02 - Force and Lows of Motion - 43-66

1) CHAPTER
Force and Laws of

2 Motion
SUB- TOPICS
Introduction
Newton’s Law
Force
Types of Force
Free Body Diagram
Frictional Force
INTRODUCTION
⮚ What is force? How is it related with laws of motion. To the answer of the first question,
let us know, what happens when something that we call force acts on any body?
⮚ Force is something that can do the following:
(i) Can deform a body.
(ii) Can make a static body moving.
(iii) Can stop a moving body.
⮚ Thus we find that force is something that is the cause of motion.
⮚ In this chapter, we shall study the motion of a particle along with the causes of such motion.
Rigid bodies undergoing translation may also be treated as particles for the analysis of their
translational motion. We shall learn how does force govern any motion with help of Newton’s laws
of motion.
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

Every body continues to be in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, except observation
externall force acts on the body under observation.
⮚ Conclusion
The above law gives us an idea that it is a property of a body to maintain its state of rest or motion.
This property is called as inertia. Note that inertia cannot be measured as it is merely a property.
However inertia of a body increases with the increase of the mass of the body.
Force and Lows of Motion Physics, Class : VIII
Illustrations –1: Why does a long jumper runs for a while before he jumps ?
Solution : A long jumper runs to gain kinetic inertia.
Illustrations –2: How many different kind of inertia are there ?

Solution: There are three kinds of inertia
(1) Static Inertia.
(2) Kinetic inertia.
(3) Inertia of direction.
Illustrations –3: Without applying any force a moving ball does not change its direction.
Why ?
Solution: It is because of inertia of direction. The ball has a tendency to maintain its
direction by nature. It is only force that can change its direction.
⮚ Momentum
It is a physical quanites whic is measure by the product of mass and velocity
i.e. P m = mv
It is a vector quantities and its S.I unit is kgms-1 or, NS.
⮚ Newton’s Second Law of Motion
This law states “The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force
applied on the body and change in direction of the momentum takes place in the direction of the
force”.
Let a force F acts on a body of mass m moving with a velocity u. Let after some time t the velocity
changes to v.
Here, the quantity mu is initial momentum and mv is the final momentum.

Therefore, change in momentum = mv – mu
Hence, rate of change in momentum = (mv – mu) / t
According to the second law,
F  (mv − mu) / t
 m(v − u) / t
 ma
Thus, F = k × ma (k is constant of proportionality) ...(i)
Now, If we define unit of force in such a way that it is that force which when acts on a body of unit
mass, the acceleration should be only unit.
In this case, the above equation can be written as 1 = k × 1 × 1.

Thus, the above equation (i) reduces to F = m × a (as k becomes 1).
Narayana IIT Foundation Programme
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Illustrations –4: A 2 kg ball is moving with a velocity of 1.5 m/s. A force is applied on the
ball and within 2 seconds the ball acquires a velocity of 2.5 m/s. Calculate the force.
Solution:
F=
(mv − mu )
t
2  2.5 − 2  1.5
= = 1N
2
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION

To every action (Force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (Force). Force never occurs singly
in nature. Force is the result of mutual interaction between two bodies. Mutual forces between two
bodies are always equal and opposite.
Let body B exert force F AB on body A, body A exert a force F BA on body B. These forces are
related by
F AB = −F BA
The negative sign represents opposite direction.
Some important points about IIIrd law.

⮚ Choice of term action and reaction is arbitrary and there is no cause effect relationship
⮚ Action reaction forces act on different bodies.
⮚ Action and reaction forces act simultaneously.
Illustrations –5: A cricket player lowers their hand while catching a ball. Why ?
Solution: By lowering their hand they use to increase the time so that force exerted on
their hand becomes less.
Illustrations –6: Let a bullet of mass m is fired from a gun of mass M. Let the bullet moves
with a velocity v. What should be the velocity V of the gun that will recoil ?
Solution: According to the principle of conservation of momentum their total momentum
before and after fire (means collision) must remain same. Before the bullet was fired their total
momentum was zero. After the bullet is fired their total momentum is mv + MV.
Accordingly, mv + MV = 0.
It gives mv
V=−
M
Illustrations –7: A girl of mass 15 kg jumps over a trolly from rest. The trolly was moving
with a speed of 3 m/s. If the mass of the trolly is 10 kg with what speed the trolly will move with
the girl over it ?
Solution: By applying principle of conservation momentum, 10 × 3 = (15 + 10) × v (if v
is the asking speed).
By solving 30 = 1.2 m/s.
v= m/s
25

