhood, integrity and freedom movement; and

2) Children - which include the commission of all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty,
exploitation, violence, and discrimination and all other conditions prejudicial to
their development.
If an act constitutes a criminal offense, the accused or batterer shall be subject to
criminal proceedings and the corresponding penalties.

If any question involving any of the above matters should arise as an incident in
any case pending in the regular courts, said incident shall be determined in that
court.
 LEARNING ACTIVITY NO. 1.1

Name: _______________________________________ Date:_____________

Year Level: ___________________________________ Score:____________

1. What is criminal procedure?

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2. What is criminal procedure concerned with?

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3. What are the sources of criminal procedure?

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4. What are the three systems of criminal procedure? Explain each.

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5. What is the essence of the accusatorial system?

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6. Distinguish criminal law and criminal procedure.

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7. How are the rules of criminal procedure construed?

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8. What is jurisdiction?
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9. Distinguish jurisdiction from venue.

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10. What is criminal jurisdiction?

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11. What are the elements of jurisdiction in criminal cases?

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12. What are the requisites for a valid exercise of criminal jurisdiction? Explain each.
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13. Which law determines the jurisdiction of the court – the law in force at the time of the
commission of the offense or the one in force as of the time when the action is filed?
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14. What is adherence of jurisdiction?

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15. How is jurisdiction over the person of the accused acquired?

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY NO. 1.2

Name: _______________________________________ Date:_____________

Year Level: ___________________________________ Score:____________

Enumerate the jurisdiction of the court:

1. Municipal Trial Court
2. Regional Trial Court
3. Court of Appeals
4. Supreme Court
5. Sandiganbayan
6. Family Court

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY NO. 1.3

Name: _______________________________________ Date:_____________

Year Level: ___________________________________ Score:____________

1. A was charged with an offense whose penalty was below 6 years. The case was filed with the
MTC. After trial, the MTC convicted him of an offense with a higher penalty. A questioned
the conviction, claiming that the MTC had no jurisdiction over the offense since the penalty
prescribed for it was higher than 6 years. Is A correct?
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2. X was charged in court with an offense. X filed a motion to quash on the ground that the court
had no jurisdiction over his person because the arrest was illegal and because the information
was incomplete. Can X invoke lack of jurisdiction of the court over his person?
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3. X committed the crime or rape in Cavite, Philippines. Assume that X is a powerful governor
of Cavite, thus there is a possibility that X might influence the outcome of the case by
intimidating or bribing the police, prosecutor, defense counsel and witnesses. Which of the
following is the best thing to do?
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 PROGRESS CHECK NO. 1
Name: _______________________________________ Date:_____________
Year Level: ___________________________________ Score:____________

