Edexcel AS Biology Topic 3 mock exam Total marks: 80 marks Time allowed: 1 hour & 30 minutes Student’s name: feral fart be "eo Class: Dr.Mohab Megahed Scanned with CamScanneruest ‘The photograph below shows an organelle found in some eukaryotic cells. ‘Magnification x15 000 (@) Place a cross fi/in the box that completes each of the following statements. (The organelle shown in the photograph is @) GA anamyloplast B a chloroplast € a Golgi apparatus Boe D a thylakoid i) The part of the organelle labelled F is a cytoplasm granum matrix Boag 09 @ > stroma Scanned with CamScanner(b) Give three structures that this organelle has in common with a mitochondrion. Q) a a actly tages {Total for Question 1 = 6 marks) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 2 The root tip squash is a method used to observe mitosis in the cells of plant roots. (2) The following statements describe features that can be seen in a cell during mitosis. Place a cross Bin the box next to the correct word or words to complete each of the following statements. (i) During mitosis, the chromosomes become visible as pairs of chromatids held together by (1) centrioles centromeres chromatin Boaoaa go ep spindle fibres (il) The chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell during a) A anaphase B_ metaphase © prophase Hoo0aa8 D telophase (ii) The nucleoli reappear during anaphase A B_ metaphase © prophase D Boag telophase Scanned with CamScanner(b) Describe how to prepare a root tip squash so that chromosomes can be seen. (a) Cu of. JC. the toot antl bce the_tool tyson. fell. fe. Cawule. bteiltallf Me sath Las ull hi oval feeble teal Lye tewber Mtn... td clinawacs. lt dase abit bout Met pl sil. Sie pitces_then apy 2h Crt be bef slid. A buat. geldp cue. SMike td. which.tegp Lie rl ch hf fein cb bbe Scanned with CamScanner(6) A root tip squash was prepared and then observed using a microscope. The number of cells at each stage of the cell cycle was counted, ‘The diagram below shows the Proportion of cells observed at each stage of the cell cycle. Prophase ‘Metaphase _ cm ‘Anaphase Telophase Using information in the diagram, suggest which stage of the éell cycle is the one least likely to byobserved. Give an exp}{nation for your answer. {Total for Question 2 = 10 marks) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 3 Insulin is a protein ribosomes, then mi Its secreted, Produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is synthesised on ‘odified and packaged in vesicles. Itis stored in these vesicles until The diagram below shows the org: anelles involved in this process of modifying and packaging the insulin in vesicles, cell surface membrane. ° e@ vesicle containing ————® @ *(2) Using the information in the dia and secreted by the cell. \gram, describe how insulin is modified, packaged nai, ehtgachin, Adal Ls perdi Lee sulle, surf Scanned with CamScanner(b) Type 1 diabetes occurs when beta cells in the pancreas do not Produce insulin, Stem cells produced from skin cells can be used to replace these beta cells in mice. The skin cells can be stimulated to become pluripotent stem cells. (Place a cross in the bi 10x next to the correct definition to complete the following statement. Pluripotent stem cells are GA. specialised cells that can differentiate to give rise to almost any type of cx inthe body, including totipotent cells GB specialised cells that can differentiate: body, excluding totipotent cells I C_unspecialised cells that can differentiate to give rise to almost any type of cell in the body, excluding totipotent cells, 5 D unspecialised cells that can differentiate to give rise to any type of cell in the body, including totipotent cells to give rise to any type of cell in the Ai) The pluripotent sjém cells were injected into the mice. After eight weeks, these cells had developed into insulin-secreting beta cells, (4) l_asahenpene.. hws shiide. Abie while ut, Swikled 010 gene tre. ete paul lat tue adit _ahielae, tact (Total for Question 3 = 9 marks) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 4 ‘An investigation was carried out into the effect of temperature on pollen tube growth. Pollen grains from two different varieties of cotton plants were used, variety A and variety B, ‘Twenty pollen grains from variety A were placed in a solution of sucrose and incubated for 24 hours at 15°C. The lengths of the pollen tubes were then measured. This was repeated at four more. temperatures, The Investigation was then repeated for pollen grains from varlety B. The results are shown in the graph below. 