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⮚ Application of Newton’s Third Law of motion

Principle of conservation of momentum :
Let a body of mass m1 moving with a velocity u1 and another body of mass m2 moving with a
velocity u2. Let u1 > u2.
Obviously m1 will collide with m2. Let after collision velocity of m1 becomes v1 and velocity of
m2 becomes v2. During collision m1 will exert force on m2 and vice-versa.
The force exerted by m1 on m2, m1v1 − m1u1
F12 =
t
And the reaction force of m2 on m1 m 2 v 2 − m 2u 2
F21 =
t
Now, according to third law of motion F12 = – F21
or  m1v1 − m1u1   m 2 v 2 − m 2u 2 
  = − 
 t   t 
or m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2
 Total momentum before collision = the total momentum after the collision.
Thus, we can conclude that during coillision of two bodies the total momentum remain constant
before and after the collision provided no external force acts on them. This is known as principle
of conservation of momentum.
Illustrations –8: A person gets less hurt on jumping on sand than on jumping on a concrete floor.
Why ?
Solution: While jumping on sand, the person takes more time for the change in
momentum than while jumping on a concrete floor.
Illustrations –9: Why do we move forward, when a moving bus stops ?

Solution: In the moving bus our whole body moves with the same speed as that of the bus.
The moment bus stops our lower part of the body in connection with the bus stops, but the upper
part of the body still keeps on moving.
Illustrations –10: How is a rocket launched ?

Solution : A rocket is launched with the help of reaction of the action of its smoke that
strikes the earth surface.
Illustrations –11: How do we walk ?

Solution: We walk with the help of reaction force of the action of our foot on the ground.
TYPES OF FORCES

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In most situations that we are going to encounter, there will chiefly be three kinds of forces.
⮚ Field Forces:
Those forces which do not require contact between the bodies to act, for example gravitational
force, electromagnetic force etc., are known as field forces. Weight is a king of field force. It’s
direction is always downward direction.
⮚ Contact force (F):

Forces which act when bodies are in contact are known as contact forces.
It is usually convenient to resolve contact force into components, one parallel to the surface of
contact, the other perpendicular to the surface of contact.
⮚ Normal Force or Normal Reaction (N):

The component of the contact force parallel to the surface of contact. The direction of the force of
friction is opposite to the direction of relative motion between the surfaces, or is such as to oppose
any tendency of relative motion between the surfaces.
To find the direction of normal reaction force remember this point “the surface to which you have
to represent normal reaction will be pushed away by the surface to which it is in contact. For
example
To represent normal reaction on surface I, we know surface II pushes away the surface I from it.
Therefore the normal reaction on surface I will be as shown in the figure.
Proceeding in the similar way we can represent the normal force on surface II as follows :
Note : N1 is normal reaction applied by surface II on surface I and N2 is the normal reaction
applied by surface I on surface II. Therefore from newton’s third law of motion N1 = −N2 .
FRICTIONAL FORCE (F)

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It is the component of the contact force parallel to the surface of contact. The direction of the force
of friction is opposite to the direction of relative motion between the surfaces, or is such as to
oppose any tendency of relative motion between the surfaces.
The magnitude of frictional force depends upon the normal force acting on the body
i.e. F  n
F = N
where μ = coefficient of friction
In case of motion (i.e. object mvoes slowly
F ≥ f (F = external force)
ma  N
ma  mg (N= mg)
a  g
i.e. a = g
⮚ Tension :
When a body is connected by means of a string or a rope, a force may be exerted on the body by
the string or the rope. This force is called tension.
To find the direction of tension, remember this point “Tension force always pulls a body”.
For example
Regarding the tension and string, the following three points are important to remember.
1. If a string is inextansible the magnitude of acceleration of any number of masses connected

through string is always same.
2. If a string is massless, the tension in it is same everywhere, however, if a sting has a mass,
tension at different points will be different.
3. If there is friction between string and pulley, tension is different on two sides of the pulley,
but if there is no friction between pulley and string tension will be same on both sides of the pulley.
Last two points can be understood in diagram as follows :