1. Which department of the government has the power to order a change of venue of trial so as
to avoid a miscarriage of justice?
a. Supreme Court c. Congress
b. Department Of Justice d. Executive Branch
2. It is an act that EXPANDED the jurisdiction of Regional Trial Courts, Municipal Trial
Courts and other lower courts in the Philippines.
a. RA 7691 c. RA 8551
b. RA 7438 d. RA 8485
3. Refers to the authority of the court to hear and decide cases.
a. Venue c. Criminal Procedure
b. Jurisdiction d. Jurisprudence
4. Court which exercises jurisdiction over cases involving RA 3019.
a. Supreme Court c. Court of Appeals
b. Regional Trial Courts d. Sandiganbayan
5. Which of the following is NOT a requisite (of criminal jurisdiction) before a court can
exercise its power to hear and try a certain case?
a. jurisdiction over the subject matter
b. jurisdiction over the person of the accused
c. jurisdiction over the territory where the offense was committed
d. none of them (as all of them are requisites)
6. Summary procedures may be applied in the following cases. Except;
a. Violation of rental laws
b. Violation of traffic laws, rules and regulations
c. Violation of city or municipal ordinances
d. Criminal cases where the penalty prescribed for by law is imprisonment exceeding six
years
7. The Judiciary Reorganization Act is also known as BP 180. When was it approved?
a. January 1, 1932 c. August 14, 1981
b. December 8, 1930
8. X committed the crime or rape in Cavite, Philippines. Where do you file the information?
a. appropriate RTC of Cavite
b. file it in the barangay first to avoid prematurity
c. appropriate MTC of Cavite
d. city fiscals office of Cavite
9. Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Trial Courts are the courts
that administer Summary Procedure cases. Which among the following does NOT fall under
the rules on summary procedure?
a. violations of traffic laws, rules and regulations
b. violations of rental laws
c. violations of city or municipal ordinances
d. criminal cases where the penalty prescribed is imprisonment not exceeding six (6)
months or a fine not exceeding one thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or both
 e. violations of BP 22 cases
f. offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua
10. Jurisdiction of the court over the offense is determined
a. At the time of the institution of the action
b. At the time of the arrest of the accused
c. At the time of voluntary surrender of the accused
d. At the time of the commission of the offense
11. ____and____ courts gain jurisdiction over the offense upon the filing of complaint by a
complainant or an information by the prosecuting officer.
a. MTC and CA c. MTC and SB
b. MTC and SC d. MTC and RTC
12. Which of the following offenses is subject to summary procedure.
a. Violation of traffic laws
b. Violation of municipal or city ordinance
c. Violation of rental laws
d. All of the above
13. In criminal cases covered by the rules on summary procedure shall be deemed commenced
only when it is filed in
a. The Prosecutor's office c. The Court
b. Lupon of the Barangay d. None of the above
14. Conviction may be had even if it appears that the crime was committed not at the place
alleged, provided that the place of actual commission was within the court’s jurisdiction and
accused was not surprised by the variance between the proof and the information.
a. True c. Partially true
b. False d. Partially false
15. Refers to a territorial unit where the power of the court is to be exercised.
a. Venue c. Jurisdiction
b. Jurisprudence d. Trial courts
16. This system of criminal justice is conducted either at the initiative of the public prosecutor or
the offended party and the right to appeal is limited to the defense.
a. Fixed c. Mixed
b. Inquisitorial d. Accusatorial
17. Jurisdiction of the court is said to be__________ when the law organizing a court does not
expressly enumerate the cause of which it may take cognizance.
a. Limited c. General
b. Appellate d. Original
18. A system characterized by the right to confrontation, to a public trial and be heard by
competent counsel.
a. Fixed c. Mixed
b. Inquisitorial d. Accusatorial
19. In the Philippines, the system of criminal procedure is:
a. Fixed c. Mixed
b. Inquisitorial d. Accusatorial
20. It is usually referred to as the court of first instance.
a. Metropolitan trial court c. Regional trial court
b. Court of appeals d. Supreme court
21. What determines the jurisdiction in criminal cases?
a. Subject matter c. Territory
b. Person accused d. Extent of the penalty
22. Which of the foregoing fall under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Trial
Court, Municipal Trial Court and Municipal Circuit Trial Court?
a. Violations of city and municipal ordinances
b. Probationable cases
c. Offenses punishable by prision mayor
d. Offenses which are afflictive in nature
23. The following are requisites before a court can validly exercise jurisdiction, except:
a. It must have jurisdiction over the investigation
b. It must have jurisdiction over the person of the accused
c. It must have jurisdiction over the subject matter
d. It must have jurisdiction over the territory where the offense was committed.
24. The Metropolitan Trial Courts shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over all offenses
punishable with imprisonment-
a. Not exceeding 6 years
b. Not exceeding 4 years
c. Not exceeding 4 years 2 months and 1 day
d. Not exceeding 6 months
25. The jurisdiction of the courts in criminal cases is determined by the extent of the penalty
which the law imposes for the offense charged with the offense.
a. Partly true c. Absolutely true
b. Partly false d. Absolutely false
26. Judiciary Reorganization Act:
a. PD 968 c. PD 1612
b. BP 129 d. BP 22
27. Criminal procedure is a:
a. Substantive law
b. Constitutional law
c. Administrative law
d. Procedural or remedial law
28. The Criminal Procedure is covered by_______:
a. Rule 1-99, Rules of Court
b. Rule 110-127, Rules of Court
c. Rule 128-134,Rules of Court
29. Jurisdiction of the court over the person of the accused is acquired by the following
EXCEPT:
a. upon his voluntary appearance in court
b. upon the arrest of the accused
c. upon his release from detention
d. none of the above
30. Jurisdiction is determined by the law at:
a. The time of the commission of the offense
b. At the time when the action was filed
c. All of the above
 d. none of these
e. either b or a
31. Defined as a method fixed by law for the apprehension and prosecution of persons alleged to
have committed a crime, and for their punishment in case of conviction.
a. Criminal justice system
b. Criminal procedure
c. Rules of court
d. Rules of procedure
32. Jurisdiction of the court over the offense is determined
a. At the time of the institution of the action
b. At the time of the arrest of the accused
c. At the time of voluntary surrender of the accused
d. At the time of the commission of the offense
33. The authority of the court to take cognizance of the case in the first instance.
a. Appellate Jurisdiction
b. General Jurisdiction
c. Original Jurisdiction
d. Exclusive Jurisdiction
34. Procedural law unlike criminal law is mainly originated from –
a. Common Law
b. Roman law
c. Civil law
d. American law
35. It is a branch of public law, which prescribes the procedural rules to be observed in
litigations, whether civil, criminal, or administrative, and in special proceedings, as well as
the remedies or reliefs available in each case.
a. Remedial law
b. Substantive law
c. Criminal law
d. All of the above