1.00: 2 0.80. 0.70. 8 § 0.40. 030: 2 Mean length of pollen tubes after 24 hours / mm. 2 s 2 8 0 5 1 15 20 25 30 35 40 Incubation te ature /°C Independent variable, Ligh 3 Dependent variable —tigell. . fa lige Scanned with CamScanner{@) Calculate the percentage change in pollen tube length for variety A when the temperature was increased from 15°C to 30°C. Show your working. a) X100 = Answer 2: % (ili) Use the ‘information in the ‘graph to compare the. -effect of temperature on the ‘Stowth of pollen tubes of variety A with variety 5. ) #e, poli Lihe. by La p2bjigls don lhe abpme abave_fo He simple below. aes alte. by Heigl E fle mabe a Bn baw 8 Scanned with CamScanner(4) Pollen grains contain gametes. Explain the role of meiosis in the production of gametes. ) — Hass te a riclilan_plvisen theif weclene bank pared, —Sefle_dphid fy t oh. thentiane js rz ileal ctublig ol the chorea sre lor by casi ever keluen Mee parila vie oh, mertaios ey, a mL. —ten-sehr Cf, —Ciebinedn lelelea,_. LD. a (Total for Question 4 = 13 marks) Scanned with CamScannerThe stages of mitosis can be observed in cells from growing tissues, (@) The photograph below shows celle from an onion roct tip, we “ob, as seen using a microscope. Magnification x600 @ Puta cross B in the box next ‘o the row that correctly identifies the stages of mitosis shown in cell F and cell G, a Cell E Cell Anaphase | Metaphase Prophase Metaphase Qa OB | Metaphase | prophase mec Ob Telophase | Prophase Scanned with CamScanner(b) The table shows the number of. Cells, in a root tip, observed at different stages of the cell cycle, Stage of the cell cycle | Number of cells Interphase 693 Prophase 35 Metaphase 7 Anaphase 6 Telophase 24 ()) Puta cross Bg in the box observed in this root tip, a G A anaphase BB metaphase ext to the stage of mitosis most likely to be DC prophase GD D telophase Ai) The mitotic index is the percentage of cells in a sample undergoing mitosis. Calculate the mitotic index for the cells in the table, Show your working, (2) log 7 i“ ww lhBB.M% Scanned with CamScanner(6) Herbicices are chemicals used to kill weeds. Some herbicides work by disrupting the cell cycle, An investigation was cartied out to study the effect of different concentrations of the herbicide Agil on mitosis in ‘onion root tips, Agil concentrations of 0.5 ppm, oni 1.0 ppm and 1.5 ppm were used. The roots of the with xPosed to these concentrations for 48 hours control was also used with no Agil present. Root tip squashes were then Prepared and the percentage of cells undergoing mitosis was recorded for 150, ells for each slide examined. The table below shows the results of this investigation. Spares of Agil eae aoe 4 (2%) 00 395 Os 247 1.0 227 1s 20.0 (Using the information in the table, descr the effects of Agil concentration ‘0n mitosis in onion root tips, (2) 4.dececatotyh ob LD incunsa. Me szunitne of CM, py ; Ldn? ues. Scanned with CamScannerMi) The herbicide Agil also These include chromos completing normally, increased the number of chi romosome abnormalities, some bridges, Which prevent anaphase from The graph shows the effect. cells with chromosome bri of the concentr: idges, ation of Agil on the percentage of s g = 2 oy BS 28 gs es 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 Concentration of Agil /ppm Suggest how chromosome bridge formation could affect the production of gametes. @ hit cells Gt... let Littler hee. Lhinitied ich, caleasb (Total for Question 2 = 9 marks) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 6 Infertility reduces the chance of successful ferti “There are many causes of infer lisation of the egg by a sperm cell. tility in humans. Cigarette smoke contains nicotine, The effects of nicotine on the quality of sperm cells have been studied in rats, ayer Male rats were Given nicotine at levels of either 0.5 m kg of | 19 per kg of body mass or 1.0mg per kg of body mass. ’ Percentage of each type of sperm cell (%) Type of sperm cell Control 05mg of nicotine | 1.0mg of nicotine perkg perkg normal sperm cells 936 832 752 sperm cells with —> | flagella defects as sperm cells with 50 mid-piece defects other defects, including missing os 10 12 heads @) (Complete the table to give the percentage of sperm cells with flagella defects when the rats were given 0.5 mg of nicotine per kg of body mass. a) (OO ~ CHE 427 +10) - 13k Scanned with CamScanner(W) Using the information in the table, calculate the difference in the percentage of sperm cells with defective flagella in rats given 1.0 mg of nicotine per kgof body mass compared withthe control group. 