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If a pulley is massless, net force on it is zero if it is accelerated. For example in the figure.
T1 = 2T2 whether the pulley is accelerated on not provided the pulley is massless.
FREE BODY DIAGRAM:

No system, natural or man made, consists on a single body along or is complete in itself. A single
body or a part of the system can, however, be isolated from the rest by appropriately accounting
for its effect on the remaining system.
A free body diagram (FBD) consists of a diagrammatic representation of a single body or a

subsystem of bodies isolated from its surroundings showing all the forces acting on it.
Consider, for example, a book lying on a horizontal surface.
The following examples show the free body diagrams of different bodies

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To draw the free body diagram of any body keep in mind the following points.
1. We have to represent weight for every body. (If we assume pulleys are massless then we
will not represent weight)
2. Observer whether the body is in contact with the other body (surface). If it is in contact
with any surface then we have to represent normal reaction force and frictional force
(if any).
3. If there is any string attached with the body then we have to represent tension force.
Illustrations –12: A cylinder of weight w is resting on a V–groove as shown in the figure.

Draw its free body diagram. (All the surfaces are frictionless).
Solution: The free body diagram of the cylinder is as shown in the figure.
Here, w = weight of cylinder and N1 and N2 are normal reaction between the
cylinder and the two inclined walls.
Illustrations –13: Three blocks A, B and C are placed one over the other as shown in the figure.
Draw free body diagrams of all the three blocks. (All the surfaces are frictionless).
Solution: Free body diagrams of A, B and C are shown in the below :

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Here, N1 = normal reaction between A and B. N2 = normal reaction between B

and C. N3 = normal reaction between C and ground.
Illustrations –14: In the figure,
The surfaces between m1 and M and m2 and ground are rough and between M
and ground smooth. Draw the free body diagrams of (a) block m1 (b) block m2 (c) block M.
Solution:
❖❖❖

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KEY POINTS
⮚ Newton’s First Law of Motion every body continues to be in a state of rest or uniform
motion in a straight line, except observation external force acts on the body under observation
⮚ Newton’s second law of motion
⮚ This law states “the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the
force applied on the body and change in direction of the momentum takes place in the direction of
the force”.
⮚ Newton’s third law of motion to every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction
(force). force never occurs singly in nature. force is the result of mutual interaction between two
bodies. mutual forces between two bodies are always equal and opposite.
⮚ Frictional force (f) is the component of the contact force parallel to the surface of contact.
the direction of the force of friction is opposite to the direction of relative motion between the
surfaces, or is such as to oppose any tendency of relative motion between the surfaces.
⮚ Tension when a body is connected by means of a string or a rope, a force may be exerted
on the body by the string or the rope. this force is called tension.
⮚ Force = mass acceleration

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ASSIGNMENT – I
1. When a car accelerates horizontally along a straight road. The accelerating force is
(A) The push of the road on the car (B) The push of the car on the road
(C) the push of the engine of the car (D) The push of the rear axle on the wheels
2. A motor cycle and a car moving on a horizontal road with the same velocity. If they are
proviytes to rest by the application of brakes which provides equal retardation then.
(A) Motor cycle will stop at shorter distance (B) Car will stop at a sorter distance
(C) Both will stop at the same distance (D) Nothing can be predicted.
3. New ton Ist law of motion gives the concept of
(A) energy (B) Work
(C) Inertia (D) Momentum
4. Inertia of a body is
(A) Directly proportional to the mass of the body
(B) Inversely proportional to the mass of the body
(C) Dependent of the mass of the body
(D) Independent of the mass of the body
5. Which of the following has the largest inertia
(A) A pin (B) A pen
(C) Your physics book (D) Your loaded school bags
6. If A and B are two objects with masses 10kg and 50 kg respectively, then
(A) A has more inertia than B (B) B has more inertia than A
(C) A and B have the same inertia (D) None of the two has inertia
7. Two bodies A and B of same masses are moving with velocities v and 2v respectively.
Then the ratio of their inertia is
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1

