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CLASS 12TH HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT

Class 12 - Chemistry

1. Distinguish between the terms molality and molarity. Under what condition are the molarity and molality of a [3]
solution nearly the same?
2. Concentration terms such as mass percentage, ppm, mole fraction and molality are independent of temperature, [3]
however, molarity is a function of temperature. Explain.
3. What is the mole fraction of a solute, in 2.5 m aqueous solution? [3]
4. Draw the graphs of both deviations from ideal behaviours? [3]
5. Define the term solution. How many types of solutions are formed? Write briefly about each type with an [3]
example.
6. In each of the following pairs of compounds, identify the compound which will undergo SN1 reaction faster. [3]

i. and

ii. and

7. How the following conversions can be carried out? [3]

i. 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
ii. Chloroethane to butane
iii. Benzene to diphenyl

8. Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with OH-? [3]

i. CH3Br or CH3I

ii. (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl

9. Write IUPAC names of the following: [3]

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

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 v.

vi.

10. Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. [3]
i. 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
ii. 2-Bromobutane
iii. 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
11. Name the reagents used in the following reactions: [3]
i. Benzyl alcohol to Benzoic acid.
ii. Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene.
iii. Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol.
12. Write the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethane. [3]
13. An organic compound (X) when dissolved in ether and treated with magnesium metal forms a compound Y. The [3]
compound, Y, on treatment with acetaldehyde and the product on acid hydrolysis gives isopropyl alcohol.
Identify the compound X. What is the general name of the compounds of the type Y.
14. Give the structures and IUPAC names of the products expected from the following reactions: [3]
a. Catalytic reduction of butanol.
b. Hydration of propene in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid.
c. Reaction of propanone with methyl magnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis.
15. An organic compound ' A ' having molecular formula C 3 H6 on treatment with aq. H
2 S O4 give 'B' which on [3]
treatment with Lucas reagent gives 'C'. The compound 'C' on treatment with ethanolic KOH gives back 'A'
.Identify A, B, C .

Lucas
aq. H2 SO4 reagent alc.KOH

A( C3 H6 ) −−−−−−→ B−−−−−→ C −−−−−→ A

16. Give reasons for the following: [3]

a. Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
b. Treatment of benzaldehyde with HCN gives a mixture of two isomers which cannot be separated even by
careful fractional distillation.
c. Sodium bisulphite is used for the purification of aldehydes and ketones.
17. Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: [3]
1. C H 3 C H(C H3 )C H2 C H2 C HO

2. C H 3CH = C HC HO

3. (C H 3 )3 C C H2 C OOH

4. OHC C 6 H4 C HO − p

18. Predict the products of the following reactions: [3]

i.

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 ii.

O
+
|| H

iii. R − C H = C H − C HO + N H2 − C − N H2 − N H2 −→
−

iv.

+
H

+ CH 3 CH2 NH2 −

−→

19. How would you bring about the following conversions? [3]
i. Propanal to butanone
ii. Benzaldehyde to benzophenone
iii. Benzoyl chloride to benzonitrile
20. Write reactions for obtaining: [3]
i. Acetone from acetic acid
ii. Benzene from toluene
21. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
Few colligative properties are:
a. relative lowering of vapor pressure: depends only on the molar concentration of solute (mole fraction) and is
independent of its nature.
b. depression in freezing point: it is proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.
c. elevation of the boiling point: it is proportional to the molal concentration of solute.
d. osmotic pressure: it is proportional to the molar concentration of solute.

A solution of glucose is prepared with 0.052 g at glucose in 80.2 g of water. (Kf = 1.86 K kg mol-1 and Kb = 5.4

K kg mol-1
(i) Mole fraction of glucose in the given solution is

a) 0.00028 b) 6.28 × 10-5

c) 0.00625 d) 1.23 × 10-4

(ii) If same amount of sucrose (C12H22O11) is taken instead of glucose then

a. elevation in boiling point will be higher

b. depression in freezing point will be higher
c. depression in freezing point will be lower
d. both (a) and (b)

a) (c) b) (b)

c) (d) d) (a)
(iii) Molality of the given solution is

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 a) 0.0052 m b) 1.29 m

c) 0.0006 m d) 0.0036 m
(iv) Boiling point for the solution will be

a) 373.15 K b) 373.05 K

c) 373.02 K d) 372.98 K
(v) The depression in the freezing point of solution will be

a) 0.0187 K b) 0.082 K

c) 0.067 K d) 0.035 K
22. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution

nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction.
Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance,

stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly

by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.