19-9-B-9- a) 1G —% (ii) Name the organelle that may be fssing from the sperm cells with mid-piece defects. a) {v) Using the information in the table, s why nicotine reduces the movement of the sperm cells. Mtl Dy Let, sack, (di tee aB é Scanned with CamScanner(6) A genetic cause of infertility Is globozoospermia. This condition results in round-headed sperm cells being produced, These sperm calls donot possess an acrosome, Photograph A shows normal sperm cells and photograph B shows sperm cells froma man with globozoospermia, Magnification x500 Suagest why the sperm cells In photograph B would not be able to fertilise an egg. 2 pel en yodltecrop blyewierts Cults. merbreante follllr oo Scanned with CamScannerI (9 Suggest why a vata study o n the ts la on fertility would have to be carried out onnonsmoken aii . (Total for Question 6 = 13 marks) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 7 Smokin iret ceases the rk of developing hing cancer The graph below shows the relative ‘isk of developing lung cancer in People who have smoked for different numbers of years. ad Pertive {skis how many times more likely a person is of developing lung cancer Key ie om |] lessthan20 20-29 39.39 Years of smoking ° 40-49 S0crmore (@) Using the information in she graph, describe the ‘effect that smoking has on the relative risk of developy lung cancer. Scanned with CamScannerloping lung cancer is doubled if has developed lung cancer, the causes of lung cancer, a cheat YY a ‘dentical twins develop from one fertilised egg. (i) Explain. why studies of identical twins can Provide evidence for the. relative effects ofthe factors that affect a —s 2) ft spawl pe So Lal eLsEzYyeif Scanned with CamScanner(ii) Non-identical twins are produced from the fertilisation of two eggs. Concordance is the probability that each twin will have the same characteristic if is present in one of the twins. ‘The table below shows the concordance of lung cancer in identical and non-identical twins. Concordance of Type ofewin | jung cancer (96) Identical 20 Non-identical " Using information in the table, comment on the relative contributions of genotype and the environment to the probability of developing lung cancer. (a) yw. oti hy led getlls atl. well beeen phate! LL. ph ee ro tbe ent _pilltaty te _e Mhul a__getl Mobut an Nrviciien the. eee Llew..genelie (Total for question 7 = 9 marks) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 8 In 2014, a scientific paper was published claiming that mature white blood cells from mice could be reprogrammed to become stem cells. ‘The process involved applying stress to the cells. This included exposing them to acidic conditions or applying physical pressure on cell membranes. twas claimed that the stem cells produced could give rise to all cell types, including placental cells. (2) (i) Give the property that thesé stem cells appeared to possess. Suggest why itis difficult for a specialized cell to be reprogramme become a stem cell. @ —Cutetle_gh fe aL aed (b) There is an ongoing ethical controversy about the use of stem cells. Use your understanding to ive a balanced brief covering the different ethical views concerning the usage of stem cells. Scanned with CamScanner(©) Stem cells are required for the development of medical therapies. Suggest two applications of the use of stem eel therapy. (d) Discuss how regulatory authorities control the use of ‘embryonic stem cells in research. (3) i” ! —fBHLE. ~ Zc Mee deibitasditt.yfl Label. ee tof, wutlfiad., J gular. adllonles_ can... eapelilig.. ride. wéstaich ay mee thi. Lact. spd PP a cag 7 (Total for Question 8 = 11 marks) ” Scanned with CamScanner