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(C) 3 : 1 (D) 4 : 1
8. *The law of inertia applies to
(A) Moving object (B) Object at rest
(C) Both moving and non-moving object (D) Heavy abject only
9. When the branch of a free is shaken, the fruits fall due to
(A) Inertia of motion (B) Inertia of rest
(C) inertia of direction (D) The fruits are ripen
10. One newton is equal
(A) 107 dyne (B) 104 dyne
(C) 105 dyne (D) 1010 dyne
11. A body mass 10kg moves along a straight path with acceleration 2m/s2. The force acting
on the body is
(A) 10N (B) 20N
(C) 25N (D) 30N
12. A force of magnitude 20N acts on a body of mass 4kg. The acceleration gain by body
along the direction of force it
(A) 5m / s 2 (B) 6m / s 2
(C) 10m / s 2 (D) 12m / s 2
13. A force of magnitude 40N acts on a body, then body acquire. The acceleration 2m / s 2
along the direction of force. The mass of body is
(A) 40 kg (B) 20 kg
(C) 10 kg (D) 8 kg
14. A body mass 10kg starts motion from rest and acquire the velocity 20m/s after 5sec. The
force experience by the body is
(A) 40 N (B) 20 N
(C) 15 N (D)10 N

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15. For how long should a force of 100N act on a body of 20 kg so that it acquires a velocity
of 100 m/s
(A) 25 sec (B) 15 sec
(C) 20 sec (D) 10 sec
16. A 150g ball, traveling at 30m/s, strikes the palm of player’s hand and is stopped in
0.05sec. The force exerted by the ball on the hand is
(A) 100 N (B) 60 N
(C) 150 N (D) 90 N
17. *A body of mass 2 kg is at rest. What should be the magnitude of force which will make
the body move with a speed of 30 m/s at the end of 1 sec.
(A) 50 N (B) 60 N
(C) 70 N (D) 80 N
18. What is the force required to produce on acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 on a body of meight 9.8
N
(A) 9.8 N (B) 19.6 N
(C) 4.9 N (D) 27.3 N
19. When a force of 1N acts on a mass of 1 kg that is able to move freely. The object moves
with an
(A) Speed of 1m/s (B) Acceleration of 1 m / s 2
(C) Speed of 1 km/s (D) Acceleration of 10 m / s 2
20. A truck is loaded with 2000 kg of iron and another identical truck is loaded with 2000 kg of
cotton. If both the truck are to go on the same rough road with same speed chances of overturning
of
(A) iron truck are more (B) cotton truck are more
(C) Both truck are more (D) None these

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ASSIGNMENT – II
From the given diagram

1. Normal force acting on the block is
(A) 30 N (B) 40 N
(C) 20 3 N (D) 10 3 N
2. The net force acting along horizontal direction is

(A) 30 N (B) 40 N
(C) 20 3N (D)10 3 N
3. The force acting along y-axis is
(A) 30 N (B) 40 N
(C) 20 3N (D) Zero
4. Shown in the figure , normal force acting on the block is
( g = 10m / s )
2
(A) 20 N (B) 10 N
(C) 30 N (D) zero
5. *Shown in the given figure, the net force acting parallel to the inclined plane is
( g = 10m / s )
2
(A) 20 N (B) 10 N
(C) 10 3 N (D) 20 3 N
*6. Shown in the figure, the tension in string ‘C’ is

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(A) 10 N (B) 20 N
(C) 25 N (D)30 N
7. The tension in string ‘B’ is
(A) 10 N (B) 20 N
(C) 25 N (D)30 N
8. The tension in string ‘A’ is
(A) 10 N (B) 50 N
(C) 30 N (D) 60 N
*9. Shown in the figure, the tension in string OA is
Strings are masters and inextensible.