(i) Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?

a) CH2=CHCl b) C6H5Cl

c) CH3CH=CHCl d) ClCH2CH=CH2

(ii) Isopropyl chloride undergoes hydrolysis by

a) SN1 and SN2 mechanism b) SN1 mechanism

c) SN2 mechanism d) neither SN1 nor SN2 mechanism.

(iii) The most reactive nucleophile among the following is

a) CH3O- b) (CH3)3CO-

c) (CH ) CHO- d) C H O-
32 6 5

(iv) Tertiary alkyl halides are practically inert to substitution by SN2 mechanism because of

a) stearic hindrance. b) instability

c) insolubility d) inductive effect

(v) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing SN2 reactivity?

a) RCH2X > R3CX > R2CHX b) R3CX > R2CHX > RCH2X

c) R2CHX > R3CX > RCH2X d) RCH2X > R2 CHX > R3CX

23. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
Dehydration of alcohols can lead to the formation of either alkenes or ethers. This dehydration can be carried out
either with protonic acids such as conc. H2SO4,H3PO4 or catalysts such as anhydrous ZnCl2 or Al2O3. When
primary alcohols are heated with conc. H2SO4 at 433-443 K, undergo intramolecular dehydration to form

alkenes. Secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo dehydration under milder conditions. The ease of dehydration

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 of alcohols follows the order: 3o > 2o > 1o.

The dehydration of alcohols always occurs in accordance with Saytzeff s rule. Primary alcohols when heated
with protic acid at 413 K, gives dialkyl ether.

conc. H2 SO4

CH3CH2OH −−−−−−−→ CH2 = CH2 + H2O

433−433K
conc. H2 SO4

2CH3CH2OH −−−−−−−→ CH3CH2 - O - CH2CH3 + H2O

413K

(i) Which one of the following alcohols undergoes acid-catalysed dehydration to alkenes most readily?

a) CH3CH2CH2OH b) (CH3)2CHCH2OH

c) CH3CHOHCH3 d) (CH3)3COH

(ii) The alcohol which does not give a stable compound on dehydration is

a) methyl alcohol b) ethyl alcohol

c) n-butyl alcohol d) n-propyl alcohol

(iii) Dehydration of alcohol is an example of which type of reaction?

a) Rearrangement b) Substitution

c) Elimination d) Addition
(iv) conc. H2 SO4

 −−−−−−−→ products.

The most stable product(s) is/are

i.

ii.

iii. both (a) and (b)

iv. none of these

a) (iii) b) (ii)

c) (i) d) (iv)
(v)
+
H

The product of the reaction  −→

−  X, is
Δ

a) b)

c) d)

24. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]

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Carboxylic acids dissociate in water to give carboxylate ion and hydronium ion.

RCOOH + H2O ⟶ RCOO- + H3O+

The acidity of carboxyl group is due to the presence of positive charge on oxygen which liberates proton. The
carboxylate ion formed is resonance stabilised.

Carboxylic acids are stronger acids than phenols. Electron withdrawing groups (EWG) increase the acidity of
carboxylic acids by stabilising the conjugate base through delocalisation of negative charge by inductive and/or
resonance effects. Electron donating group (EDG) decrease the acidity by destabilising the conjugate base.
(i) Which of the following reactions is showing the acidic property of carboxylic acid?

a) O

||
O

||
b) O

||
O

||

2R − C − OH + 2Na2 CO3 ⟶ 2R − C − ONa

R −+
CH−2OH
O ++
CONaOH
2 ↑ → R − C − ONa + H2 O

c) All of these d) O

||
O

||

2R − C − OH + 2Na ⟶ 2C − C − ONa + H2 ↑

(ii) Which one of the following is the correct order of acidic strength?

a) CF3COOH > CH3COOH > HCOOH > b) CH3COOH > HCOOH > CF3COOH >
CHCl2COOH > C6H5CH2COOH CHCl2COOH > C6H5CH2COOH

c) HCOOH > C6H5CH2COOH > d) CF3COOH > CHCl2COOH > HCOOH

CF3COOH > CHCl2COOH > > C6H5CH2COOH > CH3COOH

CH3COOH

(iii) The acidic strength of the given compounds follows the order:
O

||

I. C H 3 − C H = C H − C − OH

||
⋅⋅

II. C H 3 − O − C H = C H − C − OH
⋅⋅
O

||

III. C H 3
− C H2 − C − OH

a) III > II > I b) II > III > I

c) II > I > III d) I > II > III

(iv) Which of the following acids has the smallest dissociation constant?

a) BrCH2CH2COOH b) FCH2CH2COOH

c) CH3CHBrCOOH d) CH3CHFCOOH

(v) The correct order of acidity for the following compounds is

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a) III > IV > II > I b) I > III > IV > II

c) III > I > II > IV d) I > II > III > IV

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