(A) 40 N (B) 60 N
(C) 80 N (D) zero
10. The tension in string OB is
(A) 40 N (B) 40 3N
(C) 80 N (D) zero
11. Action and reaction
(A) Act on two different object (B) Have same direction
(C) Have same direction (D) Have different magnitude
12. Swimming is possible on account of Newton’s
(A) Ist law (B) IInd law
(C) IIIrd law (D) IVth law

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13. If a man tumps out forward from a boat the boat moves
(A) forward (B) sideward
(C) backward (D) downward
14. What will be the momentum of toy car of mass 200g moving with a speed of 5m/s
(A) 2 kg m/s (B) 1 kg m/s
(C) 107 g cm/s (D) 106 g cm/s
15. A constant force of 12 N acts on a body for 4 sec. The Charge in linear momentum of
body is
(A) 40 kg ms −1 (B) 48 kg ms −1
(C) 60 kg ms −1 (D) 68 kg ms −1
16. A bullet of mass 10g is fired form a gun of mass 6kg with a velocity of 300 m/s. The
recoil velocity of the gun is
(A) 1 m/s (B) 0.5 m/s
(C) 0.75 m/s (D) 2 m/s
17. *A 10 gram bullet is shot from a 5 kg gun, if the recoil velocity of gun is 9.8 m/s, then the
velocity of bullets will be
(A) 300 ms −1 (B) 400 ms −1
(C) 150 ms −1 (D) 250 ms −1
18. A machine gun has a mass of 10 kg. If fires 30 gram bullets at the rate of 6 bullets per
second with a speed of 400 m/s. What force must be applied to the gun to keep it in position.
(A) 50 N (B) 52 N
(C) 70 N (D) 72 N
19. A machine gun has a mass of 20 kg. It fires 25 g bullets at the rate of 600 bullets per
minute with a speed of 200 ms −1 . The recoil velocity of gun is
(A) 5 m/s (B) 2.5 m/s
(C) 7.5 m/s (D) 3 m/s
20. A body of mass 4 kg moves with speed 10m/s along a straight path. An another body of
mass 6 kg which is in rest, first body collides with the 2nd body and moves together, the velocity
of bodies after collision is
(A) 2 m/s (B) 4 m/s
(C) 6 m/s (D) 8 m/s

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ASSIGNMENT – III
1. Friction force is
(A) contact force (B) normal force
(C) muscular force (D) gravitational force
2. The S.I units of co-efficient of friction is dimentionless constant
(A) new ton (B) meter
-1
(C) kg ms (D) Dimension less constant
3. Frictional force always act
(A) Normal to contact surface (B) parallel to contact surface
(C) Tangential to the contact surface (D) none of these
4. Frictional force is directly proportional to the
(A) external force (B) Normal force
(C) gravitation force (D) acc. due to gravity
5. Frictional force can not be measure in
(A) kg wt. (B) Newton
(C) dyne (D) kg ms–1
6. Friction is a/an
(A) self adjusting force (B) necessary evil
(C) important force in daily life (D) All of these
7. Graphite powder is used in machines to
(A) enhance friction (B) enhance profit
(C) reduce friction (D) reduce efficiency
8. It is difficult to walk on ice because of
(A) absence of friction (B) absence of inertia
(C) more inertia (D) more friction
9. When a bicycle travel on a rough surface, its speed
(A) Increases (B) decreases
(C) remains the same (D) none of these
10. Friction between any two objects is due to
(A) Attraction between them (B) Repulsion between them
(C) Some adhesive force between them (D) Irregularities on the surface
11. A body of mass 2 kg placed on a rough surface of friction co-efficient 0.6. If body is in rest,
then frictional force acting on the body is
(A) 20 N (B) 1.2 N
(C) 6 N (D) zero
12. Static friction acts, when
(A) body is in motion with respect to contact surface.

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(B) body is in rest with respect to contact surface

(C) body either in rest or in motion
(D) none of these
13. Kinetic friction always acts when
(A) body is in motion with respect to the contact surface
(B) body in rest with respect to the contact surface
(C) body either in rest or in motion
(D) none of these
14. A body of mass 6 kg placed on a rough surface of friction co-efficient 0.6. if an external
force is applied on the body, the body is on verge of sliding then, the frictional force acting on
the body
(A) 30 N (B) 32 N
(C) 36 N (D) 34 N
15. A body placed on a rough surface having co-efficient of friction 0.2. It body just comes in
motion by applying external force. The acceleration of body will be
(A) >15 m/s2 (B) >2 m/s2
(C) <2.2 m/s2 (D) =2.4 m/s2
*16. The co-efficient of friction between two surface is 0.2 the angle of friction is All of these
The co-efficient of friction between two surfaces is 0.2 The angle of friction is
(A) sin −1 ( 0.2 ) (B) cos −1 ( 0.2 )
(C) tan −1 ( 0.2 ) (D) cot −1 ( 0.2 )
17. A force of 5 N acts on a body of weight 9.8 N. The acceleration produced in m/s2 is
(A) 0.51 (B) 1.96
(C) 5.00 (D) 49.0
18. A body of mass 1 kg is acted upon by two forces, each of magnitude 1N , making an angle
of 60° with each other. The net acceleration of the body is
(A) 1 m/s2 (B) 3m / s 2
(C) 5m / s 2 (D) 7m / s 2
*19. A car starts from rest to cover a distance x. The co-efficient of friction between the road
and tyres is μ.The minimum time in which the car can cover distance x is proportional to
(A)  (B) 1

(C)  (D) 1


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COMPETITIVE CORNER
Straight Objective Type
This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C), (D), out of which ONLY
ONE is correct. Choose the correct option.
1. A rider on horse back falls when horse starts running all of a sudden because
(A) rider is taken back
(B) rider is suddenly afraid of falling
(C) inertia of rest keeps the upper part o both at rest whereas lower part of the body moves
forward with the horse
(D) none of these
2. Inertia is the property of a body by virtue of which the body is
(A) unable to change by itself the state of rest
(B) unable to change by itself the direction of motion
(C) unable to change by itself the direction of motion
(D) unable to change by itself the state of rest and of uniform linear motion.
3. Newton’s first law of motion describe the following
(A) energy (B) work
(C) inertia (D) momentum of inertia
4. Newton’s second law gives the measure of
(A) acceleration (B) force
(C) momentum (D) angular momentum
5. A force of 100 dynes acts on mass of 5 gm for 10 sec. The velocity produced is
(A) 2 cm/sec (B) 20 cm/sec
(C) 200 cm/sec (D) 2000 cm/sec
6. Swimming is possible on account of
(A) First law of motion (B) Second law of motion
(C) Third law of motion (D) Newton’s law of gravitation
7. If pressure at half the depth of a lake is equal to 2/3 pressure at the bottom of the lake then
what is the depth of the lake
(A) 10 m (B) 20 m
(C) 60 m (D) 30 m
8. In a game of tug of wars, a condition of equilibrium exists. Both the teams pull the rope
with a force of 104N. The tension in the rope is
(A) 104N (B) 105N
(C) 0 N (D) 2´ 104N
9. Inertia of a body has direct dependence on:
(A) velocity (B) volume
(C) mass (D) density
*10. A force 100 N acts in a body mass 2 kg for 10s. The change in the velocity of the body is
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(A) 100 ms–1 (B) 250 ms–1

(C) 500 ms–1 (D) 1000 ms–1
11. A man is at rest in the middle of a pond on perfectly smooth ice. He an get himself to the
store by making use of Newton’s
(A) First law (B) Second law
(C) Third law (D) All the laws
12. A cannon after firing recoils due to
(A) Conservation of energy (B) Backward thrust of gases produced
(C) Newton’s third law of motion (D) Newton’s first law of motion
13. A cold soft drink is kept on the balance. When the cap is open, then the weight
(A) increases (B) decreases
(C) first increase then decreases (D) remains same
14. Action and reaction forces act on
(A) the same body (B) the different bodies
(C) the horizontal surface (D) Nothing can be said
15. A body, whose momentum is constant, must have constant
(A) Force (B) Velocity
(C) Acceleration (D) All of the these
16. The momentum is most closely related to
(A) Force (B) impulse
(C) Power (D) K.E
17. A bullet of mass 5 g is shot from a gun of mass 5 kg. The muzzle velocity of the bullet is
500 m/s the recoil velocity of the gun is
(A) 0.5 m/s (B) 0.25 m/s
(C) 1 m/s (D) Data is insufficient
Multiple Correct Answer Type

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C), (D), out of which
ONE or MORE is correct. Choose the correct options.
*18. A force of 50 dynes is acted on a body of mass 5 kg which is at rest for an interval of 3
seconds, then impulse is
× ×
(A) 0.15 10-3 Ns (B) 0.98 10-3 Ns
×
(C) 1.5 10-3 Ns (D) 0.0015 kg m/s
19. The momentum of a system is conserved

(A) Always
(B) Never
(C) In the absence of an external force on the system
(D) Object moves with constant velocity

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20. The accelerated motion of a body can occur

(A) due to change in its speed only
(B) due to change in direction of motion only
(C) due to change in both speed and direction of motion
(D) due to constancy of velocity.
21. Which of the following statements are correct for action and reaction forces ?
(A) These act on two different bodies.
(B) These are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
(C) These act on a single body
(D) These are necessary to explain reactions in third law.
Matrix Match Type

This section contains Matrix-Match Type questions. Each question contains statements given in two
columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B, C, D) in Column–I have to be matched with statements
(p, q, r, s) in Column–II. The answers to these questions have to be appropriately bubbled as illustrated in
the following example.
If the correct matches are A-p, A-s, B-q, B-r, C-p, C-q and D-s, then the correctly bubbled 4 × 4 matrix
should be as follows:
*22. Match the column
Column-A Column-B
(A) Inertia (p) Newton’s III law
(B) Recoil of gun (q) Kg f
(C) Momentum (r) 105 g cm s-1
(D) 1 kg m s-1 (s) Newton’s I law
(E) Weight (t) Newton’s II law
Integer Answer Type

23. Calculate the momentum of toy car of mass 200g with a speed of 5 m/s.
24. A man throws a ball weight 500g vertically upward with a speed of 10 m/s. What would
be its momentum at the highest point of its flight.
*25. A body of mass 25 kg has a momentum 125 kg m /s. Calculate the velocity of body.
26. What is the acceleration produced by a force 12 N exerted on an object of mass 3kg.
❖❖❖

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KEY & HINTS

Lows of Motion
ASSIGNMENT – I
1. (A) 11. (B)
2. (B) 12. (A)
3. (C) 13. (B)
4. (A) 14. (A)
5. (D) 15. (C)
6. (B) 16. (D)
7. (A) 17. (B)
8. (C) 18. (A)
9. (B) 19. (B)
10. (C) 20. (B)
ASSIGNMENT – II
1. (A) 11. (A)
2. (D) 12. (C)
3. (D) 13. (C)
4. (B) 14. (B)
5. (C) 15. (B)
6. (A) 16. (B)
7. (D) 17. (B)
8. (B) 18. (D)
9. (C) 19. (B)
10. (B) 20. (B)
ASSIGNMENT – II
1. (A) 6. (D)
2. (D) 7. (C)
3. (B) 8. (A)
4. (B) 9. (B)
5. (D) 10. (D)
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11. (D) 16. (C)

12. (B) 17. (C)
13. (A) 18. (B)
14. (C) 19. (B)
15. (B)
COMPETITIVE CORNER
1. (C) 9. (C)
From Newton’s first law of motion Ft = mv − mu
2. (D) Ft 100 10
3. (C)  ( v − u ) = v = = = 500m / s
m 2
4. (B) 10. (C)
 v − n  mv 11. (C)
F = ma = m  = ;
 t  t 12. (C)
ft 100 10 13. (C)
v= = = 200cm / s 14. (B)
m 5
15. (B)
5. (C)
16. (C)
H
PB = PM + g Impulse = I = Ft = change in momentum
2 17. (B)
6. (C) MVrec = mv
2 gH
 P− P = mv 5 10−3  500
3 2  Vrec = =
P Hg ….(i) m 5
= = 0.5m / s
3 2 18. (C), (D)
Ps = P0 = atmospheric pressure
× × ×
Impulse = Kt = 50 10-5 3 = 15 104 N-
p B = PS + .gH
×
s = 1.5 10-3 Ns
 P = p 0 + gH ….(ii)
from (i) and (ii) 19. (C), (D)
P0 + gH gH Because v − u dv
= a= = .
3 2 t dt
 2P0 + 2gH = 3gH Hence, it depends on both magnitude of
direction of velocity of a body.
 2P0 = gH
20. (A),(B),(C)
2 21. (A),(B),(D)
H= 0
g 22. A-s, B-p, C-t, D-r, E-q
2 1.01105 23. 1
= Momentum (p)= mv
103 10
200
= 20  1.01 = 20 meter = 5
1000
7. (B)
= 0.2  5 = 1kg m s −1
8. (D)

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24. 0 125 = 25  v
v = 5m / s
At the highest point velocity of the projected
26. 4
object is zero. then momentum would be also F = ma
zero. 12 = 3  a
25. 5 a = 4m / s 2
p = mv
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1) CHAPTER

Force and Laws of

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

Illustrations –2: How many different kind of inertia are there ?

Here, the quantity mu is initial momentum and mv is the final momentum.

In this case, the above equation can be written as 1 = k × 1 × 1.

NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION

Some important points about IIIrd law.

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⮚ Application of Newton’s Third Law of motion

Illustrations –9: Why do we move forward, when a moving bus stops ?

Illustrations –10: How is a rocket launched ?

Illustrations –11: How do we walk ?

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⮚ Contact force (F):

⮚ Normal Force or Normal Reaction (N):

FRICTIONAL FORCE (F)

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1. If a string is inextansible the magnitude of acceleration of any number of masses connected

Last two points can be understood in diagram as follows :

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FREE BODY DIAGRAM:

A free body diagram (FBD) consists of a diagrammatic representation of a single body or a

Consider, for example, a book lying on a horizontal surface.

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Illustrations –12: A cylinder of weight w is resting on a V–groove as shown in the figure.

Solution: Free body diagrams of A, B and C are shown in the below :

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Here, N1 = normal reaction between A and B. N2 = normal reaction between B

Illustrations –14: In the figure,

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⮚ Newton’s second law of motion

⮚ Force = mass acceleration

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3. New ton Ist law of motion gives the concept of

(A) energy (B) Work

(C) Inertia (D) Momentum

(A) Directly proportional to the mass of the body

(B) Inversely proportional to the mass of the body

(C) Dependent of the mass of the body

(D) Independent of the mass of the body

5. Which of the following has the largest inertia

(A) A pin (B) A pen

(C) Your physics book (D) Your loaded school bags

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8. *The law of inertia applies to

(A) Moving object (B) Object at rest

9. When the branch of a free is shaken, the fruits fall due to

(A) Inertia of motion (B) Inertia of rest

(C) inertia of direction (D) The fruits are ripen

10. One newton is equal

(A) 107 dyne (B) 104 dyne

(C) 105 dyne (D) 1010 dyne

(A) 10N (B) 20N

(C) 25N (D) 30N

(C) 10m / s 2 (D) 12m / s 2

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(A) 25 sec (B) 15 sec

(C) 20 sec (D) 10 sec

(A) 100 N (B) 60 N

(C) 150 N (D) 90 N

(A) 9.8 N (B) 19.6 N

(C) 4.9 N (D) 27.3 N